§ 7 — General interpretation

7.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“1911 Act” means the Copyright Act 1911 of the United Kingdom (U.K. 1911, c. 46) insofar as that Act has effect as part of the law of Singapore;

“1987 Act” means the Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 2006 Revised Edition) repealed by this Act;

“action” means a civil action and includes a counterclaim;

“adaptation” —(a)

in relation to a literary or dramatic work, has the meaning given by section 17; and

(b)

in relation to a musical work, has the meaning given by section 18;

“archive” has the meaning given by section 92;

“article” includes a copy, in electronic form, of a work;

“artistic work” has the meaning given by section 20(1);

“authorial work” has the meaning given by section 9;

“authorised officer”, in relation to a public collection, has the meaning given by section 94;

“body administering an educational institution” has the meaning given by section 84;

“body administering an institution aiding persons with intellectual disabilities” has the meaning given by section 90;

“body administering an institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 87;

“broadcast” has the meanings given by sections 27 and 28;

“broadcasting licence” and “broadcasting licensee” have the meanings given by section 2(1) of the Broadcasting Act 1994;

“building” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“cable programme” has the meaning given by section 34;

“cable programme service” has the meaning given by section 35(1);

“commercial advantage”, in relation to an act, has the meaning given by section 74;

“commercial dealing” has the meaning given by section 73(2);

“commercial rental arrangement”, in relation to a computer program or a sound recording, has the meaning given by section 75;

“communicate” and “communication” have the meanings given by section 61;

“compilation” has the meaning given by section 13(2);

“computer program” has the meaning given by section 13(3);

“construction” includes erection and “reconstruction” has a corresponding meaning;

“contract of service” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Employment Act 1968;

“copy” has the meanings given by the provisions in Subdivision (2) of Division 3 of Part 2;

“Copyright Tribunal” or “Tribunal” means a Copyright Tribunal established under this Act;

“copyright work” means a work in which copyright subsists;

“Court” means the General Division of the High Court;[Act 22 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]

“custodian”, in relation to a public collection, has the meaning given by section 93;

“deal commercially” has the meaning given by section 73(1);

“Director of National Archives” means the Director of National Archives appointed under section 15(1) of the National Library Board Act 1995;

“dramatic work” has the meaning given by section 15;

“drawing” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“edition of an authorial work” includes an edition of authorial works;

“educational institution” has the meaning given by section 83;

“electronic” means actuated by electric, magnetic, electro‑magnetic, electro‑chemical or electro‑mechanical energy;

“electronic copy”, in relation to a work or a recording of a protected performance, means a copy of the work or recording in an electronic form;

“engraving” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“exclusive licence” and “exclusive licensee” have the meanings given by section 103;

“film” —(a)

has the meaning given by section 24(1); and

(b)

in relation to a television broadcast, has the meaning given by section 46(2);

“flagrantly infringing online location” has the meaning given by section 99;

“for‑profit” means operated or conducted, directly or indirectly, for profit;

“foreign institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 88;

“future copyright” has the meaning given by section 140(3);

“in electronic form” means in a form usable only by electronic means;

“infringing copy” has the meaning given by section 98;

“institution” includes an educational institution;

“institution aiding persons with intellectual disabilities” has the meaning given by section 89;

“institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 86;

“IPOS” means the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore established by the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore Act 2001;

“literary work” has the meaning given by section 13(1);

“National Archives” has the meaning given by section 2 of the National Library Board Act 1995;

“National Heritage Board” means the National Heritage Board established by the National Heritage Board Act 1993;

“National Library Board” means the National Library Board established by the National Library Board Act 1995;

“non‑profit” means not operated or conducted, directly or indirectly, for profit;

“on demand” has the meaning given by section 62;

“organisation” means an organisation or association of persons (whether corporate or unincorporate);

“paying audience”, in relation to a television broadcast or cable programme, has the meaning given by section 76(1);

“perform” and “performance”, in relation to an authorial work, have the meanings given by section 67;

“periodical publication” means an issue of a periodical publication and “same periodical publication” has a corresponding meaning;

“person with a print disability” has the meaning given by section 85;

“photograph” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“premises” includes any land, building, structure and conveyance;

“prescribed international organisation” has the meaning given by section 81(2);

“prospective owner”, in relation to a future copyright, means —(a)

in relation to a future copyright that is not assigned — the person who would be the first owner of the copyright under the provisions of this Act when the copyright comes into existence; and

(b)

in relation to a future copyright that is assigned — the assignee in whom the copyright will vest under the assignment when the copyright comes into existence;

“protected performance” means a performance that is protected under Part 4;

“protection period”, in relation to a performance, means the period for which the performance is protected under section 174;

“provisions of this Act” does not include subsidiary legislation made under this Act;

“public body” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018;

“public collection” has the meaning given by section 91;

“qualified individual” has the meaning given by section 77;

“qualified person” has the meaning given by section 78;

“qualifying performance” has the meaning given by section 37(1);

“re‑transmission”, in relation to a broadcast, has the meaning given by section 65;

“receiving apparatus” means any device or equipment that, if operated alone or together with any other device or equipment, enables people to see or hear a work that is communicated;

“record” means a disc, tape, paper or other device in which sounds are embodied;

“recording”, in relation to a protected performance, has the meaning given by section 38(1);

“rights infringement” has the meaning given by section 97;

“rights owner” has the meaning given by section 96;

“sculpture” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“Singapore resident” has the meaning given by section 79;

“sound broadcast” has the meaning given by section 30;

“sound recording” has the meaning given by section 21;

“soundtrack”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(c);

“sounds”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(b);

“television broadcast” has the meaning given by section 29;

“visual images”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(a);

“wireless telegraphy” means the emitting or receiving, otherwise than over a path that is provided by a material substance, of electro‑magnetic energy;

“work” has the meaning given by section 8;

“work of joint authorship” has the meaning given by section 10;

“working day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday.

(2) Unless the context otherwise requires, the provisions of this Part apply to and for the purposes of this Act.

—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“1911 Act” means the Copyright Act 1911 of the United Kingdom (U.K. 1911, c. 46) insofar as that Act has effect as part of the law of Singapore;

“1987 Act” means the Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 2006 Revised Edition) repealed by this Act;

“action” means a civil action and includes a counterclaim;

“adaptation” —(a)

in relation to a literary or dramatic work, has the meaning given by section 17; and

(b)

in relation to a musical work, has the meaning given by section 18;

“archive” has the meaning given by section 92;

“article” includes a copy, in electronic form, of a work;

“artistic work” has the meaning given by section 20(1);

“authorial work” has the meaning given by section 9;

“authorised officer”, in relation to a public collection, has the meaning given by section 94;

“body administering an educational institution” has the meaning given by section 84;

“body administering an institution aiding persons with intellectual disabilities” has the meaning given by section 90;

“body administering an institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 87;

“broadcast” has the meanings given by sections 27 and 28;

“broadcasting licence” and “broadcasting licensee” have the meanings given by section 2(1) of the Broadcasting Act 1994;

“building” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“cable programme” has the meaning given by section 34;

“cable programme service” has the meaning given by section 35(1);

“commercial advantage”, in relation to an act, has the meaning given by section 74;

“commercial dealing” has the meaning given by section 73(2);

“commercial rental arrangement”, in relation to a computer program or a sound recording, has the meaning given by section 75;

“communicate” and “communication” have the meanings given by section 61;

“compilation” has the meaning given by section 13(2);

“computer program” has the meaning given by section 13(3);

“construction” includes erection and “reconstruction” has a corresponding meaning;

“contract of service” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Employment Act 1968;

“copy” has the meanings given by the provisions in Subdivision (2) of Division 3 of Part 2;

“Copyright Tribunal” or “Tribunal” means a Copyright Tribunal established under this Act;

“copyright work” means a work in which copyright subsists;

“Court” means the General Division of the High Court;[Act 22 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]

“custodian”, in relation to a public collection, has the meaning given by section 93;

“deal commercially” has the meaning given by section 73(1);

“Director of National Archives” means the Director of National Archives appointed under section 15(1) of the National Library Board Act 1995;

“dramatic work” has the meaning given by section 15;

“drawing” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“edition of an authorial work” includes an edition of authorial works;

“educational institution” has the meaning given by section 83;

“electronic” means actuated by electric, magnetic, electro‑magnetic, electro‑chemical or electro‑mechanical energy;

“electronic copy”, in relation to a work or a recording of a protected performance, means a copy of the work or recording in an electronic form;

“engraving” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“exclusive licence” and “exclusive licensee” have the meanings given by section 103;

“film” —(a)

has the meaning given by section 24(1); and

(b)

in relation to a television broadcast, has the meaning given by section 46(2);

“flagrantly infringing online location” has the meaning given by section 99;

“for‑profit” means operated or conducted, directly or indirectly, for profit;

“foreign institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 88;

“future copyright” has the meaning given by section 140(3);

“in electronic form” means in a form usable only by electronic means;

“infringing copy” has the meaning given by section 98;

“institution” includes an educational institution;

“institution aiding persons with intellectual disabilities” has the meaning given by section 89;

“institution aiding persons with print disabilities” has the meaning given by section 86;

“IPOS” means the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore established by the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore Act 2001;

“literary work” has the meaning given by section 13(1);

“National Archives” has the meaning given by section 2 of the National Library Board Act 1995;

“National Heritage Board” means the National Heritage Board established by the National Heritage Board Act 1993;

“National Library Board” means the National Library Board established by the National Library Board Act 1995;

“non‑profit” means not operated or conducted, directly or indirectly, for profit;

“on demand” has the meaning given by section 62;

“organisation” means an organisation or association of persons (whether corporate or unincorporate);

“paying audience”, in relation to a television broadcast or cable programme, has the meaning given by section 76(1);

“perform” and “performance”, in relation to an authorial work, have the meanings given by section 67;

“periodical publication” means an issue of a periodical publication and “same periodical publication” has a corresponding meaning;

“person with a print disability” has the meaning given by section 85;

“photograph” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“premises” includes any land, building, structure and conveyance;

“prescribed international organisation” has the meaning given by section 81(2);

“prospective owner”, in relation to a future copyright, means —(a)

in relation to a future copyright that is not assigned — the person who would be the first owner of the copyright under the provisions of this Act when the copyright comes into existence; and

(b)

in relation to a future copyright that is assigned — the assignee in whom the copyright will vest under the assignment when the copyright comes into existence;

“protected performance” means a performance that is protected under Part 4;

“protection period”, in relation to a performance, means the period for which the performance is protected under section 174;

“provisions of this Act” does not include subsidiary legislation made under this Act;

“public body” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018;

“public collection” has the meaning given by section 91;

“qualified individual” has the meaning given by section 77;

“qualified person” has the meaning given by section 78;

“qualifying performance” has the meaning given by section 37(1);

“re‑transmission”, in relation to a broadcast, has the meaning given by section 65;

“receiving apparatus” means any device or equipment that, if operated alone or together with any other device or equipment, enables people to see or hear a work that is communicated;

“record” means a disc, tape, paper or other device in which sounds are embodied;

“recording”, in relation to a protected performance, has the meaning given by section 38(1);

“rights infringement” has the meaning given by section 97;

“rights owner” has the meaning given by section 96;

“sculpture” has the meaning given by section 20(2);

“Singapore resident” has the meaning given by section 79;

“sound broadcast” has the meaning given by section 30;

“sound recording” has the meaning given by section 21;

“soundtrack”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(c);

“sounds”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(b);

“television broadcast” has the meaning given by section 29;

“visual images”, in relation to a film, has the meaning given by section 24(2)(a);

“wireless telegraphy” means the emitting or receiving, otherwise than over a path that is provided by a material substance, of electro‑magnetic energy;

“work” has the meaning given by section 8;

“work of joint authorship” has the meaning given by section 10;

“working day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday.

(2) Unless the context otherwise requires, the provisions of this Part apply to and for the purposes of this Act.