FSSA2025 § 3 — General interpretation

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§ 3 — General interpretation

3.—(1) In this Act —“advertise” or “advertising”, as a verb, has the meaning given by section 7(2);

“advertisement” has the meaning given by section 7(5);

“Agency” means the Singapore Food Agency established by the Singapore Food Agency Act 2019;

“agri‑food production input” means any of the following to the extent that it is essential in undertaking any primary production activity:(a)

any animal feed;

(b)

any plant pesticide;

(c)

any animal reproductive material from a food producing animal;

(d)

any young of a food producing animal;

(e)

any seed, spore, bulb, root, cutting or other part of a plant from which plants grow or further plants grow;

(f)

any veterinary biologics, or any vaccines, antitoxins or other preparations made from living organisms, which are suitable for use in diagnosing, treating or immunising animals;

(g)

any vitamin or mineral substance or other substances suitable for, or used for, administration or application to an animal or plant by any means, or consumption by an animal, as a way of directly or indirectly improving growth or modifying the physiology of the animal or plant so as to alter its natural development, productivity, quality or reproductive capacity,

and excludes any primary produce;

“agri‑food supply chain” and “agri‑food supply chain participant” have the meanings given by section 18(1);

“aircraft” includes an unmanned aircraft;

“analysis” includes any examination or testing of food or any other thing;

“animal” means —(a)

any fish;

(b)

any reptile;

(c)

any amphibian;

(d)

any bird;

(e)

any mammal (other than man);

(f)

any invertebrate, regardless of the stage of development it is in; or

(g)

any egg, or any reptile egg, amphibian egg, fish egg, invertebrate egg or monotreme egg;

“animal feed” has the meaning given by section 16;

“animal feed production licence” means a licence granted under Division 2 of Part 11 authorising the holder of the licence to produce animal feed in the course of a business;

“animal feed regulations” means any regulations made under section 313;

“animal reproductive material” means —(a)

an embryo, egg or ovum, or roe, semen or sperm, of a food producing animal; or

(b)

any other part, or product, of a food producing animal from which another food producing animal could be produced;

“applicable standard” has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“aquaculture” means doing any of the following on land in, or in the sea within the territorial waters of, Singapore:(a)

cultivating fish or marine vegetation for the purposes of harvesting the fish or marine vegetation or their progeny with a view to sale;

(b)

keeping fish or marine vegetation in a confined area for a commercial purpose (such as in a grow‑out pond or tank),

but does not include any of the following:

(c)

keeping anything in a pet shop for sale or in an aquarium for exhibition (including an aquarium operated commercially);

(d)

doing anything for the purposes of maintaining a collection of fish or marine vegetation otherwise than for a commercial purpose;

(e)

keeping any fish in or on any premises for the purpose of serving the fish as meals to the general public, or otherwise for the purpose of consumption, in or on those premises;

“associate” has the meaning given by section 17;

“authorised analyst” means an individual appointed under section 287(1) as such;

“authorised officer”, in relation to a provision of this Act, means —(a)

the Director‑General; or

(b)

an individual appointed under section 278(1) as an authorised officer for the purposes of that provision;

“biosecurity carrier” and “biosecurity matter” have the meanings given by section 125(2);

“business” includes —(a)

a venture or concern in trade or commerce, whether or not conducted on a regular, repetitive or continuous basis;

(b)

the carrying out of an activity as a self‑employed person, but not as an employee; and

(c)

any business, whether or not carried on for profit,

and the fact that an unincorporated association provides services to its members does not prevent those services from being services provided in the course of a business;

“catalogued insect‑like species” means an insect‑like species which is declared a catalogued insect‑like species under section 13(2);

“code of practice” means a code of practice issued or approved under section 317;

“computer” and “data” have the meanings given by section 2(1) of the Computer Misuse Act 1993;

“consignment permit” means —(a)

an import consignment permit mentioned in section 76(2);

(b)

an export consignment permit mentioned in section 76(3); or

(c)

a transhipment consignment permit mentioned in section 76(4);

“contaminant”, for any particular food, has the meaning given by section 12(3);

“content” means any information or material —(a)

whether in the form of text;

(b)

whether in the form of speech, music or other sounds;

(c)

whether in the form of colours or visual images (animated or otherwise), pictorial or graphic form (for example, an anthropomorphic or a humanlike depiction);

(d)

whether in electronic or digital form; or

(e)

whether in any other form,

and includes information or material in any combination of forms;

“controlled item” has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“conveyance” means any of the following (but not while it is goods imported or exported):(a)

an aircraft;

(b)

a vessel;

(c)

a vehicle;

(d)

a train (including railway rolling stock);

(e)

any other mode of transport, whether of goods, people or both goods and people;

“cooking” includes air‑frying, deep‑frying, baking, roasting, grilling, sautéing, searing, stir‑frying, boiling, steaming, blanching, simmering, braising and stewing;

“corporation” means a body corporate formed or incorporated or existing in or outside Singapore, and includes any foreign company within the meaning of section 4(1) of the Companies Act 1967;

“country” includes a territory, and any part of a country;

“courier” means a person who, in the normal course of a business, transports objects or things on behalf of another person;

“cultivate” —(a)

for any animal, includes propagate, hatch, breed, rear and farm the animal; and

(b)

for any plant, includes —(i)

plant a seed, seedling or cutting of the plant or transplant the plant;

(ii)

nurture, tend to or grow the plant;

(iii)

harvest the plant;

(iv)

hydroponically cultivate the plant; and

(v)

cultivate the plant with the application of an artificial source of light or heat;

“current”, in relation to any FSSA authorisation, means an FSSA authorisation that is in effect and is neither suspended, revoked nor cancelled;

“deal with”, in relation to any thing, includes —(a)

moving, altering or interfering with the thing in any physical manner; and

(b)

supplying the thing or otherwise entering into a transaction whereby the ownership of the thing, or of any beneficial interest in the thing, passes from one person to another;

“defined food” has the meaning given by section 13(1);

“director” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Companies Act 1967;

“Director‑General” means the Director‑General, Food Administration appointed under section 277(1);

“Director‑General, Food Security” means the Director‑General, Food Security appointed under section 274(1);

“Director‑General of Health” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Infectious Diseases Act 1976;

“disclose”, in relation to information, includes to make available to or provide access to the information;

“disruptive event” means any of the following occurrences happening in Singapore or outside Singapore, whether natural or caused by human acts or omissions:(a)

an epidemic or a pandemic, the spread of any disease affecting food producing animals, an infestation of pests or a similar health hazard to humans, animals or plants;

(b)

a storm, storm tide, tsunami, flood, drought, an eruption or earthquake, a landslip or other occurrence of a similar kind;

(c)

an explosion or a fire, a chemical, fuel or oil spill, a gas leak or a poor air quality episode involving smoke;

(d)

a war, civil war, revolution, rebellion, insurrection or civil unrest arising therefrom, any hostile act by or against a belligerent power, any act of terrorism or other act of serious violence;

(e)

an export ban of any goods (identifiable or in general) by a foreign country of indeterminate length;

(f)

a strike, lockout, restraint of labour or other labour disturbance from any cause, whether partial or general;

(g)

an accident associated with the operation of a conveyance that causes widespread or severe damage to the environment, widespread or severe property loss or damage, or widespread deviations in the international transport of goods;

“document” means any thing in which content (in whatever form) is recorded;

Examples

A letter, a menu, a catalogue, an email, a painting, a thumb drive, a film and a sound recording.

“donate” means —(a)

a person giving to another any thing for a charitable, benevolent, or philanthropic purpose without receiving any money or money’s worth; or

(b)

a person giving for a charitable, benevolent, or philanthropic purpose, and without the person receiving any money or money’s worth, any thing donated by another,

but excludes an individual giving any thing to another individual as part of a personal relationship between them that is not commercial in nature;

“dressed” means the removal of parts of an animal after slaughter to prepare it for human consumption as food;

“drinking water” means —(a)

water that is intended for human consumption or for purposes connected with human consumption (such as the washing, preparation or cooking of food or the making of ice intended for human consumption, or for the preservation of unpackaged food), whether or not the water includes use for other purposes; or

(b)

water held out as water in paragraph (a),

but does not include any water intended for consumption solely by animals;

“drinking water producer” has the meaning given by section 114(1);

“edible plant” means a species of plant that is capable of being consumed as food;

“egg” means the egg of any avian species that is capable of being consumed as food;

“egg product” means —(a)

the whole or part of the content of an egg with the shell removed, and in any form (including frozen, liquid, or dried); or

(b)

any egg that is subject to a process of preserving or pickling;

“engage in conduct” means —(a)

to do an act or omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time; or

(b)

to both do an act and omit to do an act —(i)

on a single occasion; or

(ii)

on a number of occasions over a period of time;

“entity” means —(a)

a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership);

(b)

an unincorporated association;

(c)

a partnership;

(d)

a business trust;

(e)

a body of individuals who together form a body; or

(f)

a person other than an individual;

“examine” includes weigh, count, test and measure;

“export” does not include the taking out of Singapore of —(a)

any goods in transit without landing in Singapore; or

(b)

any goods that are being transhipped;

“export” and “export‑controlled item” have the meanings given by section 42(1);

“failing”, for a controlled item, has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“farm management plan” has the meaning given by section 90;

“fish” means any species of fish (whether marine or freshwater), and includes —(a)

crustacea, shellfish, echinoderm, molluscs or any other form of aquatic life; and

(b)

the roe or young of any fish;

“fish product” means any of the following intended for human consumption as food:(a)

any part of any fish;

(b)

any product derived from processing or preserving fish;

(c)

any product containing fish;

“food” has the meaning given by section 4;

“food additive” means any substance not normally consumed as a food in itself and not normally used as a characteristic ingredient of food, whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, transport or storage of such food results, or may be reasonably expected to result, in it or its by‑products becoming directly or indirectly a component of such foods;

“food business” has the meaning given by section 5;

“food business licence” means a licence granted under Part 4 to carry on a licensable food business at the premises stated in the licence;

“food business licensee” means a holder of a current food business licence;

“food contact article” means the whole or any part of any utensil, machinery, instrument, device, apparatus, packaging, appliance or article that (a)

is used, or is designed or intended for use, in or in connection with the handling of food; and

(b)

has or may have direct contact with food when it is used, in or in connection with the handling of food,

but excludes any pipe, water fitting, apparatus or appliance used for the supply of water by the Public Utilities Board;

“food control plan” has the meaning given by section 90;

“food inspector”, in relation to a provision of this Act, means an individual who is appointed under section 279(1) as a food inspector for the purposes of that provision;

“food premises” means premises in, on or from which a food business is carried on, even on an occasional basis, and includes —(a)

a tent, stall or other structure that is not permanently fixed to a site when it is used to carry on a food business (called a temporary food premises);

(b)

any premises that is a vehicle; and

(c)

a food vending machine,

but does not include any description of premises declared by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, not to be a food premises;

“food producing animal” means a species of animal that may be bred, raised or kept, or slaughtered, trapped or harvested —(a)

to produce food; or

(b)

to be used as food,

but excludes any such animal when kept as a pet;

“food production substance” has the meaning given by section 12(3);

“food safety scheme” means any regulations made under section 310;

“food security” means a reasonable access to a range of foods that are safe, suitable and not defined food, and are of a sufficient quantity to meet the basic nutritional needs of Singapore’s communities;

“food security factors” has the meaning given by section 18(1);

“food security officer”, in relation to a provision of this Act, means —(a)

the Director-General, Food Security; or

(b)

an individual appointed under section 275(1) as a food security officer for the purposes of that provision;

“food vending machine” means a machine or mechanical device that is used or capable of being used for selling or supplying any kind of food directly to a customer without the personal manipulation or attention of the seller, or the seller’s employee or agent, at the time of sale, but does not include a driverless vehicle that is capable, because of its construction, of carrying or serving ready‑to‑eat food for consumers’ immediate consumption at a place or premises where the food was prepared;

“food worker” means an individual who is or is to be employed by, or works or is required to work with or for, a proprietor of a food business in any capacity involving any of the following activities in the course of the operations of the food business:(a)

manufacturing food;

(b)

preparing food;

(c)

dishing up or plating (and not merely serving) food;

(d)

any other activity that is prescribed by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, for the purposes of this Act;

“foreign country” means a country outside Singapore;

“foreign food authority” means a national food authority of a foreign country whose functions correspond to that of the Agency under this Act;

“foreign government” means —(a)

the government of a foreign country;

(b)

an authority or instrumentality of the government of a foreign country; or

(c)

a foreign regional government body;

“fresh fruits and vegetables” means unprocessed and raw fruits and vegetables that are intended for human consumption as food;

“FSSA authorisation” means —(a)

a licence that may be granted under Part 3;

(b)

a consignment permit;

(c)

a food business licence to carry on a licensable food business at premises stated in the licence;

(d)

an animal feed production licence;

(e)

an appointment as a certified pesticide operator;

(f)

a pre‑market approval; or

(g)

a registration of a plant pesticide product under Part 11;

“general public” means the general public in Singapore and includes a section of the general public;

“genetically modified food” has the meaning given by section 13(3);

“goods” includes any food, food contact articles, animal feed and plant pesticides;

“goods in transit” means goods that are brought into Singapore solely for the purpose of taking them out of Singapore and that remain at all times on the conveyance that brought them into Singapore;

“grant”, for any FSSA authorisation, includes the following:(a)

granting on renewing the FSSA authorisation;

(b)

treating under the Second Schedule as granted under any provision of this Act;

“handling”, in relation to food, has the meaning given by section 9;

“hazard” has the meaning given by section 125(2);

“holder”, for an FSSA authorisation, means the person to whom the FSSA authorisation is granted;

“home”, of an individual, means the individual’s ordinary place of residence in Singapore;

“identification card” —(a)

in relation to a food security officer, means an identification card issued under section 281(1) to the food security officer;

(b)

in relation to an authorised officer or a food inspector, means an identification card issued under section 282(1) to the authorised officer or food inspector;

(c)

in relation to an outsourced enforcement officer, means an identification card issued under section 285(3) to the outsourced enforcement officer; or

(d)

in relation to a Part 9 enforcement officer, means an identification card issued under section 175(4) to the Part 9 enforcement officer;

“import” and “import‑controlled item” have the meanings given by section 42(1);

“insect‑like species” means a form of animal life within the biological classification Insecta, Arachnida, Myriapoda or Clitellata, and includes an insect-like species at a particular stage of its development;

“inspection scheme” means an inspection scheme set out in any inspection scheme regulations;

“inspection scheme regulations” means any regulations made under section 71;

“intended use”, in relation to food, means the use of the food that is specifically stated, or could reasonably be presumed to be intended, taking into account the food’s nature, labelling, packaging and identification;

“label”, in relation to any goods, includes any tag, brand, stamp, mark, stencil or written statement, any representation or design, or any descriptive matter, that —(a)

is attached to, annexed or affixed to the goods or any container or packaging of or thing used in connection with the goods;

(b)

is written, printed, stamped or located on the goods or any container or packaging of or thing used in connection with the goods;

(c)

is determined on the basis of anything encoded on or in relation to the goods;

(d)

is displayed or used in connection with, or is accompanying, the goods or anything on which the goods are mounted for display or exposed for supply; or

(e)

is otherwise applied to the goods or any container or packaging of or thing used in connection with the goods in a manner from which it may reasonably be inferred that it is applicable to those goods,

and includes a label that is partly obscured by another label that is written, stamped or located partly over the firstmentioned label;

“labelling requirement”, for any food or agri‑food production input, means a regulation made under section 309(2) in relation to that food or agri‑food production input;

“land” includes —(a)

any structure or premises in, under or over land;

(b)

any foreshore;

(c)

any land that is underwater; and

(d)

any open space;

“licence” means a licence granted or deemed granted under this Act;

“licensable activity” has the meaning given by section 230;

“licensable food business” has the meaning given by section 6;

“licensed exporter” has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“licensed importer” has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“limited liability partnership” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005;

“lot” has the meaning given by section 42(1);

“meal” means food that —(a)

is, or is intended to be, eaten by an individual sitting at a table, or a fixed structure used as a table; and

(b)

is of adequate substance as to be ordinarily accepted as a meal;

“meat” means raw food that is the whole or any part of the carcass of a slaughtered animal (including edible offal) after it is dressed, whether fresh or after freezing or chilling, but does not include any hide, tallow, meat product, fish or fish product;

“meat processing” means —(a)

the production of meat products from slaughtered animals —(i)

by mixing meat with another meat or any other substance; or

(ii)

by cutting, mincing, curing, boning, drying, smoking, preserving, salting, fermenting or otherwise treating, meat after slaughter;

(b)

the storage or packing of any meat or meat product; or

(c)

any other activity that is prescribed by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, for the purpose of this definition where the activity involves meat;

“meat product” means any of the following intended for human consumption as food:(a)

any product wholly or partially prepared or made from meat;

(b)

any product in paragraph (a) which is partially processed, prepared for further processing or fully processed, by any method mentioned in paragraph (a) of the definition of “meat processing”,

but does not include any of the following:

(c)

fish or a fish product;

(d)

the whole or part of an animal, or a product resulting from the processing or preserving of meat, that is or is of a class excluded by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, from this definition;

“medical practitioner” means an individual who is a legally qualified medical practitioner;

“menu” means a menu, in printed or electronic form, that —(a)

lists or otherwise shows one or more items of food; and

(b)

is either —(i)

on a board, screen, poster, leaflet or similar thing in or at the premises from which the items of food shown on the menu are sold; or

(ii)

displayed on an online location of a person who sells, or causes to be sold, the items of food online,

and includes any other document that is prescribed in any regulations made under this Act;

“Minister” means —(a)

except as provided in paragraph (b), the Minister charged with the responsibility for food safety and food supply resilience and sustainability; or

(b)

for the purposes of Part 9 and any Part 9 Regulations, the Minister charged with the responsibility for health promotion;

“mobile home” means a conveyance, other than a vessel —(a)

that is ordinarily used as an individual’s home; and

(b)

that is permanently or semi‑permanently stationary in a single place in Singapore;

“modification” or “modify”, in relation to the conditions of any licence, includes deleting, or varying and substituting a condition, and adding a condition;

“motor vehicle” means a vehicle that —(a)

is propelled wholly or partly by a motor or by any means other than human or animal power; and

(b)

is used or intended to be used on any road,

and includes a motor vehicle that is constructed to drive itself, and a mobility scooter, motorised wheelchair, power‑assisted bicycle or personal mobility device within the respective meanings given by the Active Mobility Act 2017;

“movement control direction” means a written direction described in section 126 that is given —(a)

under section 125; or

(b)

under section 134 in relation to animal feed;

“MSR” or “minimum stockholding requirement” has the meaning given by section 18(1);

“MSR activity” and “MSR product” have the meanings given by section 18(1);

“MSR charge” means an amount calculated in accordance with section 29(3) or 30(3);

“non‑retail food business” means a food business that is not a retail food business, and includes a food business a component of which involves a retail food business provided that the component is ancillary or incidental to the non‑retail food business;

“notice” does not include giving notice orally;

“novel food” has the meaning given by section 13(3);

“offence under this Act” includes an offence under any subsidiary legislation made under this Act;

“officer” —(a)

in relation to a corporation, means any director, partner, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, and includes —(i)

any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and

(ii)

for a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members, any of those members as if the member were a director of the corporation;

(b)

in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, and includes —(i)

any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of the committee of the unincorporated association; and

(ii)

any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and

(c)

in relation to a partnership (including a limited partnership), a partner of the partnership,

and includes any person carrying out the duties of any such office referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) if the office is vacant;

“officer of customs” has the meaning given by section 3(1) of the Customs Act 1960;

“online location” means any internet domain, website, webpage, chatroom, channel, group, forum or any other location, that can be accessed by means of the internet;

“online material” means content (including any computer program, machine code and internet link) that can be accessed at an online location by means of the internet;

“outdated”, in relation to any food in or from a package, has the meaning given by section 12(3);

“outsourced enforcement officer” means an individual who is appointed under section 285(1) as an outsourced enforcement officer;

“owner”, in relation to any food, includes any person (other than an officer of customs or an authorised officer) being or holding himself or herself out to be the owner, importer, consignee, agent or person having control of, a beneficial interest in, or the power of disposition over, the food;

“pack” includes re‑pack;

“packaged food” means food that is encased, covered, enclosed, wrapped, bottled, contained or packed in a closed packaging intended for retail sale;

“packaging”, as a noun, includes any thing in or by which goods intended for supply are wholly or partly encased, covered, enclosed, wrapped, bottled, contained or packed; and if the goods are carried or supplied or intended to be carried or supplied in more than one packaging, includes each of the packaging, but does not include any of the following:(a)

bulk cargo containers;

(b)

pallet overwraps;

(c)

crates and packaging that do not obscure labels on the goods;

(d)

vehicles;

“Part 2 Rules” means any rules made under section 40;

“Part 6 Regulations” means any regulations made under section 312;

“Part 7 direction” means a direction made by the Director‑General under Part 7;

“Part 9 enforcement officer”, in relation to a provision of this Act, means an individual appointed under section 175(1) as a Part 9 enforcement officer for the purposes of that provision;

“Part 9 Regulations” means any regulations made under section 174;

“partner”, in relation to a limited partnership, includes a limited partner in the limited partnership;

“pest”, in relation to a plant, means any invertebrate, plant or other living thing (other than a human) that injuriously affects or is capable of injuriously affecting the physical condition, worth or utility of the firstmentioned plant;

“pesticide control regulations” means any regulations made under section 314;

“pet” means any animal which —(a)

is in a domesticated state or under the control of humans, regardless of whether animals of its species are classified at common law as being of a tame or domestic nature (such as pet herpetofauna);

(b)

is a species ordinarily kept by an individual in his or her private residence; and

(c)

is not kept for the purpose of human consumption;

“physical harm” includes any illness and any injury;

“place” means any land, premises or conveyance, or a part of any land, premises or conveyance;

“plant”, as a noun, means —(a)

any species of plant (whether living or dead);

(b)

any vegetable, fruit, flower, leaf, stem, branch, bulb, spore, seed, root, cutting, graft, scion and any other part (whether severed or attached) intended for propagation or from which further plants may be propagated; or

(c)

any mushroom or cyanobacteria,

and includes any part of a plant;

“plant pesticide” means a substance or a mixture of substances that is represented, imported, supplied or prepared, or used in the course of cultivating plants, as a means of directly —(a)

destroying, repelling, inhibiting the feeding of, or preventing infestation by or attacks of, any pest in relation to a plant;

(b)

destroying a plant;

(c)

modifying the physiology of a plant or pest so as to alter its natural development, productivity, quality or reproductive capacity; or

(d)

attracting a plant pest for the purpose of destroying it,

but does not include any substance or mixture of substances declared by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, not to be a plant pesticide;

“plant pesticide product” means an item of plant pesticide that is manufactured for sale or to be made available for sale;

“poultry” means a chicken, turkey, duck, goose, quail, squab, guinea fowl or pheasant;

“pre‑market approval” has the meaning given by section 105;

“premises” means —(a)

any place in Singapore —(i)

whether enclosed or not;

(ii)

whether built on or not; and

(iii)

whether underground or underwater; or

(b)

any conveyance in Singapore,

and includes any part of such a place or conveyance;

“prepacked”, in relation to food, means food that is sealed or packed in the package in which the food is to be supplied;

“prepare”, in relation to food, has the meaning given by section 10(3);

“prescribed infectious disease” means —(a)

any disease set out in the First or Second Schedule to the Infectious Diseases Act 1976;

(b)

any skin disease which is likely to be contagious; or

(c)

any other disease prescribed by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, to be an infectious disease for the purposes of this Act;

“prescribed pesticide work” has the meaning given by section 189(1);

“primary produce” has the meaning given by section 14;

“primary production activity” has the meaning given by section 15;

“private consumption” has the meaning given by section 44;

“private residence” means any of the following that is ordinarily used as an individual’s home, regardless that it is uninhabited from time to time:(a)

a building, structure or tent, or part of a building, structure or tent;

(b)

a mobile home,

and includes any lawn, garden or surfaced or unsurfaced open space abutting that building, structure, tent or mobile home which is used or capable of being used lawfully and exclusively by the individual as part of the enjoyment of his or her home;

“proprietor”, for a food business, means —(a)

the person carrying on the food business; or

(b)

if the person in paragraph (a) cannot be identified, the person in charge of the food business;

“proscribed substance”, in relation to a particular animal feed, means a substance that is prohibited under the animal feed regulations with respect to the particular animal feed;

“provision of this Act” includes a provision of any subsidiary legislation made under this Act;

“public authority” means any body established or constituted by or under any public Act to perform a public function, but excludes a Town Council;

“public interest of Singapore” includes in the interest of the security of Singapore or any part of Singapore;

“public place” means —(a)

any place in Singapore (open to the air or otherwise) to which members of the general public have access as of right or by virtue of express or implied permission, whether or not on payment of a fee, and whether or not access to the place may be restricted at particular times or for particular purposes; or

(b)

a part of a place in Singapore that the occupier of the place allows members of the general public to enter, but only while the place is ordinarily open to members of the general public;

“Public Utilities Board” means the public authority of that name continued under section 3 of the Public Utilities Act 2001;

“ready‑to‑eat”, in relation to food, means food that does not necessarily require any further preparing before human consumption as food, and includes cup noodles, fruit juice cordial, squash or syrup, powdered beverages and other concentrated food which are meant to be reconstituted or diluted with fluids before consumption;

“registered”, in relation to a food worker, means registered by the Agency as a trained food worker, either generally or in relation to a particular licensable food business;

“registered plant pesticide product” means a plant pesticide product that is registered under Division 3 of Part 11;

“regulated food contact article” means a food contact article prescribed by the Minister, by order in the Gazette, as a regulated food contact article;

“repealed law” means any of the following:(a)

the Sale of Food Act 1973;

(b)

the Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999;

“requirement of this Act” means —(a)

a requirement of or under any provision of this Act;

(b)

a requirement of a section 116 direction or a Part 7 direction; or

(c)

a requirement of a notice given under any provision of this Act;

“restrict” includes allow on conditions;

“retail food business” means a food business involving —(a)

the preparation of food for direct retail sale to consumers (other than as part of paragraph (b) or (c));

(b)

the sale, preparation or serving, of food that is ready‑to‑eat for consumers’ immediate consumption at the place, on delivery, when taken away, or from mobile or vehicle-based businesses that prepare such food;

(c)

the sale, preparation or serving, of —(i)

ready‑to‑eat food for consumers’ immediate consumption at a place or premises other than where the food was prepared; or

(ii)

food at a place or premises of the consumer’s choosing for the consumer’s immediate consumption at that place or premises; or

(d)

the handling (without any preparation) of food for direct retail sale to consumers (other than as part of paragraph (b) or (c)) at the place or when taken away;

“sample” includes —(a)

a specimen; and

(b)

a part of a sample (including a part of a specimen mentioned in paragraph (a));

“section 116 direction” means a written direction under section 116(2);

“service”, as a verb and in relation to a food vending machine, means to stock or replenish that machine with food;

“SFA officer” means —(a)

an employee of the Agency; or

(b)

a public officer, or an employee of another public authority, for the time being performing duties in the Agency under a contract, or under an arrangement (such as a secondment) making available temporarily to the Agency the services of the public officer or the other public authority’s employee;

“slaughter”, for an animal, means to kill the animal for human consumption, and includes the killing of the animal in the process of capturing, taking or harvesting it for the purposes of preparing it for use as food;

“standard” means a standard made under section 309(1);

“stated”, in relation to an FSSA authorisation, means specified or described in the FSSA authorisation;

“structure” does not include a conveyance;

“substance” includes —(a)

any gas, liquid or solid;

(b)

any organism or part of an organism;

(c)

any material that is produced from an organism;

(d)

any matter whose production involves the use of an organism;

(e)

any radioactivity or electromagnetic radiation; and

(f)

a combination of substances;

“supervising”, in relation to the engaging in any conduct or carrying out of work (including an analysis) by an individual (A), means —(a)

observing or monitoring the conduct being engaged in or work being carried out by A to the extent necessary to enable the observer or monitor to form an opinion as to whether the conduct or work is being engaged in or carried out properly; and

(b)

being available to give advice to, and answer questions about the work from, A when A is engaging in that conduct or carrying the work out;

“temporary fair” means a fair, function or activity, the promoting, organising or staging of which requires a permit under section 35 of the Environmental Public Health Act 1987;

“tranship” and “transhipment‑controlled item” have the meanings given by section 42(1);

“transport”, as a verb, means to carry on any conveyance in the course of a business, and includes any operation incidental to the whole course of carriage, such as loading, unloading and storage in transit;

“unincorporated association” means a society or body unincorporate which, under any written law, may sue or be sued, or hold property, in the name of an officer of the society or body duly appointed for that purpose;

“unmanned aircraft” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Air Navigation Act 1966;

“unmanned vessel” means a vessel equipped wholly or substantially with an autonomous system (such as an unmanned surface vehicle and a saildrone) and includes a barge drawn by an unmanned vessel;

“unregistered plant pesticide” means a plant pesticide that is not a registered plant pesticide product, and includes a plant pesticide product the registration of which is wholly suspended under section 209(2);

“unsafe” —(a)

in relation to food, has the meaning given by section 11; and

(b)

in relation to primary produce, has the meaning given by section 14(3);

“unsuitable”, in relation to food, has the meaning given by section 12;

“unwholesome”, in relation to non‑packaged drinking water, has the meaning given by section 115(4);

“use”, for a plant pesticide, means using in such a way that one or more plants are exposed to it, and includes —(a)

applying, spraying, spreading or dispersing the plant pesticide by any means on plants;

(b)

keeping the plant pesticide for any activity in paragraph (a); or

(c)

preparing the plant pesticide for any activity in paragraph (a);

“vehicle” means any vehicle (whether mechanically propelled or otherwise) that runs on wheels and is designed to transport goods, people or goods and people, on land, but excludes a train or rolling stock;

“vessel” means a boat, launch or floating craft used in navigation by water, however propelled or moved, and includes an unmanned vessel and a floating facility;

“veterinary drug” has the meaning given by section 12(3).

(2) For the purposes of this Act and without limiting the generality of the definition of “content” in subsection (1) —(a)

any content consisting of or including a hyperlink is taken to include the content that may be accessed directly via the hyperlink; and

(b)

any content consisting of or including an image or item on which data is stored electronically (such as a QR code) is taken to include content that may be accessed directly by means of the image or item.

(3) For the purposes of this Act and without limiting the generality of the definition of “label” in subsection (1), the following content is taken to be a label:(a)

any content that may be accessed directly via a hyperlink comprised in any content on or in a label;

(b)

any content that may be accessed directly by means of an image or item on or in a label on which data is stored electronically (such as a QR code).

(4) For the purposes of this Act, a label is attached to a container or packaging of goods if the label is securely attached or affixed to, appears on, or is included with, the container or packaging, and —(a)

a reference to a label attached to a container or packaging includes a reference to writing appearing on the container or packaging; and

(b)

a reference to attaching a label to a container or packaging includes a reference to putting writing on the container or packaging.

(5) In this Act, the power to require a person to provide any information includes the power —(a)

to require that person to produce or grant access to the information;

(b)

to require that person to provide an explanation of the information;

(c)

if the information is not produced, to require the person to state, to the best of the knowledge and belief of that person, where it is;

(d)

if the information is recorded otherwise than in legible form, to require the information to be made available in legible form; and

(e)

if the information required to be provided is not in English, to require the person to arrange for an accurate translation to be done at the cost of that person.

(6) Where —(a)

by or under any provision in this Act or any direction given under this Act, an act or thing is required or directed to be done within a particular period or before a particular time;

(b)

failure to do that act or thing within the period or before the time mentioned in paragraph (a) constitutes an offence; and

(c)

that act or thing is not done within the period or before the time mentioned in paragraph (a),

the obligation to do that act or thing continues, even though that period has expired or that time has passed, until that act or thing is done.

(7) In this Act, an officer of a public authority includes a public officer, or an employee of another public authority, for the time being performing duties in the firstmentioned public authority under a contract, or under an arrangement (such as a secondment) making available temporarily to the firstmentioned public authority the services of the public officer or the other public authority’s employee.

(8) In determining for the purposes of this Act whether a person is physically present in Singapore, it is to be assumed that the person will not falsify or conceal the person’s identity or location.

—(1) In this Act —“advertise” or “advertising”, as a verb, has the meaning given by section 7(2);