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in判決書

智慧財產及商業法院103年度民專訴字第59號

關鍵資訊

  • 裁判案由
    侵害專利權有關財產權爭議等
  • 案件類型
    智財
  • 審判法院
    智慧財產及商業法院
  • 裁判日期
    104 年 07 月 17 日

10359                      104 618 170 175 1 104 4 17104 5 261 4 2030-33 I384082 102 2 1 121 6 19102 8 7 102 8 19AG0EAG0F2 AG0EAG0FAG0EAG0F1 2 1.孿(twin density)孿(twin percentage) . (grain) (grain boundary) 孿(twin density) 1 退孿20% 103 1B121214退孿20% 142 20% 退孿孿退孿退孿退孿孿孿/ 孿twin density孿孿孿 孿退孿孿孿(twin density)孿孿孿277 5 西201311The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013Surface Reconstruction of an Annealing Twinned Ag-8Au-3Pd Alloy Wire Under Current Stressing5107孿/ 孿19西20126 Scripta MaterialiaThermal stability of grain structure and material properties in an annealing-twinned Ag-8Au-3Pd alloy wire20西20129 Journal ofELECTRONIC MATERIALSEffects of Annealing Twins on the Grain Growth and Mechanical Properties of Ag-8Au-3PD Bonding Wires退孿退孿退孿19607 1 2 9 19204 7 The specific grains containingannealing twins were also counted asaration tothe total number of grains in the FIB micrograph. FIB 退孿1920Twin Grain Percentage 退孿使1920使twin density19201920孿孿孿19201920twin density1920twin density 孿 孿(twinboundary density)孿孿5 孿5 孿孿(Twin Density)The(NT/NG) were also estimatedf rom the fractions of the intersections acro ss the twin boundaries(NT) to those of the whole grain boundaries(NG).FIB 孿孿5 1920twin density5 1920退孿退孿退孿孿孿=(孿/ ) 孿 2. 6 西19964 Acta Metall urgica Inc. FORMATION OFANNEALINGTWINSIN f.c.c. CRYSTALSASTME1126 6 1221西19531 Journal of Metals Measurement of Internal Boundaries in Three-Dimensional Structures By Random Sectioning ASTM E112-131221ASTME112-13 使ASTME112-13 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeThe test methods of determination of average grain size in metallic materials are primarily measuring procedures and,becauseof their purely geometric basis,are independent of the metalor alloy concerned.The intercept and planimetric methods are always applicable for determining average size.ASTME112-13 ASTME112-13 1.1 1.1These test methods cover the measurement of average grain size and include the comparison procedure,the plainimetric(or Jeffries) procedure,and the intercept procedures.These test methods may also be applied to nonmetallic materials with structures having appearances similar to those of the metallic structures shown in the comparison charts.These test methods applychiefly to single phase grain structures but they can be appliedto determine the average size of aparticular type of grain structure inamultiphase or multiconstituent specimen.1.1 Jeffries1.2 1.2 These test methods are used to determine the average grain size of specimens with a unimodal distribution of grainareas,diameters,or intercept lengths. These distributionare approximately log normal. These test methods do not cover methods to characterize the nature of these distributions. Characterization of grain size inspecimens with duplex grain size distributions is described in Test Methods E1181.Measurement of individual,very coarse grains in a fine grained matrix is described in Test Methods E930.1.2 使E1181 E930ASTM E112-13 ASTM E112-13 AG0EAG0FAG0EAG0F1 ASTM E112-13ASTM E112-13 ASTM E112-13 ASTM E112-13 使AG0EAG0FASTM E112-13 ASTM E112 6 12(grainedge length)(grain boundary area) 孿孿=(孿/ ) 孿孿 孿孿(twin density)孿孿便孿12ASTME112-13 孿ASTM E112-13 12 3.AG0EAG0F孿退孿退孿孿 AG0EAG0F退孿SEM SEM 孿TEM 34西20147 Journal of Alloys and CompoundsThermal stability of grainstructure and material properties in an annealing twinned Ag-4Pd alloy wire Ag-4Pd0.05孿38AG0EAG0FTEM AG0EAG0F1 孿1 1 退孿退孿1 孿28西20011 AASHISH ROHAGI "Metallurgical and Materials Transactions"136 27-31 The fraction of grains exhibiting deformation twins was determined by observing more than 100 grains for each quasi-statically deformed sample under a Nikon Ephiphot(NikonInc.,Melville,NY00000-0000)0047-3064)optical microscope. 孿Nikon Ephiphot(Nikon Inc.,Melville,NY00000-0000)100 1 %Grains with Deformation Twins孿28孿30西1997S.ASGARI"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions"17892 Number of Grain Examined3 Number of Grains Containing Deformation Twins 孿4 Extensive twin in seven grainsExtensive twining in eight grains 孿孿2 The TEM investigation was mainly focused on MP35N.MP35N TEM 1791From our data(TableI), we have also plotted in Figure15 the evolution of fraction of grains with extensive primary twins as a function of the imposed strain. I 15孿15Fraction of Grains Showing Extensive Twiming孿30孿ASTME112孿孿 4.AG0EAG0F12 AG0EAG0F退孿20% AG0EAG0FAG0EAG0F退孿20% 1 1942退孿20% 1 AG0EAG0F2 AG0EAg>96%Pd<4% AG0FAg>97%Au<0.2% Pd2%AG0EAG0F2 AG0EAG0F 1 - - - - 退孿20% 2 - 0.0130.00 wt% - 0.0110.00wt%--0.0130.00 wt% 0.0110.00wt% AG0E- 退孿20% - <4wt %AG0E1 2 AG0F- 退孿20% - - <0.2% 2%AG0F1 2 1.12 20% 退孿 2 20101222CN101925992 00260029Pd退Pd0035使便Pd退Pd2 Pd使1 2 退孿20% 2 便2 使調2 孿2 孿退孿2 2 孿20% 2 2 孿退調調2 1 2 15200erg/cm 退孿AlFCC 孿193 AuCuFCC 孿孿孿20% 孿2 5-7 1 2 20101 9 1 101 6 20101 1 2 20224 2020205 (conventional wire) 孿18% 孿20% 8 9 205 退孿20% 20 374-28c 退孿37% 374-28c - 374-28c 退孿孿374-28c 37 2.998 25999 1299262 3 退孿退孿37退孿FCC 退孿HCP 退孿孿退孿37孿退孿使1 2 退孿20% 1 2 99262 3 AG0EAG0F1 2 581 2 96 1 2 184 244 1 100 1.100 5 2.使AG0EAG0F 3.1 1.1 2 退孿20% 6 7 1010116-7 20141-2 172 退孿20 2.1 2 退孿20% 退孿退孿20 AG0EAG0F1 2 1.1 2 退孿20% 1 2 退孿20% 退孿20% 孿 退孿20% 退孿6 孿1 ASTM 13.4 5 6 12孿孿孿5 5107The twin densities (NT/NG)were also estimated from the fractions of the intersections across the twin boundaries(NT) to those of the whole grain boundaries(NG). 19205 使孿退孿退孿孿孿孿退孿退孿退孿退孿 5 6 2633使退孿by examining the effect of boron in reducing twin densityin annealed nickel 2636孿Smith andGuttman孿使Grain size and twin density were determined using the procedure developed by Smith and Guttman[12].To facilitate an accurate and statistically meaningful count of the number intersections of a random linewith grain boundaries and twin boundaries,aspeciallydesigned computer-aided and operator-interactive system for data acquisition andanalysis was used 2636退孿The annealed samples were polished and in each case the ratio of twin boundary intersections to grain boundary intersections was determined using the procedure outlined above. 26365 孿孿6 孿孿孿孿6 孿使1 ASTM13.4 Fig.5 15cm10cm50cm45°1 13.4 The formof such array is not critical,provided that all portions of the field are measured with approximately equal weight. 1 ASTM13.4Fig.5 孿6 2636孿Smith and Guttman 6 122186It is possiblet o experimentally measure on an actual two-di mensional section the total number of interc epts, N, with grain boundaries of a traversi ng line of a known total length,L(the total being made up of many lines,a distancedapar t,repeatedly crossing the area being examine d++)asin Fig. 4 4 L d 穿21++ d 1 6 121 126 12孿 孿孿退孿5 5107孿孿退孿19201920退孿退孿退孿調FIB 退孿 ASTM E112-13退孿1 ASTM E112-1313.45 6 12864 1 孿 ASTM E112-13ASTM E112-1313.4ASTM E112-13 孿孿退孿退孿孿退孿孿孿孿 6 孿1 ASTM 13.4 5 6 121 孿 2.AG0E1 6 126 121 1012AG0E孿孿20% AG0E1 2 3.AG0FASTM9 AG0F孿129 孿20% AG0F1 2 4.FIB 孿退孿退孿 AG0EAG0F退孿20% 1 2 1.1 2 99263 12 1 退孿20% 退孿20孿使使退孿退孿退孿退孿退孿孿孿退孿20% 退孿退孿使1 2 99263 121 2 退孿20% 退孿退孿退孿20% 使8wt%3wt%1 2 - 0.0130.00 wt% - 0.0110.00 wt% --0.0130.00 wt% 0.0110.00 wt% 1 - - - - 30% 40% 退孿退孿1 2 99263 2.1 2 使99262 退退孿退N-1 N 1 2 (N-1) 6 mm6000μm 22.6μm 250 退退99262 3.2 5-7 37201 2 2 2 使- - 2 [0074][0118]退調退 5 西19851988INTRODUCTION TO Materials Science FOR Engineers 101 1 2 5 FCC 退孿AgAuPdFCC 6 西2004L. Lu, Y. Shen,X. Chen. L. Qian, and K. Lu, Ultrahigh Str ength and High Electrical Conductivityin Cupper, SCIENCE, vol.304,2004, pp.422-426 101 1 2 6 13孿退孿 7 2011117 ZoltanHegedus,Jeno Gubicza, Megumi Kawasaki,Nguyen Q. Chinh, Zsolt Fogarassy and Terence G.Langdon,Microstructure of low stacking fault energysilver proessed by different routes of severe plastic deformation,Journal of Alloys and Compounds 536S(2012)S190-S193 101 1 2 7 dislocation density 孿twin boundary frequency 2.Experimental materials and procedures0.6Tm K 退Tm1235 K0.6Tm 741K468 C 退退使退退Tm0.6Tm 退 5 6 7 退孿退0.6 Tm 37101 1 2 37138 Fig.4-28c shows annealing twins in an fcc gold-silver alloy 4-28c - 退374-28c fcc - 退孿退孿20% 37 4-28c 退孿37% 2020203219Fig. 5退孿孿退孿20% 20便 5-7 37202 1 1 N-2 退孿便孿191 2 使1 2 使2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 5-7 37202 4.2 5-7 37203 2 退孿退0.6Tm Tm 3 西1999101900-000000 101 1 2 3 1 0.1 10 wt%PdPtCuRuOsRhIr0 40 wt%Au0.1 wt%- 5-7 372 3 2 2 1 - 0.0130.00 wt% - 0.0110.00 wt% - - 0.0130.00wt%0.0110.00 wt% 3 1 0.1 10 wt%PdPtCuRuOsRhIr0 40 wt%Au0.1 wt% - 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 1. 2. 3157 102 2 1 121 6 19113-41 102 8 7 AG0E0020MEAG0E0023MEAG0E0025ME550 680 780 AG0E102 8 19AG0E0018ME500 AG0E2 2 4 42-49 AG0EAg>96%Pd<4% 1 4665-76 AG0FAg>97%Au<0.2% Pd2%1 65-76 AG0EAG0F2 2 4 4 1 42-51 65-76 271 1 270 1 1 3 3 3157-158 1 退孿20% 1.1 2 2.使 3.2 5-7 1 4.2 5-7 3 2 1.AG0E1 2 2.AG0F1 2 3. 4.1 2 962 184 5.961 1 退孿 20% 1.10退孿1 退孿20% 退孿20% 2 316,7,10,11,14171 退孿20% G0退孿退孿 Gtwin 20% (Gtwin/G0)x100% 20% 2 7 57 2.2 10-11 ASTM1 121 EBSD 3.1 退孿20% 退孿退孿退孿20% 退孿20% 1 1.171 4 8 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 2.1 - - - - 退孿(Annealing Twin)20% 1 17(Fine Grain)(High Angle Grain Boundary) 使使1 17N 3 1%15% 退(N-1) 退退0.5Tm 0.7T m( ) 退1 10N N 退退(N-1) 退退20100 退2 60使退孿20% 1 18 3.1 29 171 4 8 AG0EAG0F1 2 1 - - - - 退孿20% 2 1 - 0.0130.00 wt% - 0.0110.00wt%- - 0.0130.00 wt% 0.0110.00wt% 4.2 AG0E - 退孿20% - <4wt% AG0F -- >97wt%<0.2 % 2 % 5.AG0EAG0F1 2 104 3 9 3 69-70 6 ASTM 13.4 5 6 12211 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 1 5 1A1E2 1 (2F) 1A 1B- - - - 1C 1D 1E退孿20% 2F- 0.0130.00wt%- 0.0110.00wt%- - 0.0130.00 wt%0.0110.00wt% AG0EAG0F1 2 1A1D2F 1A 5 1 46-49 1 4 AG0E7 AG0FFIB 2 2 208 AG0F(wire)AG0EAG0F1 1A 1B 5 1 4 AG0E- - - 7 4 AG0F- - AG0EAG0F1 1B 1C 126 121 AG0EAG0F孿AG0E3 127-128 AG0F2 129-130 AG0EAG0FAG0EAG0F1 1C 1D 12AG0EAG0F3 127 129 AG0EAG0FAG0E AG0F1 1D 2F AG0EAg>96%Pd<4% AG0FAg>97%Au<0.2% Pd2%AG0EAG0F2 2F AG0EAG0F1 2 1A1D2F2 206-207 a251-2523 123-124 AG0EAG0F1 2 1E 孿AG0EAG0F1 1E退孿20% 孿2 2369) A.ASTME112-13 :Standard Test Methods for Determining Average GrainSizeA STM E112-13 11.15000mm2 便50調For the planimetric procedure,inscribe a circle of known area(usually 5000mm2 to simplify the calculations) on a micrograph,amonitororon the ground-glass screen of the metallograph or video monitor.Select amagnification which will give at least 50 grainsinthe field tobecounted.When the image is focused properly,count the number of grains within this area.)1 118-118 便孿 B.28136 27-31 孿100 The fraction of grains exhibiting deformation twins was determinedby observing morethan 100 grains for each quasi-statically deformed sample undera Nikon Ephiphot(NikonInc.,Melville,NY000 00-0000)optical microscope. 2 155 100 孿 C.3017891 Number of Grain Examined孿Number of Grains Containing Deformation Twins 7 孿8 孿Extensive twining in seven grains Exten sive twining in eight grains2 182 退孿 D.AG0EAG0F孿AG0E37% 1 7 46.6% 25.76%1 248-249 34.07%27.4%(2 268 276 278 ) 21.1% 27.8% 2 292 AG0F31.0% 26.1% 2 292 E.AG0EAG0F退孿20% AG0EAG0F1 1E孿2 112-114 247-249 A.ASTME112-13 :Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 13.44 使5(7)(The effects of moderate departure from an equiaxed structure may be eliminatedby making intercept counts on a line array containing lines having four or more orientations.The four straight lines of Fig. 5(superscript7) may beused.The form of such arrays is not critical,provided that all portions of the field are measured with approximately equal weight.)2 125 3 B.5 5107孿=(孿)/( ) The twin densities (NT/NG)were also estimated from the fractions of the intersections across the twin boundaries(NT) to those of the whole grain boundaries (NG).) 1 300 3 27118 ) C.6 2633使退孿by examining the effect of boron in reducingtwin density in annealed nickel)26363 Smith and Guttman 孿使Grain size and twin density were determined using the procedure developed by Smith and Guttman[12]. To facilitate an accurate and statistically meaningful count of the number intersections of a random line with grain boundaries and twin boundaries,a specially designed computer-aided and operator-interactive system for data acquisition and analysis was used26364 退孿The annealed samples were polished and in each case the ratio of twin boundary intersections to grain boundary intersections was determined using the procedure out lined above.5 4 孿孿2 112 3 119 ) D.216 12863 4 L d 穿(It is possible toexperimentally measure on an actual two-dimensional section the total number ofintercepts, N, with  grain boundaries of a traversing line of a known total length, L (the total being made up ofmanylines, a distance dapart, repeatedly crossing the areabeing examined++) asinFig.4 21++d 1 (A grid 20 cm with lines 1cmapart has been found satisfactory.) 3 120 135 214 5 E.6 孿1 ASTM E112-135 AG0F18.1 %16.9% 2 226 AG0E18.1% 17.7% 1 161 6 121 3 120 126 121 AG0E AG0F孿9 101 2 205 -2074 44AG0F14.0% 13.0% 15.2% 12.9% 2 226 AG0E14.72%14.36%2 227 F.AG0EAG0F AG0EAG0F退孿20% AG0EAG0F1 1E 孿 1 退孿20 %退孿20% 孿20% / ASTM E112-13 13.4 5 6 1221孿4 42-43 孿孿/ 5 孿孿3 27118 6 孿退孿2 112 -113248 3 27 119- 119216 孿Smith and Guttman L d 穿1 ( 3 120 ) ASTM E112-1313.4Fig.5 孿3 119-119 101215... 1B101212141 1925William D.Callister, Jr.西20077 Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction G5(Grain boundary. The interfaceseparating two adjoining grains having different crystallographic orientations.)2 127 26Robert E.Reed-Hill1994PhysicalMetallurgy Principles 168 6.1 350 0.05mm(Figure6.1shows the crystallinestructure of atypicalpolycrystalline(many crystal) specimen magnified 350times. The average diameter of the crystals is approximately 0.05mm, and each crystal is seen to be separated from its neighbors by dark lines,the grain boundaries.) 2 128 退孿9 AG0F孿孿孿2 223 4 439 11孿e.2 223 孿4 孿0 孿孿孿孿孿 1 孿孿孿退孿孿孿使孿孿孿AG0EAG0F1 退孿20% 9 2 262-369 3 245 退孿3 73孿 孿便孿2 267 TEM 1 退孿3 244-245 TEM 孿使孿 ... 退孿(Face CenteredCubic FCC)... {111} 1 224-6 退退孿退... 退孿1 2225226 ... 孿使... 1 2422-24 ... 12A 1 {111} {111} 退孿12B X {111} ... 1 255-9 ... 600 301 孿8C) 9C) 1 ... 1 263-7 退孿X {111} 使X {111} 孿TEM 孿 FCC 孿退孿3 183-184 西20081 14Scripta MaterialiaMicrostructure and yield strength of severely deformed silver 退(Equal-channel angular pressing,ECAP) 退孿1b孿ECAP退ECAP退4 孿孿退孿TEM 3 139 140 143 TEM 孿 9 10AG0EAG0F退孿20% 1 2 1E9 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 AG0EAG0F1 2 581 2 961 2 184 1 78         104    7     17      20         104    7     17