建築工程 102 年法學知識與英文考古題（共 50 題）
資料來源：考選部歷屆試題｜法律人 LawPlayer 整理
https://lawplayer.com/exam/architectural-engineering/102-legal-knowledge-english

第 1 題
依司法院大法官解釋之見解，有關修憲之程序，下列敘述何者正確？
(A) 應公開透明為之，以滿足理性溝通之條件，方能賦予憲政國家之正當性基礎
(B) 為符合公開透明原則，人民於複決投票時應採記名方式
(C) 為符合民主原則，所有憲法內容均得修改，包含民主共和國原則及國民主權原則
(D) 修憲是民主程序，即使程序發生疑義，司法院亦不得對修憲內容為違憲審查
正解：A

第 2 題
關於憲法之解釋，應由下列何者為之？
(A) 行政院法規會
(B) 立法院
(C) 監察院
(D) 司法院
正解：D

第 3 題
依我國現行憲法及憲法增修條文之規定，以下何者不是司法院大法官之職權？
(A) 解釋憲法
(B) 審理政黨違憲之解散案
(C) 審理總統、副總統彈劾案
(D) 審理公務員懲戒案件
正解：D

第 4 題
下列何者不構成特別犧牲？
(A) 私有房屋被徵用
(B) 私有道路被認定為具公共地役關係之既成道路
(C) 私有土地被徵收
(D) 私有騎樓通道經行政機關公告禁止設攤
正解：D

第 5 題
以下何機關，為中央行政機關組織基準法所稱之獨立機關？
(A) 行政院農業委員會
(B) 國家通訊傳播委員會
(C) 國防部
(D) 行政院衛生署
正解：B

第 6 題
依據憲法第58 條及行政院組織法之規定，下列何者非行政院會議之組織成員，僅依規定應列席行政院會議？
(A) 行政院秘書長
(B) 內政部部長
(C) 僑務委員會委員長
(D) 不管部會之政務委員
正解：A

第 7 題
依據公民投票法之規定，全國性公民投票適用事項不包括下列何者？
(A) 預算事項之複決
(B) 立法原則之創制
(C) 憲法修正案之複決
(D) 法律之複決
正解：A

第 8 題
依現行法之規定，下列那一種公職人員之選舉，候選人當選與否，並不取決於該候選人得票數之多寡，而是原則上取決於該候選人所屬政黨得票數之多寡？
(A) 總統、副總統
(B) 僑居國外國民立法委員
(C) 原住民立法委員
(D) 原住民直轄市議員
正解：B

第 9 題
競選連任之總統在競選活動時之何種罪行，仍應受刑事上之訴究？
(A) 殺人罪
(B) 貪瀆罪
(C) 內亂罪
(D) 強盜罪
正解：C

第 10 題
如某社區之社區公約，約定區分所有權人不得於其住宅內設置各種中途之家，違者將由社區管理委員會訴請遷離。甲為該社區之住戶，於其所有之獨棟住宅內設置「未婚媽媽中途之家」，為社區管理委員會知悉，社區管理委員會即向法院起訴請求甲應遷離社區。請問法院於審理本案時，審酌雙方當事人之基本權保障時，應運用下列那一種理論？
(A) 國民主權及參政權之理論
(B) 基本權對國庫行為之效力
(C) 私法自治及契約自由原則
(D) 基本權之第三人效力理論
正解：D

第 11 題
房屋所有權人應提供私有騎樓供公眾通行，得不另發給補償金。關於其法理，下列敘述何者正確？
(A) 未喪失所有權而無須補償
(B) 人民之財產權負有未逾比例原則之社會義務
(C) 缺乏相關補償之法令依據
(D) 基於財政考量而無須補償
正解：B

第 12 題
有關人民之生存權、工作權及財產權應予保障之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 依司法院大法官歷年來之解釋得知，我國現行死刑制度尚難謂牴觸憲法對生存權保障之規定
(B) 財產權之保障並非絕對，惟對於所謂之特別犧牲，國家不僅應予以補償，更應儘速
(C) 為增進公共利益之必要，國家得對人民從事工作之方法、應具備之資格或其他要件，以法律為適當之限制
(D) 一律限制明眼人不得從事按摩業，係屬對視障人士工作權之確保，應屬合憲
正解：D

第 13 題
依司法院大法官解釋，有關宗教自由之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 國家不得對特定之宗教加以獎勵或禁制
(B) 國家不得強迫人民公開其宗教信仰
(C) 國家不得因人民以宗教信仰為由拒絕納稅而處罰之
(D) 國家不得強迫人民參加宗教活動
正解：C

第 14 題
司法院依據憲法規定，並未擁有下列何種權限？
(A) 解釋憲法
(B) 統一解釋法律
(C) 統一解釋命令
(D) 制定法律
正解：D

第 15 題
下列考試中，何者不是考試院掌理的考試？
(A) 普通考試
(B) 高等考試
(C) 專門職業及技術人員考試
(D) 大學入學考試
正解：D

第 16 題
依司法院大法官釋字第472 號，國家為謀社會福利應實施社會保險制度；…惟對於無力繳納保費者，國家應給予適當之救助…。此點為以下何種基本權功能？
(A) 人民的義務
(B) 程序保障功能
(C) 國家保護義務功能
(D) 基本權的防禦功能
正解：C

第 17 題
依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者違反比例原則？
(A) 傳染病防治法規定曾與傳染病病人接觸者，得令遷入指定之處所檢查
(B) 電信法規定未經核准擅自使用無線電頻率者，應予處罰及沒收電信器材
(C) 社會秩序維護法規定無正當理由，跟追他人，經勸阻不聽者，處新臺幣3 千元以下罰鍰或申誡
(D) 所得稅法規定扣繳義務人不按實補報扣繳憑單者，一律按應扣未扣或短扣之稅額處3 倍之罰鍰
正解：D

第 18 題
下列關於我國婚姻與家庭制度之敘述，何者錯誤？
(A) 婚姻自由為憲法所保障之自由權
(B) 民法關於重婚無效之規定，不受憲法之保障
(C) 婚姻與家庭為社會形成與發展之基礎，受憲法制度性保障
(D) 性行為自由受憲法第22 條之保障，並應受婚姻與家庭制度之制約
正解：B

第 19 題
A 股份有限公司股東甲，出具委託書委託他人代理出席股東會後，又以書面及電子方式行使其表決權，在未撤銷其前述委託書、書面以及電子投票之情況下，本人於股東會當天又親自出席股東會議。請問甲之表決權行使究應以何種方式為準？
(A) 委託書
(B) 書面方式
(C) 電子方式
(D) 親自出席
正解：A

第 20 題
關於侵權責任，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 僱用人對受僱人執行職務所生的損害，必須負起疏於監督的侵權責任
(B) 百貨公司對電梯瑕疵所引起顧客的損害，必須負起疏於維護的侵權責任
(C) 定作人對於承攬人因施作勞務所生的損害，必須負起疏於監督的侵權責任
(D) 父母對小孩打破別人窗戶，必須負起疏於監督的侵權責任
正解：C

第 21 題
犯罪人如為累犯，依據刑法第47 條規定，應如何科刑？
(A) 加重本刑至二分之一
(B) 加重本刑至三分之一
(C) 加重本刑至四分之一
(D) 不得加重其刑
正解：A

第 22 題
甲夫乙妻收養丙時，丙已有三歲之子A，則A 與甲、乙之親屬關係為何？
(A) 直系血親
(B) 直系姻親
(C) 旁系血親
(D) 無親屬關係
正解：A

第 23 題
甲受死亡宣告後，生存歸來，經法院撤銷死亡宣告，發現其妻乙已經與丙結婚，請問後婚之效力為何？
(A) 只要乙善意，後婚即有效
(B) 只要丙善意，後婚即有效
(C) 必須乙與丙均善意，後婚才有效
(D) 縱使乙與丙均惡意，後婚仍然有效
正解：C

第 24 題
甲上班途中，向書報攤老闆乙購買報紙1 份，價金10 元。甲給乙10 元硬幣1 枚，乙給甲報紙1 份，請問總共至少有幾個法律行為？
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
正解：C

第 25 題
刑法第122 條第1 項規定「公務員或仲裁人對於違背職務之行為，要求、期約或收受賄賂，或其他不正利益者，處3 年以上10 年以下有期徒刑，得併科7 千元以下罰金。」下列何者並非本條之「公務員」？
(A) 取締違規之交通警察
(B) 戶政事務所承辦戶籍登記案件之人員
(C) 公立醫院負責看診之醫生
(D) 民選之縣市議會議員
正解：C

第 26 題
債權人對於詐害債權之撤銷訴權，自債務人行為時起，最遲應於幾年內行使？
(A) 1 年
(B) 5 年
(C) 10 年
(D) 15 年
正解：D

第 27 題
關於中央法規標準法之內容，以下何者錯誤？
(A) 法律應經立法院通過，總統公布
(B) 法規對某一事項規定適用或準用其他法規之規定者，其他法規修正後，適用或準用修正後之法規
(C) 各機關依其法定職權或基於法律授權訂定之命令，應視其性質分別下達或發布，並即送監察院
(D) 法律得定名為法、律、條例或通則
正解：C

第 28 題
依中央法規標準法之規定，下列何者為法律之名稱：
(A) 辦法
(B) 規則
(C) 通則
(D) 細則
正解：C

第 29 題
法院於審理繼承事件中，進行DNA 檢驗以確認血緣關係之行為，屬法律適用過程的何種活動？
(A) 認定事實
(B) 解釋法律要件
(C) 涵攝事實與法律要件得出法律效果
(D) 執行法律效果
正解：A

第 30 題
所謂「私不舉，官不究」是指司法機關在適用法律時，那一種原則的表現？
(A) 一事不二罰原則
(B) 一事不再理原則
(C) 法官不得類推適用
(D) 不告不理原則
正解：D

第 31 題
The woman sued her company for gender       because she was laid off for her pregnancy.
(A) distinction
(B) discrimination
(C) inspection
(D) examination
正解：B

第 32 題
Mike started a slow recovery process to _____ at home after being hospitalized for a serious stroke for two months.
(A) conciliate
(B) proliferate
(C) rehabilitate
(D) scintillate
正解：A

第 33 題
Many people took       surgery to make themselves look prettier.
(A) electric
(B) historic
(C) realistic
(D) plastic
正解：D

第 34 題
It is customary that Chinese       red color with good luck.
(A) associate
(B) communicate
(C) operate
(D) resolve
正解：A

第 35 題
At the age of 22, Yani Tseng became the youngest golf player to win five major championships. She was said to_____ the golf world.
(A) clench
(B) dominate
(C) engage
(D) humiliateAnimal studies confirm that the relief some of us get from eating sugar is not just psychological—it is an actualbrain-chemistry reaction. In one experiment, Blass and colleagues studied two groups of baby mice who were separatedfrom their mothers and left alone for six minutes. Their resulting “isolation distress” was considered to be a kind ofanimal equivalent to our human version of depression. The depressed mice who were given sugar water cried onlyseventy-five times during their isolation—as compared to the more than three hundred cries that came from the mice leftalone with no sweet treat to alleviate their emotional pain. Apparently, the young mice were literally “medicating” theirdepression with sugar.Why did sugar have this remarkable effect? Researchers thought that perhaps the sweet food stimulated the releaseof extra beta-endorphin molecules. Since these molecules help us cope with physical and emotional pain, the sugar had aliterally soothing effect. Researchers confirmed their theory by giving both groups of mice Naltrexone, a drug that blocksbeta-endorphin receptors. If you take Naltrexone, it does not matter how many beta-endorphins you release—you will notget any relief from pain. Sure enough, when the sugar-fed mice were given Naltrexone, they lost all interest in the sweetsubstance, suggesting that their only reason for their sweet tooth had been to stimulate the release of beta-endorphins.Numbed by Naltrexone, both groups of mice cried equally often. The poor baby mice were still depressed—but noweven sugar could not make them feel better.請依上文回答第36 題至第39 題
正解：B

第 36 題
What is the passage mainly about?
(A) People can medicate their depression with sugar.
(B) Baby mice suffered so much from isolation that they should be given some sweet food to relieve their pain.
(C) The soothing effect of sugar is not just something psychological but has a lot to do with an actual chemicalreaction.
(D) The result of the mice experiment suggests that people should take more sweet substances to cope withdepression.
正解：C

第 37 題
Which of the following statements about the experiment is true?
(A) “Isolation distress” was caused by lack of sweet treat.
(B) Sugar helped the depressed mice to cope with isolation distress.
(C) The depressed mice who were given no sugar water all died of depression.
(D) The depressed mice who were given sugar water cried hundreds of times.

第 38 題
According to the article, why does sugar have a soothing effect?
(A) Sweet food can block beta-endorphin receptors.
(B) Sweet food can numb the mice so that they feel no pain.
(C) Sweet food can stimulate the release of beta-endorphins, which help alleviate physical and emotional pain.
(D) Sweet food can stimulate the release of Naltrexone, which helps alleviate physical and emotional pain.
正解：A

第 39 題
How did researchers confirm their theory about the remarkable effect of sugar?
(A) They stopped feeding both groups of mice any more sugar.
(B) They found that both groups of mice lost interest in the sweet food.
(C) They gave both groups of mice a drug that blocks the release of beta-endorphins.
(D) They measured the amount of beta-endorphins released in the blood of the mice.
正解：C

第 40 題
With the unemployment rate rising, the President has appointed an _____ committee to deal with the problem.
(A) ad hoc
(B) ad infinitum
(C) adjacent
(D) adjunct
正解：A

第 41 題
After the disastrous flooding in Thailand, the dead poultry and the messy environment are now a _____ threat ofinfectious disease.
(A) flattering
(B) caculating
(C) looming
(D) yielding
正解：B

第 42 題
The government officials promised to find out who should have been held _____ for the 250 deaths in the planecrash tragedy.
(A) accountable
(B) discernable
(C) indispensable
(D) vulnerable
正解：A

第 43 題
The photo awards are not so much about the award winners as about the power of a photograph, simple andunadorned, to tell a story in ways that words cannot.
(A) The photo awards are given to the winners who can inspire the power of pictures they take.
(B) The photo awards are more a celebration of the power of photographs than the talents of photographers.
(C) The photo awards are given to those who can tell simple and straightforward stories.
(D) Those who cannot tell a story in ways that words cannot will be the winners in the photo contest.
正解：A

第 44 題
Poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient.
(A) Poetry is as universal as language and is almost as old as language.
(B) Poetry is almost as universal as an ancient language.
(C) Poetry is almost as old as a universal language.
(D) Poetry is as old as language and is almost as universal as language.
正解：A

第 45 題
Museums should not only be a place to see art but, thanks to their architectural quality, should be an aestheticexperience in themselves.
(A) More than a place to display art, museums themselves are recognized as a piece of art.
(B) People can experience a trip of beauty if they know the value of architectural quality.
(C) Items displayed in museums are installed in the buildings by skillful architects.
(D) Architecture is by nature a form of art that is part of museum collections.
正解：B

第 46 題
It is considered common knowledge that rocks are stationary objects that have stayed put for thousands of years.
(A) It is commonly known that rocks are things staying unmoved at the same place for ages.
(B) It is well known that stationery which is made with stones can stay and last for a very long time.
(C) As we have studied rocks for so many years, knowledge of rocks is considered to be ordinary and general.
(D) It is shocking to find that so many big stones have been piled up in the area for thousands of years.
正解：C

第 47 題
With the company struggling for many years, Mr. Smith finally sold it to a competitor at a fire-sale price.
(A) Though the business was in trouble, Mr. Smith would not sell his company to another competitor.
(B) In spite of having made efforts to improve his business, Mr. Smith sold it to another company at a very low price.
(C) The competitor set a fire to burn down Mr. Smith’s company, but he worked hard and managed to save it.
(D) Mr. Smith worked so hard for the company; despite this, he was fired in the end due to slow economy.We are taught not to judge a book by its cover. But studies of brain seem to suggest that this is exactly what we do inour everyday life; our default cognitive system is configured to choose novel things over the old ones and beautiful thingsover plain-looking ones.Bianca Wittmann, a British neuroscientist, scanned the brains of 20 video game players while they played a game inwhich the goal was to accumulate money. In each trial of the game, four pictures were presented to the participants, witheach featuring a different mountain view. The participants were then asked to choose one picture. After the game had goneon for a while, the participants would realize that one of the four pictures, if chosen, would grant the participants a cashpayoff. Wittmann observed that every time the participants selected an image that would lead to a monetary reward, theneurons or brain cells in a region in their brain called “the striatum”—known to process feelings of pleasure andreward—were activated in anticipation of their cash prize. At one point of the game, Wittmann added new pictures ofsimilar mountain views to each trial. Interestingly, instead of choosing the “old” images that would grant them the cashreward, the participants, including the known moneymakers, chose the novel images over the old ones nearly in all cases.Furthermore, the neurons in the striatum were activated as they chose the novel images.According to Wittmann, this means that the participants treated these novel images with the same degree ofexcitement, suggesting that our desire to explore new experiences and things perks up the reward system of our brains. So,what is the implication of this finding for marketers of a given product? Well, marketers may be able to bolster the salesof the product simply by repackaging it. Wittmann also warned marketers that although novelty may temporarily boostthe sales, they would go down once the customers learn that nothing but the packaging has changed.請依上文回答第48 題至第50 題
正解：A

第 48 題
What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
(A) Never judge a book by its cover.
(B) Do not deceive your consumers.
(C) Our brains like new things.
(D) There is an alternative way to look into our consumption behaviors.
正解：D

第 49 題
What does the underlined word “bolster” in the last paragraph mean?
(A) Promote
(B) Control
(C) Supplement
(D) Boycott
正解：A

第 50 題
Which of the following statements best captures the author’s view on repackaging old products as a marketingstrategy?
(A) It will not help promote the products at all.
(B) The author has contradictory ideas about the effect of this marketing strategy.
(C) It is a great strategy that can perfectly exploit consumers’ fascination with things they consider fresh.
(D) It is an effective way to boost the sales of products, but it can only attract the consumers’ interest for a short term.
正解：A

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