商業行政 108 年法學知識與英文考古題（共 50 題）
資料來源：考選部歷屆試題｜法律人 LawPlayer 整理
https://lawplayer.com/exam/commercial-administration/108-legal-knowledge-english

第 1 題
關於人民違反行政法上義務之裁罰，下列何者得由行政機關依職權以命令訂之？
(A) 處罰對象
(B) 處罰之法律效果
(C) 裁罰基準
(D) 處罰之構成要件
正解：C

第 2 題
依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於徵收私人土地所應踐行之正當行政程序，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 不僅適用於徵收前及徵收時，亦應擴及於徵收後之階段
(B) 徵收計畫確定前，應給予土地所有權人陳述意見之機會
(C) 徵收核准時，應踐行徵收處分公告及書面通知土地所有權人之程序
(D) 徵收完成後，應即時公告被徵收土地所有權移轉登記辦理完竣資訊
正解：D

第 3 題
關於性行為自由，依司法院大法官解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 個人是否以及與何人發生性行為之自由，受憲法第22 條保障
(B) 為維護性行為自由，國家不得對於婚姻外性行為施以刑事制裁
(C) 為維護婚姻與家庭制度，國家得對於婚姻外性行為施以刑事制裁
(D) 我國刑法第239 條所規定之通姦罪並未違背比例原則
正解：B

第 4 題
下列何者非屬憲法增修條文第10 條明定之內容？
(A) 中小型經濟事業之扶助
(B) 促進現代和傳統醫藥之研究發展
(C) 國民體育健康活動之促進
(D) 保障軍人退役後之就學
正解：C

第 5 題
依司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列何者非憲法服公職權之保障主體？
(A) 立法委員
(B) 國立大學專任教授
(C) 志願役預備士官
(D) 退休公務人員
正解：B

第 6 題
下列何者並非保障言論自由的主要目的？
(A) 追求真理
(B) 維持社會秩序
(C) 健全民主程序
(D) 促進自我實現
正解：B

第 7 題
憲法增修條文第4 條第2 項「各政黨當選名單中，婦女不得低於二分之一」之規定，涉及下列何種基本權利？
(A) 選舉權
(B) 創制權
(C) 複決權
(D) 公民投票權
正解：A

第 8 題
依司法院釋字第448 號解釋之見解，我國法院之審判系統係採行：
(A) 一級一審制度
(B) 二級二審制度
(C) 一元訴訟制度
(D) 二元訴訟制度
正解：D

第 9 題
下列關於選舉、罷免、創制、複決之事項，何者憲法並未明文授權以法律定之？
(A) 各種選舉婦女應當選之名額
(B) 人民被選舉之資格
(C) 選舉訴訟審判之程序
(D) 創制、複決之行使
正解：C

第 10 題
依司法院釋字第485 號解釋，促進民生福祉乃憲法基本原則之一，其依據不包括下列何者？
(A) 憲法基本國策之規定
(B) 憲法前言
(C) 憲法增修條文第10 條之規定
(D) 憲法第15 條生存權保障之規定
正解：D

第 11 題
依司法院釋字第520 號解釋，行政院因重要政策變更涉及法定預算之停止執行，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 行政院院長應向立法院提出報告
(B) 行政院院長或有關部會首長應至立法院備質詢
(C) 立法院反對行政院停止執行預算之決議，具有確認法定預算之作用
(D) 行政院如不願接受立法院之反對決議，行政院院長應即辭職
正解：D

第 12 題
依司法院大法官解釋，法律不許薪資所得者於該年度之必要費用超過法定扣除額時，得以列舉或其他方式減除之規定，違反下列何者？
(A) 租稅法律主義
(B) 量能課稅原則
(C) 實質課稅原則
(D) 比例原則
正解：B

第 13 題
依司法院大法官解釋，關於法官聲請釋憲，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 依法公布施行之法律，法官應以其為審判之依據，故不得認定法律為違憲而逕行拒絕適用
(B) 法官於審理案件時，對於應適用之法律，依其合理之確信，認為有牴觸憲法之疑義者，應許其先行聲請解釋憲法
(C) 為避免法官濫用聲請解釋憲法權限，故僅限於終審法院之法官方得聲請之
(D) 欲聲請大法官解釋時，須以其為先決問題裁定停止訴訟程序，並提出客觀上形成確信法律為違憲之具體理由
正解：C

第 14 題
下列有關監察院職權之敘述，何者錯誤？
(A) 監察院享有調查權
(B) 監察院不得向立法院提出法律案
(C) 監察院不得向立法院提出預算案
(D) 監察院受理特定公職人員之財產申報
正解：B

第 15 題
依司法院釋字第550 號解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 法律之實施須由地方負擔經費者，立法院應予地方政府人員列席此類立法程序表示意見之機會
(B) 全民健康保險法第27 條所定之補助各類被保險人保險費之比例，屬於立法裁量事項
(C) 全民健康保險法第27 條規定由地方自治團體補助之保險費，係指實施全民健康保險法之執行費用
(D) 對地方負有協力義務之全民健康保險事項，中央得依據法律使地方分擔保險費之補助
正解：C

第 16 題
下列有關國際法與國內法之敘述，何者錯誤？
(A) 聯合國憲章為國際法
(B) 涉外民事法律適用法為國內法
(C) 國際法效力優於國內法
(D) 國際條約經國內立法機關同意後直接拘束國內各機關
正解：C

第 17 題
法律禁止溯及既往原則，係屬法律之何種效力限制？
(A) 人的效力
(B) 物的效力
(C) 地的效力
(D) 時的效力
正解：D

第 18 題
我國性別工作平等法中所訂「育嬰留職停薪」制度之適用人數門檻是：
(A) 僱用員工50 人以上之事業單位
(B) 僱用員工30 人以上之事業單位
(C) 沒有僱用員工人數之上限
(D) 僱用員工15 人以上之事業單位
正解：C

第 19 題
依中央法規標準法之規定，下列何者非應廢止法規之情形？
(A) 機關裁併，有關法規無保留之必要
(B) 同一事項有數法規規定者
(C) 法規規定之事項因情勢變遷，無繼續施行之必要者
(D) 法規因有關法規之廢止或修正致失其依據，而無單獨施行之必要者
正解：B

第 20 題
下列何者適用行政程序法之程序規定？
(A) 主管機關與公費生簽訂行政契約
(B) 考選部關於國家考試之命題行為
(C) 外國人出入境事項
(D) 行政機關對所屬公務人員為記過一次之懲處
正解：A

第 21 題
關於法律不溯及既往原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A) 新訂之法規，原則上不得適用於該法規生效前業已終結之事實或法律關係
(B) 倘新法規所規範之法律關係，跨越新、舊法規施行時期，而構成要件事實於新法規生效施行後始完全實現者，除法規別有規定外，應適用新法規
(C) 將新法規適用於舊法規施行時期內已發生，且於新法規施行後始終結之事實或法律關係，乃新法規之溯及適用，若有減損規範對象既存之有利法律地位或可得預期之利益，為法律不溯及既往原則所禁止
(D) 如法律有溯及適用之特別規定，且溯及適用之結果有利於人民者，非法律不溯及既往原則所禁止
正解：C

第 22 題
依司法院大法官解釋意旨，偵查中之犯罪嫌疑人及其辯護人僅受告知羈押事由所據之事實，最可能違反下列何種原則？
(A) 正當法律程序原則
(B) 信賴保護原則
(C) 比例原則
(D) 誠實信用原則
正解：A

第 23 題
人民有依法律納稅之義務，此與下列何項憲法原則關係最為密切？
(A) 權力分立原則
(B) 法治國原則
(C) 社會國原則
(D) 共和國原則
正解：B

第 24 題
依民法規定，下列何者有受限制的行為能力？
(A) 已結婚之18 歲甲男
(B) 受監護宣告之40 歲乙女
(C) 受輔助宣告之60 歲丙男
(D) 30 歲之植物人丁男
正解：C

第 25 題
依民法規定，下列何者非屬貸與人得終止使用借貸契約之事由？
(A) 借用人受監護宣告者
(B) 貸與人因不可預知之情事，自己需用借用物者
(C) 借用人未經貸與人同意允許第三人使用借用物者
(D) 因借用人怠於善良管理人注意，致借用物毀損或有毀損之虞者
正解：A

第 26 題
甲、乙夫妻未約定夫妻財產制，甲積欠銀行卡債新臺幣500 萬元，尚積欠地下錢莊新臺幣20 萬元。下列何種狀況，不能向法院聲請宣告改用分別財產制？
(A) 甲名下的財產不足清償其債務，乙欲向法院聲請宣告改用分別財產制
(B) 銀行法務得知乙婚後購得房屋一棟，欲聲請法院宣告甲、乙改採分別財產制，再進一步代位甲行使剩餘財產分配請求權
(C) 甲每月花新臺幣20 萬元包養外遇對象，對乙之剩餘財產分配請求權有侵害之虞時，乙欲向法院聲請宣告改用分別財產制
(D) 甲四處躲債，且時常有黑道上門恐嚇討債，導致甲、乙難於維持共同生活，不同居已達1 年，乙欲向法院聲請宣告改用分別財產制
正解：B

第 27 題
甲、乙、丙共有L 地，分割為L1、L2 及L3 三地，分別由甲、乙及丙取得單獨所有。丙的L3 與公路無適宜的聯絡，致不能為通常使用。下列敘述何者正確？
(A) 丙得通行L1 或L2 而不須支付費用
(B) 甲、乙均得拒絕丙的通行
(C) 丙須支付費用始得要求通行L1 或L2
(D) 當事人就通行費用不能合意時，得聲請法院定之
正解：A

第 28 題
依著作權法之規定，下列何者於利用他人著作時無需明示出處？
(A) 因立法或行政目的重製他人著作
(B) 因司法目的重製他人著作
(C) 因授課需要重製他人著作
(D) 圖書館、博物館等就收藏著作之重製
正解：D

第 29 題
有關我國勞動基準法對於工資之敘述，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 雇主對勞工不得因性別而有差別之待遇
(B) 工作相同、效率相同者，給付同等之工資
(C) 雇主得約定預扣勞工工資作為違約金或賠償費用
(D) 雇主不按期給付工資者，主管機關得限期令其給付
正解：C

第 30 題
有關性別工作平等法第15 條第5 項規定之陪產假，下列何者錯誤？
(A) 受僱者於其配偶分娩時，得請求陪產假
(B) 受僱者於未婚妻分娩時，亦得請求陪產假
(C) 受僱者應於配偶分娩之當日及其前後合計15 日期間內，擇其中之5 日請假
(D) 受僱者請陪產假期間，雇主薪資照給
正解：B

第 31 題
To reduce the risk that someone mightembarrassing data from the USB flash drive you ditched, you canrun a disk wipe utility to make sure that no data is left on the flash drive.
(A) salvage
(B) investigate
(C) reduce
(D) temper
正解：A

第 32 題
The job provides fantastic benefits, including insurance, meals, vacations, and. Thus, a retirement plan isin place.tension
(B) ransom
(C) resume
(D) pension
正解：D

第 33 題
The school has held a number of talks and workshops on the topic of peer support and peer respect totheidea of a bully-free campus.
(A) boycott
(B) denounce
(C) reinforce
(D) trespass
正解：C

第 34 題
It was quite a scene at the party that Jerry spoketo Martin in every possible way trying to make a fool ofhim in front of the pretty woman they were both interested in.
(A) courteously
(B) provisionally
(C) sarcastically
(D) cordially
正解：C

第 35 題
The tendonitis in my wrists and shoulders starts toafter I work on computer for long periods of time. Itcan be very painful.
(A) act up
(B) sit up
(C) catch up
(D) go up
正解：A

第 36 題
Nowadays kids are playing sports more _____ at younger ages; they are pushing their bodies to the limit,practicing sports too hard for too long.
(A) aggressively
(B) defensively
(C) elegantly
(D) persuasively依下文回答第37 題至第40 題The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets.And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job toattack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy.
正解：A

第 37 題
There is even talkof biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

第 38 題
But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundredbattles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way todo that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

第 39 題
Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do theattacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during timesof bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is beingextended.

第 40 題
The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug calledipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.37
(A) The troops on the front will be no untested conscripts, experienced marines and special forces.
(B) But so far the patient has no clear sense of the cancer, its treatment and recovery.
(C) As in real warfare, those weapons may be conventional, chemical or nuclear.
(D) But some tumors prove unknowable and unconquerable.38
(A) They all suffer from the same drawback.
(B) This is all well and good as strategies go.
(C) In the original trials, all proved inefficient.
(D) Among the aforementioned weapons, the best are viruses.39
(A) This is bad news for all cancer patients.
(B) Sun Tzu would surely have approved.
(C) If such approaches are confirmed, cancers will be nowhere to find.
(D) That, in an oncological context, is where immunotherapy comes in.40
(A) More Chinese herbs are being brought in to treat all cancers.
(B) More effective versions are being brought to bear on melanoma.
(C) More viruses are being brought in to treat melanoma.
(D) More warriors are being brought in to treat melanoma.依下文回答第41 題至第45 題Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote inorder to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes themyths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sectionsof Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions,pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce thesubjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jasonand the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar andmorphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presentingstudents with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader.In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First LatinReader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercisesfound in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volumewas prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition ofRitchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the FabulaeGraecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even moreaccessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.
正解：B

第 41 題
According to the passage, who are the target readers of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles?
(A) Beginning students of Latin.
(B) Intermediate students of Latin.
(C) Advanced students of Latin.
(D) Native speakers of Latin.
正解：B

第 42 題
How many editions of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles are there?
(A) One.
(B) Two.
(C) Three.
(D) Four.
正解：D

第 43 題
Which of the following statements about Fabulae Faciles is NOT true?
(A) It is a graded Latin reader.
(B) It was first published in the nineteenth century.
(C) It consists of roughly 100 paragraphs.
(D) It is intended be read after Caesar's Gallic War.
正解：D

第 44 題
(A)He always disrupted his neighbors’ work during the day.
(B)He also helped to wake his neighbors up when there was a need.
(C)He got very grumpy and everybody was annoyed with him.
(D)He got very ill and could not work at all.
(A) He always disrupted his neighbors’ work during the day.
(B) He also helped to wake his neighbors up when there was a need.
(C) He got very grumpy and everybody was annoyed with him.
(D) He got very ill and could not work at all.
正解：B

第 45 題
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
(A) This 2012 edition can only be purchased from the Internet.
(B) It is still possible to find the first two editions online now.
(C) The 1991 edition is out of print now.
(D) The new edition is more suitable for all levels of Latin learners.依下文回答第46 題至第50 題Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world areincreasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bankaccounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a hugeshare of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so manyhundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers havefallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believethe password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “Werealized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have onlyrecently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial anderror: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could bescuttled by background noise or laryngitis.Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, abank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but theirefforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found theirways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.
正解：B

第 46 題
Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude toward the use of biometrics to safeguard bankaccounts?
(A) optimistic
(B) pessimistic
(C) picky
(D) skeptical
正解：D

第 47 題
Which of the following statements about the banking password is NOT true?
(A) The banking password may be about to expire forever.
(B) The banking password has been replaced by biometrics for two decades.
(C) The banking password is not secure anymore.
(D) The data breaches of banking are increasing.
正解：B

第 48 題
According to the passage, which of the following is most likely to endanger the system of biometrics tosafeguard bank accounts?
(A) Smartphones are not to become ubiquitous.
(B) A facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting.
(C) Voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.
(D) Criminals could eventually find ways to steal biometric data.
正解：D

第 49 題
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) Banking customers' psychological reactions to the use of biometrics.
(B) Some banks have tried the use of biometrics.
(C) To use the biometrics, a great deal of trial and error must be undergone.
(D) The distribution of the biometrics technology to the banking customers is costly.
正解：A

第 50 題
When was the use of fingerprints to log into bank accounts first introduced?
(A) Before the 2000s.
(B) During the 2010s.
(C) After the 2020s.
(D) During the 2030s.
正解：B

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