ART. 17. Principals.—The following are considered principals:
Those who take a direct part in the execution of the act;
Those who directly force or induce others to commit it;
Those who cooperate in the commission of the offense by another act without which it would not have been accomplished.
Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of July 4, 2026
CitationAct No. 3815 (The Revised Penal Code) Article 17 (LawPlayer, data as of July 4, 2026)
Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).