§ 3 — General interpretation

3.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“a point” includes a mobile or potentially mobile point, whether on land, underground, in the atmosphere, underwater or anywhere else;

“access”, in relation to communications activity, includes —(a)

access that is subject to a precondition, such as the use of a password;

(b)

access by way of push technology;

(c)

access by way of a standing request;

“access blocking direction” means a direction described in section 33;

“account” includes —(a)

a free account;

(b)

a prepaid account; and

(c)

anything that may reasonably be regarded as the equivalent of an account;

“account restriction direction” means a direction described in section 34;

“anonymous donation” means a donation which the recipient is (whether because the donation is offered anonymously or by reason of deception or concealment) unable to ascertain the identity of the person giving the donation;

“anonymous donations directive” means a directive given under section 68;

“app” includes a computer program;

“app removal direction” means a direction given under section 37;

“applicable cap on anonymous political donations” has the meaning given by section 58(2);

“arrangement” includes a contract, an agreement, understanding or other arrangement of any kind, whether written or unwritten;

“authorised officer” means an individual who is appointed under section 107 as an authorised officer;

“benefit” includes any advantage and is not limited to property;

“bequest” includes any form of testamentary disposition;

“broadcasting service” has the meaning given by the Broadcasting Act 1994;

“candidate”, for an election, means —(a)

an individual who is nominated as a candidate at the election until the end of the 31st day after the results of the election are published; or

(b)

an individual (whether or not a member of a political party) who, on or after the date of the issue of a writ for the election, is declared, by himself or herself or by others, as seeking nomination as a candidate at that election until the end of the 31st day after the results of the election are published;

“competent authority”, in relation to any provision of this Act or the Regulations, means the competent authority appointed under section 105 to exercise powers under that provision;

“constituency” means an electoral division within the meaning given by the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954;

“deception” means an intentional or a reckless deception, whether by words or other conduct, and whether as to fact or as to law, and includes —(a)

a deception as to the present intentions of the person using the deception or any other person; and

(b)

conduct with the intention of causing a computer or an electronic device to make a response that the person is not authorised to cause the computer or electronic device to make;

“directed towards a political end in Singapore” has the meaning given by section 8;

“disabling direction” means a direction described in section 31;

“disgorgement direction” means a direction described in section 38;

“disposal”, in relation to any property, means any conveyance, transfer, assignment, settlement, delivery, payment or other alienation of property, and includes —(a)

the allotment of shares in a company;

(b)

the creation of a trust in property;

(c)

the grant or creation of any lease, mortgage, charge, servitude, licence, power, partnership or interest in property;

(d)

the release, discharge, surrender, forfeiture or abandonment, at law or in equity, of any debt, contract or chose in action, or of any interest in property;

(e)

the exercise by a person of a special or general power of appointment of property in favour of any other person (or a hybrid of both); or

(f)

any transaction entered into by any person with intent to diminish, directly or indirectly, the value of the person’s own property and to increase the value of the property of any other person;

“donation report” means a report required to be prepared under section 62;

“donor” means a person who makes a donation;

“donor activity” means disbursing money or property or benefit;

“election” means —(a)

an election in a constituency under the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 for the purpose of electing a Member of Parliament; or

(b)

a presidential election;

“election agent”, in relation to a candidate at an election, means the individual appointed or treated as appointed as his or her election agent under section 62(1) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or section 43(1) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991, as the case may be;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

“elector”, for an election, means an individual who is entitled to vote at that election;

“electronic communications activity” and “online communications activity” have the respective meanings given by section 10;

“engage in conduct” means —(a)

do an act or omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time; or

(b)

both do an act and omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time;

“entity” means —(a)

a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership);

(b)

an unincorporated association;

(c)

a partnership;

(d)

a body politic;

(e)

a body of individuals who together form a body; or

(f)

a person other than an individual;

“executive committee”, for an unincorporated association or a group of individuals that is not a body corporate or a partnership, means a body of individuals (however described) that governs, manages or conducts the affairs of the unincorporated association or group;

“for the purposes of the candidate’s election” means with a view to, or otherwise in connection with, promoting or procuring the candidate’s election at a parliamentary election or presidential election (as the case may be) and includes prejudicing the electoral prospects of another candidate at that parliamentary election or presidential election;

“foreign affiliations report” has the meaning given by section 76;

“foreign business” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign country” means a country or territory other than Singapore, and includes part of such a country or territory;

“foreign government” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign government‑related individual” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign interference” has the meaning given by section 6;

“foreign legislature” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign political organisation” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign principal” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign public enterprise” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign volunteers report” has the meaning given by section 85(3);

“foreigner” has the meaning given by section 4;

“general election” means a general election of Members of Parliament after a dissolution of Parliament;

“gift” means any of the following:(a)

any disposal of property made by a person to another person (including by will), being a disposal made without consideration in money or money’s worth or with inadequate consideration;

(b)

the provision of a service for no consideration or for inadequate consideration, other than the provision of voluntary labour or voluntary professional services to a political party by an officer or a member of the party;

“Government” includes any part of the Government and an Organ of State (such as the Cabinet);

“in the public interest” has the meaning given by section 7;

“influence” includes affecting, directly or indirectly, in any way;

“information or material” means information or material in any form, such as (but not limited to) —(a)

oral, written, electronic or digital form; and

(b)

visual, pictorial or graphic form (for example, an anthropomorphic or humanlike depiction),

and includes information or material in any combination of forms;

“interest in property” means any estate, interest, right or power whatever, whether at law or in equity, in, under or over property;

“interference” includes influence;

“major political donor” means a person (not being a politically significant person) who is required by section 70 to make a donation report under that section;

“Member of Parliament” means —(a)

an individual who is declared under section 49(7)(a) or (7E)(a) or 49A(5) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 elected as the Member of Parliament for an identified constituency, until he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution;

(b)

an individual who —(i)

is declared elected as a non‑constituency Member of Parliament under section 52 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954; or

(ii)

is deemed under section 53 of that Act to be elected as a non‑constituency Member in place of the non‑constituency Member whose seat has been declared vacant,

and has subscribed before Parliament the Oath of Allegiance under Article 61 of the Constitution, until either he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution or the Parliament by resolution under section 53 of that Act declares that his or her seat has become vacant; or

(c)

a nominated Member of Parliament who is appointed under the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution and has subscribed before Parliament the Oath of Allegiance under Article 61 of the Constitution, until he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution,

and includes a Member in the capacity of the Leader of the Opposition;

“migration benefit” has the meaning given by section 78(4);

“must‑carry direction” means a direction described in section 32;

“nomination day” means the day of nomination at an election;

“online location” means any website, webpage, chatroom or forum, or any other thing that can be seen, heard or otherwise perceived by means of the Internet;

“Part 3 direction” means any direction mentioned in section 29, pursuant to an authorisation under section 20(1), 21(1) or 22(1)(b) or 23(3)(b) or (c);

“Part 4 politically significant entity” and “Part 4 politically significant person” have the respective meanings given by section 14;

“partnership” includes a limited partnership but not a limited liability partnership;

“permissible donor” has the meaning given by section 55;

“police officer” includes —(a)

a member of the Special Constabulary established under the Police Force Act 2004; and

(b)

an auxiliary police officer appointed as such under Part IX of the Police Force Act 2004;

“political donations fund directive” means a directive given under section 69;

“political office holder” means the holder of the office of —(a)

the Prime Minister;

(b)

a Deputy Prime Minister;

(c)

a Minister, Senior Minister or Co‑ordinating Minister;

(d)

a Minister of State or Senior Minister of State;

(e)

a Parliamentary Secretary or Senior Parliamentary Secretary;

(f)

the Speaker of Parliament or a Deputy Speaker of Parliament;

(g)

a Mayor;

(h)

a Political Secretary; or

(i)

the Leader of the House;

“political party” means a body of persons, corporate or unincorporated, whose object, or one of whose objects, is the promotion of the election to Parliament of a candidate or candidates endorsed by it or an organisation of which it forms part;

“politically significant person” has the meaning given by section 14;

“polling day”, for an election, means —(a)

for a by‑election or general election, the day specified —(i)

under section 34 or 34A of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 in a notice of contested election as the date on which the poll for that by‑election or general election (as the case may be) is to be taken in Singapore; or

(ii)

under section 50C(3)(b)(ii) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or under regulations made under section 102A of that Act as the other day that the polling day for an election is postponed to, if that section or those regulations apply; or[Act 8 of 2023 wef 14/06/2024]

(b)

for a presidential election, the day specified —(i)

under section 16 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 in a notice of contested election as the date on which the poll for that election is to be taken in Singapore; or

(ii)

under section 33C(3)(b)(ii) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 or under regulations made under section 81A of that Act as the other day that the polling day for an election is postponed to, if that section or those regulations apply;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 01/06/2023]

“presidential election” means an election under the Presidential Elections Act 1991 for the purpose of electing the President;

“principal election agent” means —(a)

an election agent of a candidate in a group who has been appointed or is treated as appointed under section 62(5) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 as the principal election agent for that group; or[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

(b)

an election agent of a candidate at a presidential election who has been appointed or is treated as appointed under section 43(2A) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 as the principal election agent;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

“prohibited donor”, in relation to a politically significant person, has the meaning given by section 67;

“prohibited donor directive” means a directive given under section 67;

“property” includes money, and a reference to the provision of property accordingly includes the supply of goods;

“proprietor”, for an online location, means a person who —(a)

develops and maintains the online location;

(b)

organises, manages or supervises the use of the online location;

(c)

manages or regulates membership of, or access to, the online location; or

(d)

has the authority to decide whether any information or material may be included or excluded on the online location, or where to place the information or material on the online location or otherwise exercise editorial control over the online location;

“proscribed online location” means an online location declared under section 24 or 25 to be a proscribed online location;

“public” means the general public in Singapore and includes a section of the general public in Singapore;

“public authority” means a body established or constituted by or under a public Act to perform or discharge a public function, but excludes a Town Council constituted under the Town Councils Act 1988;

“Regulations” means regulations made under section 122;

“relevant entity” means any of the following persons: (a)

a partnership carrying on a business in Singapore and registered under the Business Names Registration Act 2014;

(b)

a body corporate that is registered under —(i)

the Companies Act 1967; or

(ii)

the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005;

(c)

an association (whether incorporate or not) that is registered under —(i)

the Co‑operative Societies Act 1979;

(ii)

the Societies Act 1966;[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

(iii)

the Trade Unions Act 1940; or[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

(iv)

the Platform Workers Act 2024;[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

“relevant individual” means —(a)

a citizen of Singapore whether or not resident in Singapore; or

(b)

an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore but is resident in Singapore;

“repealed Act” means the Political Donations Act 2000 repealed by this Act;

“reportable arrangement to which a politically significant person is party” has the meaning given by section 78;

“reportable political donation” has the meaning given by section 53;

“reporting period” —(a)

for reportable political donations, has the meaning given by section 62;

(b)

for reportable arrangements to which a politically significant person is party, has the meaning given by section 76; or

(c)

for a Part 4 politically significant person given a directive under section 85(2)(b), has the meaning given by that section;

“responsible officer”, for a politically significant person who is not an individual, means —(a)

if a partnership — a partner of the partnership;

(b)

if a body corporate — the individual for the time being holding the office of chairperson, managing director or company secretary of the body corporate, or any position analogous to any of those offices in that body corporate; or

(c)

if an unincorporated body of persons other than a partnership —(i)

the individual for the time being holding the office of president, secretary or treasurer of the executive committee of the unincorporated body of persons, or any position analogous to any of those offices in that body; or

(ii)

where there is no such executive committee, the individual for the time being notified by the unincorporated body of persons to a competent authority as a responsible officer of that body of persons,

and includes any person carrying out the duties of any such office mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c)(i) if that office is vacant;

“Reviewing Tribunal” means a Reviewing Tribunal constituted by section 94;

“service restriction direction” means a direction described in section 35;

“Singapore aircraft” means an aircraft that is registered in Singapore under the Air Navigation Act 1966;

“Singapore vessel” means a vessel used in navigation by water (including an air‑cushioned vehicle such as a hovercraft or a submersible craft) that is registered (provisionally or otherwise) under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and its registry is not closed or deemed to be closed or suspended under that Act;

“stop communication (end‑user) direction” means a direction described in section 30;

“technical assistance direction” means a direction described in section 36;

“telecommunication service” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Telecommunications Act 1999;

“value”, in relation to any donation or benefit, has the meaning given by section 15;

“vehicle” means any means of transport, whether self‑propelled or not, used on land such as a train, bicycle, motor car or personal mobility device;

“writ” means a writ of election issued under section 24 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or, in the case of a presidential election, under section 6 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991.

(2) A reference in this Act to the results of an election being published is a reference to —(a)

for a parliamentary election, the date that either of the following is published in the Gazette, whichever being applicable to that election:(i)

the notice required by section 33(1)(b) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954, containing the name or names of the nominated candidate or the group of candidates declared elected;

(ii)

the statement of the poll and the name or names of the person or persons elected as Member or Members of Parliament at that election required by section 51 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 to be published; and

(b)

for a presidential election, the date that either of the following is published in the Gazette, whichever being applicable to that election:(i)

the notice required by section 15(1)(b) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991, containing the name of the nominated candidate declared elected as President;

(ii)

the statement of the poll and the name of the person elected to the office of President required by section 34 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 to be published.

(3) [Deleted by Act 8 of 2023 wef 01/06/2023]

—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“a point” includes a mobile or potentially mobile point, whether on land, underground, in the atmosphere, underwater or anywhere else;

“access”, in relation to communications activity, includes —(a)

access that is subject to a precondition, such as the use of a password;

(b)

access by way of push technology;

(c)

access by way of a standing request;

“access blocking direction” means a direction described in section 33;

“account” includes —(a)

a free account;

(b)

a prepaid account; and

(c)

anything that may reasonably be regarded as the equivalent of an account;

“account restriction direction” means a direction described in section 34;

“anonymous donation” means a donation which the recipient is (whether because the donation is offered anonymously or by reason of deception or concealment) unable to ascertain the identity of the person giving the donation;

“anonymous donations directive” means a directive given under section 68;

“app” includes a computer program;

“app removal direction” means a direction given under section 37;

“applicable cap on anonymous political donations” has the meaning given by section 58(2);

“arrangement” includes a contract, an agreement, understanding or other arrangement of any kind, whether written or unwritten;

“authorised officer” means an individual who is appointed under section 107 as an authorised officer;

“benefit” includes any advantage and is not limited to property;

“bequest” includes any form of testamentary disposition;

“broadcasting service” has the meaning given by the Broadcasting Act 1994;

“candidate”, for an election, means —(a)

an individual who is nominated as a candidate at the election until the end of the 31st day after the results of the election are published; or

(b)

an individual (whether or not a member of a political party) who, on or after the date of the issue of a writ for the election, is declared, by himself or herself or by others, as seeking nomination as a candidate at that election until the end of the 31st day after the results of the election are published;

“competent authority”, in relation to any provision of this Act or the Regulations, means the competent authority appointed under section 105 to exercise powers under that provision;

“constituency” means an electoral division within the meaning given by the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954;

“deception” means an intentional or a reckless deception, whether by words or other conduct, and whether as to fact or as to law, and includes —(a)

a deception as to the present intentions of the person using the deception or any other person; and

(b)

conduct with the intention of causing a computer or an electronic device to make a response that the person is not authorised to cause the computer or electronic device to make;

“directed towards a political end in Singapore” has the meaning given by section 8;

“disabling direction” means a direction described in section 31;

“disgorgement direction” means a direction described in section 38;

“disposal”, in relation to any property, means any conveyance, transfer, assignment, settlement, delivery, payment or other alienation of property, and includes —(a)

the allotment of shares in a company;

(b)

the creation of a trust in property;

(c)

the grant or creation of any lease, mortgage, charge, servitude, licence, power, partnership or interest in property;

(d)

the release, discharge, surrender, forfeiture or abandonment, at law or in equity, of any debt, contract or chose in action, or of any interest in property;

(e)

the exercise by a person of a special or general power of appointment of property in favour of any other person (or a hybrid of both); or

(f)

any transaction entered into by any person with intent to diminish, directly or indirectly, the value of the person’s own property and to increase the value of the property of any other person;

“donation report” means a report required to be prepared under section 62;

“donor” means a person who makes a donation;

“donor activity” means disbursing money or property or benefit;

“election” means —(a)

an election in a constituency under the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 for the purpose of electing a Member of Parliament; or

(b)

a presidential election;

“election agent”, in relation to a candidate at an election, means the individual appointed or treated as appointed as his or her election agent under section 62(1) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or section 43(1) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991, as the case may be;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

“elector”, for an election, means an individual who is entitled to vote at that election;

“electronic communications activity” and “online communications activity” have the respective meanings given by section 10;

“engage in conduct” means —(a)

do an act or omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time; or

(b)

both do an act and omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time;

“entity” means —(a)

a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership);

(b)

an unincorporated association;

(c)

a partnership;

(d)

a body politic;

(e)

a body of individuals who together form a body; or

(f)

a person other than an individual;

“executive committee”, for an unincorporated association or a group of individuals that is not a body corporate or a partnership, means a body of individuals (however described) that governs, manages or conducts the affairs of the unincorporated association or group;

“for the purposes of the candidate’s election” means with a view to, or otherwise in connection with, promoting or procuring the candidate’s election at a parliamentary election or presidential election (as the case may be) and includes prejudicing the electoral prospects of another candidate at that parliamentary election or presidential election;

“foreign affiliations report” has the meaning given by section 76;

“foreign business” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign country” means a country or territory other than Singapore, and includes part of such a country or territory;

“foreign government” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign government‑related individual” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign interference” has the meaning given by section 6;

“foreign legislature” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign political organisation” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign principal” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign public enterprise” has the meaning given by section 4;

“foreign volunteers report” has the meaning given by section 85(3);

“foreigner” has the meaning given by section 4;

“general election” means a general election of Members of Parliament after a dissolution of Parliament;

“gift” means any of the following:(a)

any disposal of property made by a person to another person (including by will), being a disposal made without consideration in money or money’s worth or with inadequate consideration;

(b)

the provision of a service for no consideration or for inadequate consideration, other than the provision of voluntary labour or voluntary professional services to a political party by an officer or a member of the party;

“Government” includes any part of the Government and an Organ of State (such as the Cabinet);

“in the public interest” has the meaning given by section 7;

“influence” includes affecting, directly or indirectly, in any way;

“information or material” means information or material in any form, such as (but not limited to) —(a)

oral, written, electronic or digital form; and

(b)

visual, pictorial or graphic form (for example, an anthropomorphic or humanlike depiction),

and includes information or material in any combination of forms;

“interest in property” means any estate, interest, right or power whatever, whether at law or in equity, in, under or over property;

“interference” includes influence;

“major political donor” means a person (not being a politically significant person) who is required by section 70 to make a donation report under that section;

“Member of Parliament” means —(a)

an individual who is declared under section 49(7)(a) or (7E)(a) or 49A(5) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 elected as the Member of Parliament for an identified constituency, until he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution;

(b)

an individual who —(i)

is declared elected as a non‑constituency Member of Parliament under section 52 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954; or

(ii)

is deemed under section 53 of that Act to be elected as a non‑constituency Member in place of the non‑constituency Member whose seat has been declared vacant,

and has subscribed before Parliament the Oath of Allegiance under Article 61 of the Constitution, until either he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution or the Parliament by resolution under section 53 of that Act declares that his or her seat has become vacant; or

(c)

a nominated Member of Parliament who is appointed under the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution and has subscribed before Parliament the Oath of Allegiance under Article 61 of the Constitution, until he or she vacates his or her seat in Parliament under the provisions of the Constitution,

and includes a Member in the capacity of the Leader of the Opposition;

“migration benefit” has the meaning given by section 78(4);

“must‑carry direction” means a direction described in section 32;

“nomination day” means the day of nomination at an election;

“online location” means any website, webpage, chatroom or forum, or any other thing that can be seen, heard or otherwise perceived by means of the Internet;

“Part 3 direction” means any direction mentioned in section 29, pursuant to an authorisation under section 20(1), 21(1) or 22(1)(b) or 23(3)(b) or (c);

“Part 4 politically significant entity” and “Part 4 politically significant person” have the respective meanings given by section 14;

“partnership” includes a limited partnership but not a limited liability partnership;

“permissible donor” has the meaning given by section 55;

“police officer” includes —(a)

a member of the Special Constabulary established under the Police Force Act 2004; and

(b)

an auxiliary police officer appointed as such under Part IX of the Police Force Act 2004;

“political donations fund directive” means a directive given under section 69;

“political office holder” means the holder of the office of —(a)

the Prime Minister;

(b)

a Deputy Prime Minister;

(c)

a Minister, Senior Minister or Co‑ordinating Minister;

(d)

a Minister of State or Senior Minister of State;

(e)

a Parliamentary Secretary or Senior Parliamentary Secretary;

(f)

the Speaker of Parliament or a Deputy Speaker of Parliament;

(g)

a Mayor;

(h)

a Political Secretary; or

(i)

the Leader of the House;

“political party” means a body of persons, corporate or unincorporated, whose object, or one of whose objects, is the promotion of the election to Parliament of a candidate or candidates endorsed by it or an organisation of which it forms part;

“politically significant person” has the meaning given by section 14;

“polling day”, for an election, means —(a)

for a by‑election or general election, the day specified —(i)

under section 34 or 34A of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 in a notice of contested election as the date on which the poll for that by‑election or general election (as the case may be) is to be taken in Singapore; or

(ii)

under section 50C(3)(b)(ii) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or under regulations made under section 102A of that Act as the other day that the polling day for an election is postponed to, if that section or those regulations apply; or[Act 8 of 2023 wef 14/06/2024]

(b)

for a presidential election, the day specified —(i)

under section 16 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 in a notice of contested election as the date on which the poll for that election is to be taken in Singapore; or

(ii)

under section 33C(3)(b)(ii) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 or under regulations made under section 81A of that Act as the other day that the polling day for an election is postponed to, if that section or those regulations apply;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 01/06/2023]

“presidential election” means an election under the Presidential Elections Act 1991 for the purpose of electing the President;

“principal election agent” means —(a)

an election agent of a candidate in a group who has been appointed or is treated as appointed under section 62(5) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 as the principal election agent for that group; or[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

(b)

an election agent of a candidate at a presidential election who has been appointed or is treated as appointed under section 43(2A) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 as the principal election agent;[Act 8 of 2023 wef 29/12/2023]

“prohibited donor”, in relation to a politically significant person, has the meaning given by section 67;

“prohibited donor directive” means a directive given under section 67;

“property” includes money, and a reference to the provision of property accordingly includes the supply of goods;

“proprietor”, for an online location, means a person who —(a)

develops and maintains the online location;

(b)

organises, manages or supervises the use of the online location;

(c)

manages or regulates membership of, or access to, the online location; or

(d)

has the authority to decide whether any information or material may be included or excluded on the online location, or where to place the information or material on the online location or otherwise exercise editorial control over the online location;

“proscribed online location” means an online location declared under section 24 or 25 to be a proscribed online location;

“public” means the general public in Singapore and includes a section of the general public in Singapore;

“public authority” means a body established or constituted by or under a public Act to perform or discharge a public function, but excludes a Town Council constituted under the Town Councils Act 1988;

“Regulations” means regulations made under section 122;

“relevant entity” means any of the following persons: (a)

a partnership carrying on a business in Singapore and registered under the Business Names Registration Act 2014;

(b)

a body corporate that is registered under —(i)

the Companies Act 1967; or

(ii)

the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005;

(c)

an association (whether incorporate or not) that is registered under —(i)

the Co‑operative Societies Act 1979;

(ii)

the Societies Act 1966;[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

(iii)

the Trade Unions Act 1940; or[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

(iv)

the Platform Workers Act 2024;[Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/11/2024]

“relevant individual” means —(a)

a citizen of Singapore whether or not resident in Singapore; or

(b)

an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore but is resident in Singapore;

“repealed Act” means the Political Donations Act 2000 repealed by this Act;

“reportable arrangement to which a politically significant person is party” has the meaning given by section 78;

“reportable political donation” has the meaning given by section 53;

“reporting period” —(a)

for reportable political donations, has the meaning given by section 62;

(b)

for reportable arrangements to which a politically significant person is party, has the meaning given by section 76; or

(c)

for a Part 4 politically significant person given a directive under section 85(2)(b), has the meaning given by that section;

“responsible officer”, for a politically significant person who is not an individual, means —(a)

if a partnership — a partner of the partnership;

(b)

if a body corporate — the individual for the time being holding the office of chairperson, managing director or company secretary of the body corporate, or any position analogous to any of those offices in that body corporate; or

(c)

if an unincorporated body of persons other than a partnership —(i)

the individual for the time being holding the office of president, secretary or treasurer of the executive committee of the unincorporated body of persons, or any position analogous to any of those offices in that body; or

(ii)

where there is no such executive committee, the individual for the time being notified by the unincorporated body of persons to a competent authority as a responsible officer of that body of persons,

and includes any person carrying out the duties of any such office mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c)(i) if that office is vacant;

“Reviewing Tribunal” means a Reviewing Tribunal constituted by section 94;

“service restriction direction” means a direction described in section 35;

“Singapore aircraft” means an aircraft that is registered in Singapore under the Air Navigation Act 1966;

“Singapore vessel” means a vessel used in navigation by water (including an air‑cushioned vehicle such as a hovercraft or a submersible craft) that is registered (provisionally or otherwise) under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and its registry is not closed or deemed to be closed or suspended under that Act;

“stop communication (end‑user) direction” means a direction described in section 30;

“technical assistance direction” means a direction described in section 36;

“telecommunication service” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Telecommunications Act 1999;

“value”, in relation to any donation or benefit, has the meaning given by section 15;

“vehicle” means any means of transport, whether self‑propelled or not, used on land such as a train, bicycle, motor car or personal mobility device;

“writ” means a writ of election issued under section 24 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or, in the case of a presidential election, under section 6 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991.

(2) A reference in this Act to the results of an election being published is a reference to —(a)

for a parliamentary election, the date that either of the following is published in the Gazette, whichever being applicable to that election:(i)

the notice required by section 33(1)(b) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954, containing the name or names of the nominated candidate or the group of candidates declared elected;

(ii)

the statement of the poll and the name or names of the person or persons elected as Member or Members of Parliament at that election required by section 51 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 to be published; and

(b)

for a presidential election, the date that either of the following is published in the Gazette, whichever being applicable to that election:(i)

the notice required by section 15(1)(b) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991, containing the name of the nominated candidate declared elected as President;

(ii)

the statement of the poll and the name of the person elected to the office of President required by section 34 of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 to be published.

(3) [Deleted by Act 8 of 2023 wef 01/06/2023]