機械工程 108 年法學知識與英文考古題(共 50 題) 資料來源:考選部歷屆試題|法律人 LawPlayer 整理 https://lawplayer.com/exam/mechanical-engineering/108-legal-knowledge-english 第 1 題 依司法院大法官解釋意旨,對公務員權利義務之規範,下列何者違憲? (A) 允許無法定理由將高職等之公務員調任為較低職等之職務 (B) 公務員因有違法失職之行為而受懲戒處分,就公務員懲戒委員會所為之議決,不得上訴 (C) 將兼任學校行政職務之公立學校教師納為公務員服務法之規範對象 (D) 限制離職公務員於一定期間內不得從事特定工作 正解:A 第 2 題 依司法院大法官解釋之意旨,關於憲政慣例,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 參謀總長負責國防之重要事項,既包括預算之擬編及執行,亦應到立法院院會備詢 (B) 在成文憲法之下,雖亦有憲政慣例之概念,但僅具補充成文憲法之作用,其地位不若於不成文憲法國家重要 (C) 按憲法慣例或憲政上之習慣法,其成立應有反覆發生之先例,並對一般人產生法之確信,始足當之 (D) 司法、考試、監察三院院長,本於五院間相互尊重之立場,得不受立法院邀請備詢 正解:A 第 3 題 依司法院大法官解釋,下列有關訴訟權之敘述,何者正確? (A) 民事訴訟法對上訴第三審利益之數額限制,不違反訴訟權之保障 (B) 對於律師懲戒覆審委員會所為之決議,仍得向最高行政法院請求救濟 (C) 都市計畫因定期通盤檢討所為之變更,屬法規性質,人民不得爭訟 (D) 有關審級制度之設計,完全屬立法形成之自由 正解:A 第 4 題 依憲法增修條文規定,監察院人員如有失職或違法之情事,由下列何者機關彈劾? (A) 監察院 (B) 司法院 (C) 考試院 (D) 立法院 正解:A 第 5 題 依司法院大法官解釋意旨,有關結社自由之限制,下列敘述何者正確? (A) 農會法規定農會會員住址遷離原農會組織區域者為出會之原因,過度侵害人民之結社自由 (B) 督導各級人民團體實施辦法規定,人民團體經主管機關限期整理者,其理監事之職權應即停止,僅屬細節性規定,無須法律明確授權 (C) 基於國家安全,人民團體法規定主張特定政治性言論之團體得不予許可設立,並不牴觸結社自由 (D) 人民團體法規定職業團體理事長應由理事就常務理事中選舉之,不設常務理事者,就理事中互選之,限制內部組織與事務之自主決定,違反比例原則 正解:D 第 6 題 下列何者不屬於地方制度法所稱之地方自治團體? (A) 臺灣省 (B) 高雄市 (C) 花蓮縣 (D) 嘉義市 正解:A 第 7 題 依司法院大法官解釋意旨,有關大法官解釋之拘束力,下列敘述何者正確? (A) 僅拘束政府機關,不拘束聲請人 (B) 僅拘束聲請人及其相對機關 (C) 依司法院大法官審理案件法之明文規定決定受拘束對象之範圍 (D) 全國各機關均受拘束 正解:D 第 8 題 憲法第七章所定之「司法」,其掌理之事項不包括下列何者? (A) 民事訴訟 (B) 刑事偵查及訴訟 (C) 行政訴訟 (D) 公務員懲戒 正解:B 第 9 題 依憲法增修條文之規定,下列何者任期為6 年? (A) 大法官 (B) 立法委員 (C) 監察委員 (D) 總統 正解:C 第 10 題 依司法院大法官解釋意旨,有關言論及出版自由,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 憲法保障人民有積極表意之自由及消極不表意之自由 (B) 言論自由保障之內容包括主觀之意見表達及客觀之事實陳述 (C) 性言論之表現與性資訊之流通,不論是否出於營利目的,均受憲法對言論及出版自由之保障 (D) 商業性意見表達亦屬言論自由保障之範圍,要求藥物廣告刊播前先送審,已違背事前檢查之禁止原則 正解:D 第 11 題 依司法院大法官解釋,下列關於隱私權之敘述,何者錯誤? (A) 隱私權非屬憲法明文列舉之權利 (B) 個人資料自主控制權亦屬於隱私權 (C) 個人指紋受憲法隱私權之保障 (D) 隱私權為憲法所保障財產權之一種 正解:D 第 12 題 依憲法增修條文第4 條之規定,下列關於立法委員選舉制度之敘述,何者錯誤? (A) 合格選民可以投兩票 (B) 直轄市、縣市之選舉區,每區只能選出一名立法委員 (C) 得到超過百分之五以上政黨選舉票之政黨,才能分配全國不分區立法委員席次 (D) 各政黨提出之不分區立法委員候選名單,婦女不得低於二分之一 正解:D 第 13 題 依憲法規定,關於立法院職權,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 立法院對行政院所提預算案,不得為增加支出之提議 (B) 立法院對於總統、副總統之彈劾案,依法定門檻提出決議後,交由監察院審理 (C) 立法院每年集會得聽取總統國情報告 (D) 立法院有議決宣戰案及戒嚴案之權 正解:B 第 14 題 下列有關監察院職權之敘述,何者錯誤? (A) 監察院享有調查權 (B) 監察院不得向立法院提出法律案 (C) 監察院不得向立法院提出預算案 (D) 監察院受理特定公職人員之財產申報 正解:B 第 15 題 依司法院釋字第550 號解釋,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 法律之實施須由地方負擔經費者,立法院應予地方政府人員列席此類立法程序表示意見之機會 (B) 全民健康保險法第27 條所定之補助各類被保險人保險費之比例,屬於立法裁量事項 (C) 全民健康保險法第27 條規定由地方自治團體補助之保險費,係指實施全民健康保險法之執行費用 (D) 對地方負有協力義務之全民健康保險事項,中央得依據法律使地方分擔保險費之補助 正解:C 第 16 題 下列有關國際法與國內法之敘述,何者錯誤? (A) 聯合國憲章為國際法 (B) 涉外民事法律適用法為國內法 (C) 國際法效力優於國內法 (D) 國際條約經國內立法機關同意後直接拘束國內各機關 正解:C 第 17 題 法律禁止溯及既往原則,係屬法律之何種效力限制? (A) 人的效力 (B) 物的效力 (C) 地的效力 (D) 時的效力 正解:D 第 18 題 我國性別工作平等法中所訂「育嬰留職停薪」制度之適用人數門檻是: (A) 僱用員工50 人以上之事業單位 (B) 僱用員工30 人以上之事業單位 (C) 沒有僱用員工人數之上限 (D) 僱用員工15 人以上之事業單位 正解:C 第 19 題 憲法第7 條規定「中華民國人民,無分男女、宗教、種族、階級、黨派,在法律上一律平等」,通說上認為此處之法律,包括法律與行政命令,係採用何種法律解釋方法所獲得之結果? (A) 擴張解釋 (B) 反面解釋 (C) 歷史解釋 (D) 類推解釋 正解:A 第 20 題 地方自治法規與其他法令牴觸時,關於其效力,下列敘述何者正確? (A) 自治條例與法律牴觸者,自始、當然、確定無效 (B) 自律規則與法律牴觸者,無效 (C) 自治法規與法位階較高之法令牴觸時,一律由行政院函告無效 (D) 自治法規與法位階較高之法令有無牴觸發生疑義時,得函請行政院解釋之 正解:B 第 21 題 關於法律保留原則及授權明確性原則,下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 對人民自由權利之限制,應以法律或法律明確授權之命令為之 (B) 授權條款之明確程度應與所授權訂定之法規命令對人民權利之影響相稱 (C) 若法律僅為概括授權時,應就該項法律整體所表現之關聯意義為判斷,而非拘泥於特定法條之文字 (D) 依法律概括授權所訂定之命令得設裁罰性規定 正解:D 第 22 題 關於法律之「地的效力」,下列敘述何者正確? (A) 凡居住在中華民國領土主權所及範圍者,毫無例外應受本國法律之規範 (B) 縱令位於中華民國領土主權以外之地區,仍有可能適用本國法律之情形 (C) 位於國外使領館外交人員,基於國際法規定應適用該使領館所在國之法律 (D) 刑法規定在中華民國領域外中華民國航空器內犯罪,仍應適用航空器所在地之法律 正解:B 第 23 題 下列選項中的X 與Y,何者結婚無效? (A) 甲乙為夫妻,甲婚前育有子女X,乙婚前育有子女Y,X 與Y 成年後結婚 (B) 甲乙為夫妻,甲之父X 已喪偶,乙之母Y 亦已喪偶,X 與Y 結婚 (C) 甲乙為兄妹,甲婚後育有子女X,乙婚後收養子女Y,X 與Y 成年後結婚 (D) X17 歲時生下甲,甲成年後與較其年長12 歲的Y 結婚,甲與Y 離婚後,X 與Y 結婚 正解:D 第 24 題 依民法之規定,下列有關使用借貸契約之敘述,何者正確? (A) 使用借貸契約為要物契約,貸與人須交付和移轉借用物之所有權予借用人 (B) 貸與未定期限,又不能依借貸之目的而定期限者,貸與人得隨時請求返還借用物 (C) 借用物為動物者,其飼養費由貸與人負擔 (D) 貸與人故意或重大過失不告知借用物之瑕疵,致借用人受損害者,負賠償責任 正解:B 第 25 題 下列何者不屬於刑法第10 條第3 項的公文書? (A) 書記官所製作之審判筆錄 (B) 地政士所提出之登記申請書 (C) 戶政事務所所發戶籍謄本 (D) 檢察官所提出之羈押聲請書 正解:B 第 26 題 某市市議員甲因為貪污案遭地方法院宣告10 年有期徒刑,第二天即逃亡出境。下列敘述何者正確? (A) 行刑權時效自甲所受判決上訴期間屆滿而未上訴時起算 (B) 若於上訴期間屆滿前,就公告通緝,則行刑權時效停止計算 (C) 若於上訴期間屆滿前,就公告通緝,則追訴權時效繼續進行 (D) 若於上訴期間屆滿前,一方提出上訴,則追訴權時效繼續計算 正解:A 第 27 題 A 餐廳推出自助餐599 元吃到飽專案,並貼出告示:「請酌量取用,勿浪費食物,否則每人一律罰款用餐價格10 倍」。該告示是否有效? (A) 有效,因為當事人可任意約定契約內容 (B) 原則有效,除非顧客反對才會無效 (C) 無效,因為違反平等互惠原則 (D) 如果餐廳曾告知顧客此規定,則有效,若無,則無效 正解:C 第 28 題 民國(以下同)99 年10 月10 日上午,83 歲的甲男失蹤。法院於受理其親屬的死亡宣告聲請,經法定公示催告程序後,應裁判宣告甲於何時死亡? (A) 100 年10 月9 日下午12 時 (B) 102 年10 月10 日下午12 時 (C) 104 年10 月10 日下午12 時 (D) 106 年10 月9 日下午12 時 正解:B 第 29 題 下列關於財團法人之敘述,何者錯誤? (A) 屬於他律法人 (B) 屬於公益法人 (C) 重要管理方法不具備時,由目的事業主管機關酌定之 (D) 於登記前,應得主管機關之許可 正解:C 第 30 題 依全民健康保險法之規定,下列關於保險費負擔之敘述,何者正確? (A) 受雇於私立高中之數學教師甲,負擔30%之保險費,其餘70%由學校負擔 (B) 受雇於公立高中之國文教師乙,負擔30%之保險費,35%由學校負擔,政府則負擔35% (C) 受雇於民營企業之丙,負擔30%之保險費,民營企業負擔60%,政府負擔10% (D) 合於社會救助法所規定之中低收入戶丁,接受中央役政主管機關全額補助 正解:C 第 31 題 I like to go to the cinema when I am in the for it. (A) motive (B) mind (C) mood (D) notion 正解:C 第 32 題 The job provides fantastic benefits, including insurance, meals, vacations, and. Thus, a retirement plan isin place.tension (B) ransom (C) resume (D) pension 正解:D 第 33 題 I suggest you study in the library where you would have fewer _____ than in other places. (A) frustrations (B) obstructions (C) distractions (D) instructions 正解:C 第 34 題 The sales manager is leaving this week, _____ to get a higher paid job in an international company. (A) presumably (B) considerately (C) legally (D) hysterically 正解:A 第 35 題 These never-before-published photos were captured by one of the first Western photographersinto theonce-reclusive Japan after it opened to the world in the 1850s.allowed (B) allow (C) allowing (D) to allow請依下文回答第36 題至第40 題The Wu family moved to Vancouver, Canada in the early 1990s. As they were living in an English-speakingregion of the country and hoped to 正解:A 第 36 題 themselves more quickly to the new environment, they made up their mindby stopping using their native language and speaking only English at home. However, when the Wu children grew upand went back to their home country, China, the children had difficulty communicating with relatives there. At thattime, they realized that it was a 第 37 題 for them not to make their children become bilingual. Linguistically speaking,the most 第 38 題 advantage of being bilingual is that those people will be able to communicate with more peoplearound the world. They are more autonomous and do not need to rely on other people to understand other languages.Apart from this linguistic benefit, bilingual people have got the 第 39 題 over other people because they have a higherlevel of cultural and social awareness of another group of people. Knowing the vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, andeven jokes of another language enhances people’s understanding of another culture. One more advantage of beingbilingual is that people can gain global awareness. Different regions of the world can be more closely connected ifmutual understanding between people of different nations can be achieved. 第 40 題 , lack of the ability to speak asecond or third language can only result in miscommunication and even hostility among people. Since bilingualismoffers people many assets at their disposal, it is always wise to learn to speak a second or third language.36acclaim (B) accustom (C) caution (D) conceal37merit (B) default (C) flaw (D) intake38overt (B) ruthless (C) shrewd (D) unbearable39margin (B) edge (C) corner (D) angle40 (A) Eternally (B) Adversely (C) Bilaterally (D) Conversely請依下文回答第41 題至第45 題By most standards, Austin Jia holds an enviable position. A rising sophomore at Duke, Mr. Jia attends one of thetop universities in the country, setting him up for success.With his high G.P.A., nearly perfect SAT score and activities — debate team, tennis captain and state orchestra —Mr. Jia believes he should have had a fair shot at Harvard, Princeton, Columbia and the University of Pennsylvania.However, those Ivy League colleges rejected him after he applied in the fall of 2015.It was particularly disturbing, Mr. Jia said, when classmates with lower scores than his — but who were notAsian-American, like him — were admitted to those Ivy League institutions.“My gut reaction was that I was super disillusioned by how the whole system was set up,” Mr. Jia, said.Students like Mr. Jia are now the subject of a lawsuit accusing Harvard of discriminating againstAsian-Americans in admissions by imposing a penalty for their high achievement and giving preferences to other racialminorities. 正解:D 第 41 題 According to the passage, which Ivy League colleges Mr. Jia did not apply for admission?Columbia. (B) Harvard. (C) Princeton. (D) Yale. 正解:D 第 42 題 How does Mr. Jia feel about the student-recruiting process of these Ivy League colleges?A bit disappointed. (B) Greatly satisfied. (C) Somewhat satisfied. (D) Totally disappointed. 正解:D 第 43 題 Which of the following does NOT apply to Mr. Jia?Scoring nearly perfectly in SAT. (B) A tennis captain. (C) A Harvard dropout. (D) A Duke sophomore. 正解:C 第 44 題 Which of the following groups of applicants – others being equal – has a better chance of being admitted toHarvard?African (A) -American. (B) Vietnamese-American. (C) Korean-American. (D) Japanese-American. 正解:A 第 45 題 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?Austin Jia is a victim of his racial background. (B) Duke, though not one of the Ivy League colleges, is one of the top universities in the US. (C) Austin Jia is rejected owing to his unimpressive academic performance. (D) Because of cases like Mr. Jia’s, Harvard is being accused of racial discrimination.請依下文回答第46 題至第50 題Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planetreceived more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’senergy varied.Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past centuryprimarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. The global average surface temperature rose0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6°F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearlydoubled in the last 50 years. Temperatures are certain to go up further.Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space bybright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest isabsorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, theyradiate “heat” energy (thermal infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere wheremuch of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Whenthey absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tinyheaters— like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. Theenergy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they getfrom direct sunlight. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse effect—isbeneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average surface temperature would be a verychilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today.What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising theconcentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but alsofrom cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxidelevels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent. The atmospheretoday contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up beingabsorbed by the atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates back down to thesurface, Earth’s surface temperature rises. 正解:C 第 46 題 What is the main idea of this article?Public reactions toward global warming and the greenhouse effects. (B) How human beings cause global warming. (C) Global warming and greenhouse effects on earth. (D) Solutions of global warming and greenhouse effects. 正解:C 第 47 題 What is the main factor causing greenhouse gases?Petroleum. (B) Sunlight. (C) Vapor. (D) Carbon dioxide. 正解:A 第 48 題 According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true?Sunlight is the main cause that increases the Earth (A) ’s temperature during the past 50 years. (B) Gas using could be the main reason for the increase in global surface temperature. (C) Clouds and ice cannot help the sunlight to reflect back into spaces. (D) The rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the past two decades. 正解:B 第 49 題 Which of the following has the closest meaning to “emitted”?exploited (B) strained (C) discharged (D) garnered 正解:C 第 50 題 Which of the following is NOT true about this article?Global warming increases Earth (A) ’s average surface temperature. (B) Without greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature would be much cooler. (C) Burning fossil fuels and cutting down carbon-absorbing forests cause increasing greenhouse effect. (D) Lands radiate “heat” energy due to natural greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. 正解:D 題目與答案為考試當年公告版本,實務標準請以現行規範為準。