化學工程 108 年法學知識與英文考古題（共 50 題）
資料來源：考選部歷屆試題｜法律人 LawPlayer 整理
https://lawplayer.com/exam/chemical-engineering/108-legal-knowledge-english

第 1 題
關於人民違反行政法上義務之裁罰，下列何者得由行政機關依職權以命令訂之？
(A) 處罰對象
(B) 處罰之法律效果
(C) 裁罰基準
(D) 處罰之構成要件
正解：C

第 2 題
依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於徵收私人土地所應踐行之正當行政程序，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 不僅適用於徵收前及徵收時，亦應擴及於徵收後之階段
(B) 徵收計畫確定前，應給予土地所有權人陳述意見之機會
(C) 徵收核准時，應踐行徵收處分公告及書面通知土地所有權人之程序
(D) 徵收完成後，應即時公告被徵收土地所有權移轉登記辦理完竣資訊
正解：D

第 3 題
關於性行為自由，依司法院大法官解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 個人是否以及與何人發生性行為之自由，受憲法第22 條保障
(B) 為維護性行為自由，國家不得對於婚姻外性行為施以刑事制裁
(C) 為維護婚姻與家庭制度，國家得對於婚姻外性行為施以刑事制裁
(D) 我國刑法第239 條所規定之通姦罪並未違背比例原則
正解：B

第 4 題
依司法院釋字第689 號解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 依正當法律程序原則，人民權利受侵害時，應有司法救濟之機會
(B) 警察機關就無正當理由之跟追行為，經勸阻而不聽者，須由法官核定後，始得裁罰跟追人
(C) 新聞採訪自由並非僅保障隸屬於新聞機構之新聞記者之採訪行為
(D) 個人縱於公共場域中，亦應享有依社會通念得不受他人持續注視、監看等侵擾私人活動領域之權利
正解：B

第 5 題
依司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列何者非憲法服公職權之保障主體？
(A) 立法委員
(B) 國立大學專任教授
(C) 志願役預備士官
(D) 退休公務人員
正解：B

第 6 題
依司法院釋字第736 號解釋，下列敘述何者正確？
(A) 教師因學校年終成績考核留支原薪，認其權利或法律上利益受侵害時，得向法院請求救濟
(B) 教師不服再申訴決定者，僅得依法提起訴願
(C) 教師因學校教師評量，認其權利或法律上利益受侵害時，仍不得向法院請求救濟
(D) 基於大學自治，大學教師之權利因學校具體措施遭受侵害時，僅能尋求大學內部管道救濟
正解：A

第 7 題
憲法增修條文第4 條第2 項「各政黨當選名單中，婦女不得低於二分之一」之規定，涉及下列何種基本權利？
(A) 選舉權
(B) 創制權
(C) 複決權
(D) 公民投票權
正解：A

第 8 題
依司法院釋字第448 號解釋之見解，我國法院之審判系統係採行：
(A) 一級一審制度
(B) 二級二審制度
(C) 一元訴訟制度
(D) 二元訴訟制度
正解：D

第 9 題
下列那一種案件類型，非屬我國憲法中司法權之行使範圍？
(A) 訴願之決定
(B) 行政訴訟之審判
(C) 公務員之懲戒
(D) 解釋憲法
正解：A

第 10 題
依司法院釋字第485 號解釋，促進民生福祉乃憲法基本原則之一，其依據不包括下列何者？
(A) 憲法基本國策之規定
(B) 憲法前言
(C) 憲法增修條文第10 條之規定
(D) 憲法第15 條生存權保障之規定
正解：D

第 11 題
依司法院釋字第613 號解釋，關於宣告國家通訊傳播委員會組織法部分條文違憲之理由，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 剝奪總統之提名權
(B) 違反通訊傳播自由之意旨
(C) 違反責任政治
(D) 實質上幾近完全剝奪行政院之人事決定權
正解：A

第 12 題
依司法院大法官解釋，法律不許薪資所得者於該年度之必要費用超過法定扣除額時，得以列舉或其他方式減除之規定，違反下列何者？
(A) 租稅法律主義
(B) 量能課稅原則
(C) 實質課稅原則
(D) 比例原則
正解：B

第 13 題
依據憲法增修條文之規定，下列何者並非立法院之職權？
(A) 行使考試委員及考選部部長、銓敘部部長之同意權
(B) 提出總統、副總統彈劾案
(C) 聽取總統國情報告
(D) 提出領土變更案
正解：A

第 14 題
關於司法院院長之職權，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 綜理院務
(B) 主持大法官會議，而當決議可否同數時，取決於主席
(C) 監督所屬機關
(D) 為集思廣益，研商重要事項，得召開司法院會議
正解：B

第 15 題
根據憲法增修條文之規定，下列何者之任期為憲法所明文保障？
(A) 行政院院長
(B) 監察院院長
(C) 考試院院長
(D) 司法院院長
正解：B

第 16 題
下列何者具有母法與子法的關係？
(A) 消費者保護法與消費者保護法施行細則
(B) 民法與民事訴訟法
(C) 公司法與證券交易法
(D) 刑法與陸海空軍刑法
正解：A

第 17 題
依憲法增修條文規定，下列何者提出憲法修正案之後，由中華民國自由地區選舉人依規定投票複決？
(A) 總統
(B) 立法院
(C) 行政院
(D) 公民投票審議委員會
正解：B

第 18 題
關於法律解釋，下列何者正確？
(A) 學理解釋屬於有權解釋
(B) 刑罰必須遵守罪刑法定原則，故禁止類推解釋
(C) 依照法律條文字義所為之解釋，稱為論理解釋
(D) 不拘泥於法律條文的字義，而以整體法律秩序為基礎，闡明法律真意的解釋方法，稱為限縮解釋
正解：B

第 19 題
甲將其收藏之臺灣畫家陳澄波的畫作出賣與乙，乙非因過失不知該畫係屬贗品，惟甲可得而知其事。越一年，乙發現上開情事，擬撤銷其意思表示，下列何者正確？
(A) 乙得以物之性質，在交易上認為重要者為由，於發現錯誤後一年內，撤銷其錯誤之意思表示
(B) 乙依民法錯誤之規定撤銷其意思表示後，對於甲應負損害賠償責任
(C) 乙就該錯誤或不知事情，沒有過失，其撤銷權自意思表示後，經過十年而消滅
(D) 乙不得依民法詐欺之規定撤銷其意思表示
正解：D

第 20 題
下列何者適用行政程序法之程序規定？
(A) 主管機關與公費生簽訂行政契約
(B) 考選部關於國家考試之命題行為
(C) 外國人出入境事項
(D) 行政機關對所屬公務人員為記過一次之懲處
正解：A

第 21 題
關於法律不溯及既往原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 新訂之法規，原則上不得適用於該法規生效前業已終結之事實或法律關係
(B) 倘新法規所規範之法律關係，跨越新、舊法規施行時期，而構成要件事實於新法規生效施行後始完全實現者，除法規別有規定外，應適用新法規
(C) 將新法規適用於舊法規施行時期內已發生，且於新法規施行後始終結之事實或法律關係，乃新法規之溯及適用，若有減損規範對象既存之有利法律地位或可得預期之利益，為法律不溯及既往原則所禁止
(D) 如法律有溯及適用之特別規定，且溯及適用之結果有利於人民者，非法律不溯及既往原則所禁止
正解：C

第 22 題
依消費者保護法規定，關於消費者健康與安全之保障，下列敘述，何者錯誤？
(A) 商品具有危險性者，應於明顯處為警告標示及緊急處理危險之方法
(B) 從事改裝、分裝商品或變更服務內容之企業經營者，若對於損害之防免已盡相當之注意，或縱加以相當之注意而仍不免發生損害者，不須與設計、生產、製造商品或提供服務之企業經營者，負連帶賠償責任
(C) 商品或服務不得僅因其後有較佳之商品或服務，而被視為不符合商品流通進入市場或服務提供當時，科技或專業水準可合理期待之安全性
(D) 企業經營者所為必要之處理，若足以除去商品或服務對消費者安全與健康之危害，即不須回收該批商品或停止其服務
正解：B

第 23 題
依性別工作平等法第15 條之規定，下列何者非屬雇主應使其停止工作，給予產假之情形？
(A) 女性受僱者分娩前後
(B) 女性受僱者妊娠三個月以上流產者
(C) 女性受僱者妊娠未滿二個月流產者
(D) 女性受僱者經醫生診斷需安胎休養者
正解：D

第 24 題
關於法規制定或訂定之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 行政機關研擬之法規命令草案原則上應預先公告
(B) 法規命令之訂定，得由人民或團體提議為之
(C) 立法者制定法律，因其係代表民意，故不受正當程序之限制
(D) 法律之制定或法規命令之訂定，應踐行公布或發布程序
正解：C

第 25 題
有關向立法院提出法律案、預算案提案權之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 預算案關係到國家整體運作，僅行政院始得提出
(B) 依據憲法規定，針對法律案、戒嚴案、條約案等，行政院有提案權
(C) 依據憲法規定，針對所掌事項，考試院得向立法院提出法律案
(D) 監察院並無法律案之提案權
正解：D

第 26 題
關於給付行政措施是否適用法律保留原則之問題，下列敘述何者正確？
(A) 不適用法律保留原則
(B) 有法定預算作為依據即符合法律保留原則
(C) 應以法律規定
(D) 如涉及公共利益或實現人民基本權利之保障等重大事項者，原則上仍適用法律保留原則
正解：D

第 27 題
內政部曾依據戶籍法規定要求國民於請領身分證時應按指紋並儲存，此等作法違反下列何種原則？
(A) 比例原則
(B) 信賴保護原則
(C) 平等原則
(D) 誠信原則
正解：A

第 28 題
依著作權法之規定，下列何者於利用他人著作時無需明示出處？
(A) 因立法或行政目的重製他人著作
(B) 因司法目的重製他人著作
(C) 因授課需要重製他人著作
(D) 圖書館、博物館等就收藏著作之重製
正解：D

第 29 題
有關我國勞動基準法對於工資之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 雇主對勞工不得因性別而有差別之待遇
(B) 工作相同、效率相同者，給付同等之工資
(C) 雇主得約定預扣勞工工資作為違約金或賠償費用
(D) 雇主不按期給付工資者，主管機關得限期令其給付
正解：C

第 30 題
有關性別工作平等法第15 條第5 項規定之陪產假，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 受僱者於其配偶分娩時，得請求陪產假
(B) 受僱者於未婚妻分娩時，亦得請求陪產假
(C) 受僱者應於配偶分娩之當日及其前後合計15 日期間內，擇其中之5 日請假
(D) 受僱者請陪產假期間，雇主薪資照給
正解：B

第 31 題
To reduce the risk that someone mightembarrassing data from the USB flash drive you ditched, you canrun a disk wipe utility to make sure that no data is left on the flash drive.
(A) salvage
(B) investigate
(C) reduce
(D) temper
正解：A

第 32 題
The job provides fantastic benefits, including insurance, meals, vacations, and. Thus, a retirement plan isin place.tension
(B) ransom
(C) resume
(D) pension
正解：D

第 33 題
The school has held a number of talks and workshops on the topic of peer support and peer respect totheidea of a bully-free campus.
(A) boycott
(B) denounce
(C) reinforce
(D) trespass
正解：C

第 34 題
It was quite a scene at the party that Jerry spoketo Martin in every possible way trying to make a fool ofhim in front of the pretty woman they were both interested in.
(A) courteously
(B) provisionally
(C) sarcastically
(D) cordially
正解：C

第 35 題
The tendonitis in my wrists and shoulders starts toafter I work on computer for long periods of time. Itcan be very painful.
(A) act up
(B) sit up
(C) catch up
(D) go up
正解：A

第 36 題
Nowadays kids are playing sports more _____ at younger ages; they are pushing their bodies to the limit,practicing sports too hard for too long.
(A) aggressively
(B) defensively
(C) elegantly
(D) persuasively依下文回答第37 題至第40 題The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets.And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job toattack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy.
正解：A

第 37 題
There is even talkof biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

第 38 題
But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundredbattles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way todo that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

第 39 題
Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do theattacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during timesof bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is beingextended.

第 40 題
The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug calledipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.37
(A) The troops on the front will be no untested conscripts, experienced marines and special forces.
(B) But so far the patient has no clear sense of the cancer, its treatment and recovery.
(C) As in real warfare, those weapons may be conventional, chemical or nuclear.
(D) But some tumors prove unknowable and unconquerable.38
(A) They all suffer from the same drawback.
(B) This is all well and good as strategies go.
(C) In the original trials, all proved inefficient.
(D) Among the aforementioned weapons, the best are viruses.39
(A) This is bad news for all cancer patients.
(B) Sun Tzu would surely have approved.
(C) If such approaches are confirmed, cancers will be nowhere to find.
(D) That, in an oncological context, is where immunotherapy comes in.40
(A) More Chinese herbs are being brought in to treat all cancers.
(B) More effective versions are being brought to bear on melanoma.
(C) More viruses are being brought in to treat melanoma.
(D) More warriors are being brought in to treat melanoma.依下文回答第41 題至第45 題Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote inorder to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes themyths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sectionsof Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions,pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce thesubjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jasonand the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar andmorphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presentingstudents with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader.In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First LatinReader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercisesfound in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volumewas prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition ofRitchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the FabulaeGraecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even moreaccessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.
正解：B

第 41 題
According to the passage, who are the target readers of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles?
(A) Beginning students of Latin.
(B) Intermediate students of Latin.
(C) Advanced students of Latin.
(D) Native speakers of Latin.
正解：B

第 42 題
How many editions of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles are there?
(A) One.
(B) Two.
(C) Three.
(D) Four.
正解：D

第 43 題
Which of the following statements about Fabulae Faciles is NOT true?
(A) It is a graded Latin reader.
(B) It was first published in the nineteenth century.
(C) It consists of roughly 100 paragraphs.
(D) It is intended be read after Caesar's Gallic War.
正解：D

第 44 題
(A)He always disrupted his neighbors’ work during the day.
(B)He also helped to wake his neighbors up when there was a need.
(C)He got very grumpy and everybody was annoyed with him.
(D)He got very ill and could not work at all.
(A) He always disrupted his neighbors’ work during the day.
(B) He also helped to wake his neighbors up when there was a need.
(C) He got very grumpy and everybody was annoyed with him.
(D) He got very ill and could not work at all.
正解：B

第 45 題
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
(A) This 2012 edition can only be purchased from the Internet.
(B) It is still possible to find the first two editions online now.
(C) The 1991 edition is out of print now.
(D) The new edition is more suitable for all levels of Latin learners.依下文回答第46 題至第50 題Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world areincreasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bankaccounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a hugeshare of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so manyhundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers havefallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believethe password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “Werealized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have onlyrecently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial anderror: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could bescuttled by background noise or laryngitis.Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, abank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but theirefforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found theirways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.
正解：B

第 46 題
Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude toward the use of biometrics to safeguard bankaccounts?
(A) optimistic
(B) pessimistic
(C) picky
(D) skeptical
正解：D

第 47 題
Which of the following statements about the banking password is NOT true?
(A) The banking password may be about to expire forever.
(B) The banking password has been replaced by biometrics for two decades.
(C) The banking password is not secure anymore.
(D) The data breaches of banking are increasing.
正解：B

第 48 題
According to the passage, which of the following is most likely to endanger the system of biometrics tosafeguard bank accounts?
(A) Smartphones are not to become ubiquitous.
(B) A facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting.
(C) Voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.
(D) Criminals could eventually find ways to steal biometric data.
正解：D

第 49 題
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) Banking customers' psychological reactions to the use of biometrics.
(B) Some banks have tried the use of biometrics.
(C) To use the biometrics, a great deal of trial and error must be undergone.
(D) The distribution of the biometrics technology to the banking customers is costly.
正解：A

第 50 題
When was the use of fingerprints to log into bank accounts first introduced?
(A) Before the 2000s.
(B) During the 2010s.
(C) After the 2020s.
(D) During the 2030s.
正解：B

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