§ 423 — When irregularities do not make proceedings invalid

423. Subject to this Code, any judgment, sentence or order passed or made by a court of competent jurisdiction may not be reversed or altered on account of —(a)

an error, omission or irregularity in the complaint, summons, warrant, charge, judgment or other proceedings before or during trial or in an inquiry or other proceeding under this Code;

(aa)

the breach of any of the prosecution’s obligations under section 221B(3)(a) or (b) or (4)(a) or 221D, or the prosecution’s obligations under section 221B(4)(b) to serve the materials mentioned in section 221B(1)(b);[Act 5 of 2024 wef 14/02/2025]

(b)

the lack of any consent by the Public Prosecutor as required by law; or

(c)

the improper admission or rejection of any evidence,

unless the error, omission, irregularity, breach of any of the prosecution’s obligations, lack of consent or improper admission or rejection of evidence has caused a failure of justice.

[Act 5 of 2024 wef 14/02/2025]