ANNEX
‘ANNEX I
Structure and content of a national strategy for sustainable operational programmes as referred to in Article 2
1. Duration of the national strategy
To be indicated by the Member State.
2. Analysis of the situation in terms of strengths and weaknesses and potential for development, the strategy chosen to meet them and the justification of the priorities chosen as referred to in Article 36(2)(a) and (b) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013.
2.1. Analysis of the situation
Description of the current situation of the fruit and vegetable sector using quantified data, highlighting strengths and weaknesses, disparities, needs and gaps and potential for development on the basis of the relevant indicators set out in Table 4.1 of Annex II. This description shall concern at least:
—
the performances of the fruit and vegetables sector: strengths and weaknesses of the sector, competitiveness and the potential for development of the producer organisations;
—
the environmental effects (impacts, pressures and benefits) of the fruit and vegetables production, including key trends.
2.2. The strategy chosen to meet strengths and weaknesses
Description of the key areas where intervention is expected to bring the maximum value added:
—
relevance of the objectives set for the operational programmes, of the expected results and the extent to which they can be realistically achieved;
—
internal coherence of the strategy, existence of mutually reinforcing interactions and possible conflicts or contradictions between the operational objectives of different actions selected;
—
complementarity and consistency of the actions selected with other national or regional actions, and with activities supported through Union funds, in particular with the rural development and promotion programmes;
—
expected results and impact compared to the baseline situation and their contribution to Union objectives.
2.3. Impact from the previous national strategy (where applicable)
Description of results and impact of operational programmes implemented in the recent past.
3. Objectives of operational programmes and performance indicators as referred to in Article 36(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013
Description of the types of actions selected as eligible for support (non-exhaustive list), the objectives pursued, the verifiable targets and the indicators that allow the progress towards achievement of the objectives, efficiency and effectiveness to be assessed.
3.1. Requirements concerning all or several types of actions
Member States shall ensure that all the actions included in the national strategy and in the national framework are verifiable and controllable. Where the assessment during the implementation of the operational programmes reveals that the requirements of verifiability and controllability are not met, the actions concerned shall be adjusted accordingly or deleted. Where support is granted on the basis of standard flat rates or scales of unit costs, Member States shall ensure that the relevant calculations are adequate and accurate and established in advance on the basis of a fair, equitable and verifiable calculation. Environmental actions shall comply with the requirements set out in Article 33(5) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013.
Member States shall adopt safeguards, provisions and checks for ensuring that actions selected as eligible for support are not also supported by other relevant instruments of the common agricultural policy, in particular by rural development and promotion programmes or other national or regional schemes. Effective safeguards in place pursuant to Article 33(6) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013, to protect the environment from possible increased pressures coming from investments supported under operational programmes, and eligibility criteria adopted pursuant to Article 36(1) of that Regulation, for ensuring that investments on individual holdings supported under operational programmes respect the objectives set out in Article 191 TFEU and in the seventh Union environment action programme.
3.2. Specific information required for types of actions aimed at the attainment of the objectives set out or referred to in Article 33(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 (to be filled only for the types of actions selected).
3.2.1. Acquisition of fixed assets
—
types of investments eligible for support,
—
other forms of acquisition eligible for support, e.g. renting, leasing,
—
details on eligibility conditions for support.
3.2.2. Other actions
—
description of the types of actions eligible for support,
—
details on eligibility conditions for support.
4. Designation of competent authorities and responsible bodies
Designation by the Member State of the national authority responsible for the management, monitoring and evaluation of the national strategy.
5. A description of the monitoring and evaluation systems
The performance indicators set out by the national strategy shall comprise the indicators provided for in Article 4 and listed in Table 4.1 of Annex II. Where deemed appropriate, the national strategy shall specify additional indicators reflecting national or regional needs, conditions and objectives specific to the national operational programmes.
5.1. Assessment of the operational programmes and reporting obligations for producer organisations as referred to in Article 36(2)(d) and (e) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013.
Description of the monitoring and evaluation requirements and procedures in relation to operational programmes, including the reporting obligations for producer organisations.
5.2. Monitoring and evaluation of the national strategy
Description of the monitoring and evaluation requirements and procedures in relation to the national strategy.
‘ANNEX II
Annual Report Part A
STRUCTURE OF THE ANNUAL REPORT – PART A
These forms constitute the part A of the annual report that the competent authorities of the Member States are required to transmit to the European Commission by 15 November each year in the year following the calendar year covered by the report.
These forms are based on the reporting requirements set out in Article 54(b) and in Annex V to Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/891, laying down detailed rules for the application of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 in respect of the fruit and vegetables and processed fruit and vegetables sectors.
1. Administrative information
Table 1.1.
Changes to national legislation adopted to implement Section 3 of Chapter II of Title I and Sections 1, 2 and 3 of Chapter III of Title II of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 (for the fruit and vegetables sector)
Table 1.2.
Changes relating to the national strategy for sustainable operational programmes applicable to operational programmes
2. Information on producer organisations, transnational producer organisations, associations of producer organisations, transnational association of producer organisations and producer groups
Table 2.1.
Producer organisations
Table 2.2.
Transnational producer organisations
Table 2.3.
Associations of producer organisations
Table 2.4.
Transnational associations of producer organisations
Table 2.5.
Producer groups
3. Information related to expenditures
Table 3.1.
Expenditures related to producer organisations, transnational producer organisations, associations of producer organisations and transnational associations of producer organisations
Table 3.2.
Total expenditures of operational programmes for producer organisations, transnational producer organisations, associations of producer organisations and transnational associations of producer organisations
Table 3.3.
Total expenditures for producer groups
Table 3.4.
Withdrawals
4. Monitoring of operational programmes/recognition plans
Table 4.1.
Indicators as regards producer organisations and transnational producer organisations, associations of producer organisations and transnational associations of producer associations
Table 4.2.
Indicators for producer groups
Explanatory notes
Abbreviations
Common market organisation
CMO
Producer group
PG
Producer organisation
PO
Transnational producer organisation
TPO
Association of producers organisation
APO
Transnational association of producers organisation
TAPO
Operational fund
OF
Operational programme
OP
Value of marketed production
VMP
Member State
MS
Country codes
Country name (source language)
Short name (English)
Code
Belgique/België
Belgium
BE
България ( *1 )
Bulgaria
BG
Česká republika
Czech Republic
CZ
Danmark
Denmark
DK
Deutschland
Germany
DE
Eesti
Estonia
EE
Éire/Ireland
Ireland
IE
Ελλάδα ( *1 )
Greece
EL
España
Spain
ES
France
France
FR
Italia
Italy
IT
Κύπρος ( *1 )
Cyprus
CY
Latvija
Latvia
LV
Lietuva
Lithuania
LT
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
LU
Magyarország
Hungary
HU
Malta
Malta
MT
Nederland
Netherlands
NL
Österreich
Austria
AT
Polska
Poland
PL
Portugal
Portugal
PT
Republika Hrvatska
Croatia
HR
România
Romania
RO
Slovenija
Slovenia
SI
Slovensko
Slovakia
SK
Suomi/Finland
Finland
FI
Sverige
Sweden
SE
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
UK
Region codes
Vlaams Gewest
BE2
Région Wallonne
BE3
The indication of the region concerned on the cover page of each section and at the beginning of each table is an option for any Member State that finds it more appropriate to provide a regional breakdown.
Code number (ID) of POs, TPOs, APOs, TAPOs and PGs
The code number of each PO, TPO, APO, TAPO or PG is UNIQUE. If a PO, TPO, APO, TAPO or PG has its recognition withdrawn, the same code number should never be used again.
Monetary values
All monetary values should be expressed in euro, except for those Member States that use a national currency. A “NATIONAL CURRENCY” box is present at the TOP of Tables.
Currency
The box should indicate the code of the national currency used.
CODE
Euro
EUR
Pound sterling
GBP
Contact point for communication
Member State:
Year:
Region:
Organisation
Name
Postal address
Contact person 1
Family name
First name
Job Title
Email address
Business phone
Business fax
Contact person 2
Family name
First name
Job Title
Email address
Business phone
Business fax
Annual Report – Part A
Member State:
Year:
Region:
SECTION 1
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
Table 1.1. Changes to national legislation adopted in order to implement Section 3 of Chapter II of Title I of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 (for the fruit and vegetables sector)
National legislation
Title
Publication in the OJ of the Member State
Hyperlink
Table 1.2. Changes to the national strategy for sustainable operational programmes applicable to operational programmes
National strategy
Changes to the national strategy
( 1 )
Hyperlink
Annual Report – Part A
Member State:
Year:
Region:
SECTION 2
INFORMATION RELATED TO POs, TPOs, APOs, TAPOs AND PGs
Table 2.1. Producer organisations
Total number of recognised POs
Total number of suspended POs
Total number of POs for which the recognition was withdrawn
Total number of POs that merged with another (or more) PO(s)/APO(s)/TPO(s)/TAPO(s)
Total number of POs concerned
Total number of new PO(s)/APO(s)/TPO(s)/TAPO(s)
New ID number(s)
Number of members of POs
Total
Legal entities
Natural persons
Number of fruit and/or vegetable producers
Total number of POs implementing an operational programme
—
recognised POs
—
suspended POs
—
POs subject to merger
Part of the production intended for the fresh market
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Part of the production intended for processing
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Total area under fruit and vegetables production (ha)
( *2 )
Table 2.2. Transnational producer organisations
( 2 )
Total number of recognised TPOs
—
Number of PO members
—
List of MS where PO members have their head office
Total number of suspended TPOs
—
Number of PO members
—
List of MS where PO members have their head office
Total number of TPOs for which the recognition was withdrawn
—
Number of PO members
—
List of MS where PO members have their head office
Total number of TPOs that merged with another (or more) TPO(s)/TAPO(s)
Total number of TPOs concerned
Total number of new TPO(s)/TAPO(s)
New ID number(s)
Number of members of TPOs
Total
Legal entities
Natural persons
Number of fruit and/or vegetable producers
Total number of TPOs implementing an operational programme
—
recognised TPOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
suspended TPOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
TPOs subject to merger
with entire OP
with partial OP
Part of the production intended for the fresh market
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Part of the production intended for processing
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Total area under fruit and vegetables production (ha)
( *3 )
Table 2.3. Associations of producer organisations
( 3 )
Total number of recognised APOs
—
Number of PO members
Total number of suspended APOs
—
Number of PO members
Total number of APOs for which the recognition was withdrawn
—
Number of PO members
Total number of APOs that merged with another (or more) APO(s)/TAPO(s)
Total number of APOs concerned
Total number of new APO(s)/TAPO(s)
New ID number(s)
Number of members of APOs
Total
Legal entities
Natural persons
Number of fruit and/or vegetable producers
Total number of APOs implementing an operational programme
—
recognised APOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
suspended APOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
APOs subject to merger
with entire OP
with partial OP
Part of the production intended for the fresh market
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Part of the production intended for processing
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Total area under fruit and vegetables production (ha)
( *4 )
Table 2.4. Transnational associations of producer organisations
( 4 )
Total number of recognised TAPOs
—
Number of PO/TPO/APO members
—
List of MS where PO/TPO/APO members have their head office
Total number of suspended TAPOs
—
Number of PO/TPO/APO members
—
List of MS where PO/TPO/APO members have their head office
Total number of TAPOs for which the recognition was withdrawn
—
Number of PO/TPO/APO members
—
List of MS where PO/TPO/APO members have their head office
Total number of TAPOs that merged with another (or more) TAPO(s)
Total number of TAPO(s) concerned
Total number of new TAPO(s)
New ID number(s)
Number of members of TAPOs
Total
Legal entities
Natural persons
Number of fruit and/or vegetable producers
Total number of TAPOs implementing an operational programme
—
recognised TAPOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
suspended TAPOs
with entire OP
with partial OP
—
TAPOs subject to merger
with entire OP
with partial OP
Part of the production intended for the fresh market
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Part of the production intended for processing
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Total area under fruit and vegetables production (ha)
( *5 )
Table 2.5. Producer groups
Total number of recognised PGs
Total number of suspended PGs
Total number of PGs for which the recognition was withdrawn
Total number of PGs which have become POs
Total number of PGs that merged with another (or more) PG(s)
Total number of PGs concerned
Total number of new PGs
New ID number(s)
Number of members of PGs
Total
Legal entities
Natural persons
Number of fruit and/or vegetable producers
Part of the production intended for the fresh market
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Part of the production intended for processing
Value
Volume (tonnes)
Total area under fruit and vegetables production (ha)
( *6 )
Annual Report – Part A
Member State:
Year:
Region:
SECTION 3
EXPENDITURES INFORMATION
Table 3.1. Expenditures related to POs, TPOs, APOs and TAPOs
All POs
All TPOs
All APOs
All TAPOs
Operational Fund
Total approved
—
Amount of the financial contribution of the organisation and/or organisation's members
—
Amount of the Union financial assistance
Final Operational Fund
Total spent
—
Amount of the financial contribution of the organisation's members
—
Amount of the Union financial assistance
National financial assistance
Amount of the National financial assistance actually paid
Estimated amount of the National financial assistance actually paid to be reimbursed by the EU
List of the beneficiary regions under Article 35 of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013
Value of marketed production (calculated in accordance with Article 22 of Regulation (EU) 2017/891)
(Data in Euro or national currency)
Table 3.2. Total actual expenditures of operational programmes for POs, TPOs, APOs and TAPOs
Actions/Measures
Article 2(f)and (g) of Regulation (EU) 2017/891
Objectives
Articles 33(1) and (3) and 152(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013
Total actual expenditures (Euro or national currency)
All POs
All TPOs
All APOs
All TAPOs
Investments
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Crisis prevention and management
Research
Research and experimental production
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Quality schemes (EU and national) and measures related to quality improvement
Improvement of product quality
Promotion and communications
Boosting products' commercial value
Promotion of the products
Crisis prevention and management
Training and exchange of best practices
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Crisis prevention and management
Advisory services and technical assistance
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Organic production
Environmental measures
Integrated production
Improved use or management of water, including water saving and drainage
Actions to conserve soil
Actions to create or maintain habitat favourable for biodiversity or to maintain the landscape, including the conservation of historical features
Actions favouring energy saving (excluding transport)
Action related to reduction of waste production and to improve waste management
Transport
Marketing
Setting-up mutual funds
Crisis prevention and management
Replenishment of mutual funds
Replanting of orchards
Market withdrawal
—
Free distribution
—
Other
Green-harvesting
Non-harvesting
Harvest insurance
Coaching
Administrative costs
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Crisis prevention and management
Research
Others
Planning of production
Improvement of product quality
Boosting products' commercial value
Environmental measures
Note:
Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 provides for the following objectives:
—
Planning of production
Articles 33(1)(a) and 152(1)(c)(i),(ii) and (xi)
—
Improvement of product quality
Articles 33(1)(b) and 152(1)(c)(i),(iv) and (vi)
—
Boosting products' commercial value
Articles 33(1)(c) and 152(1)(c)(i),(ii),(iii),(iv),(ix) and (xi)
—
Promotion of the products
Article 33(1)(d) and 152(1)(c)(vi) and (ix)
—
Environmental measures
Articles 33(1)(e) and 152(1)(c)(iii),(iv), (v),(vii) and (viii)
—
Crisis prevention and management
Articles 33(1)(f), 33(3)(a) and 152(1)(c)(iv) and (xi)
—
Research
Article 152(1)(c)(iv)
Table 3.3. Total actual expenditures for Producer Groups
Total actual expenditures for all PGs
(Euro or national currency)
PG investments
Investments required to attain recognition for PGs
—
amount of the Union financial assistance
—
amount of the MS financial assistance
—
amount of the PG's/PG member contribution
Table 3.4. Withdrawals
Total annual volume
(tonnes)
Total expenditure
(Euro or national currency)
Amount of EU financial assistance
Free distribution
(tonnes)
Composting
(tonnes)
Processing industry
(tonnes)
Other destination
(tonnes)
Products in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2017/891
Cauliflowers
Tomatoes
Apples
Grapes
Apricots
Nectarines
Peaches
Pears
Aubergines
Melons
Watermelons
Oranges
Mandarins
Clementines
Satsumas
Lemons
Other products
Total
Annual Report – Part A
Member State:
Year:
Region:
SECTION 4
MONITORING OF OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES
The indicators related to actions undertaken by recognised producer organisations, associations of producer organisations, transnational organisations and producer groups under an operational programme/recognition plan does not necessarily capture all the factors that may intervene and affect the outputs, results and impact of an operational programme/recognition plan. In this context, the information provided by the indicators should be interpreted in the light of quantitative and qualitative information relating to other key factors contributing to the success or failure of the programme/plan's implementation.
In case Member States use samples for the calculation of indicators, the size of the sample, its representativeness and its other constituting elements shall be communicated to the Commission services, together with the annual report.
Table 4.1. Indicators as regards POs, TPOs, APOs and TAPOs
Actions/Measures
Article 2(f)and (g) of Regulation (EU) 2017/891
Objectives
Articles 33(1) and (3) and 152(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013
Indicators
All POs
All TPOs
All APOs
All TAPOs
Investments ( 5 )
Planning of production
Number of holdings
Total value
Improvement of product quality
Number of holdings
Total value
Boosting products' commercial value
Number of holdings
Total value
Total value of marketed production/Total volume of marketed production (Euro or national currency/kg)
Environmental measures
Number of holdings
Total value
Crisis prevention and management
Number of holdings
Total value
Research
Number of holdings
Total value
Research and experimental production
Planning of production
Total value
Number of holdings
Improvement of product quality
Total value
Number of holdings
Boosting products' commercial value
Total value
Number of holdings
Environmental measures
Number of holdings
Total value
Quality schemes (EU and national) ( 6 ) and measures related to quality improvement
Improvement of product quality
Area of PDO/PGI/TSG ( 7 )
(ha)
Number of holdings
Volume (tonnes)
Promotion and communications ( 8 )
Boosting products' commercial value
Number of holdings
Number of promotion campaigns
Promotion of the products
Number of holdings
Number of promotion campaigns
Crisis prevention and management
Number of holdings
Number of promotion campaigns
Training and exchange of best practices
Planning of production
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Improvement of product quality
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Boosting products' commercial value
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Environmental measures
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Crisis prevention and management
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Advisory services and technical assistance
Planning of production
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Improvement of product quality
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Boosting products' commercial value
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Environmental measures
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Organic production
Environmental measures
Area under organic production of fruit and/or vegetables (ha)
Number of holdings
Integrated production
Area under integrated production of fruit and/or vegetables (ha)
Number of holdings
Improved use or management of water, including water saving and drainage
Area under fruit and vegetable production subject to reduction in use of water (ha)
Number of holdings
Difference of volume (m 3 )
(n – 1/n)
Actions to conserve soil
Area under fruit and vegetable production at risk of soil erosion where anti-erosion measures are implemented (ha)
( 9 )
Number of holdings
Difference of fertiliser use per ha (tonnes/ha)
(n – 1/n)
Actions to create or maintain habitat favourable for biodiversity or to maintain the landscape, including the conservation of historical features
Area concerned by actions contributing to habitat and biodiversity protection (ha)
Number of holdings
Actions favouring energy saving (excluding transport)
Area under fruit and vegetable production subject to reduction in use of energy (ha)
Number of holdings
Difference of energy consumption
(n – 1/n):
Solids
(tonnes/volume of marketed production)
Liquids
(L/volume of marketed production)
Gas
(m 3 /volume of marketed production)
Electricity
(kwh/volume of marketed production)
Action related to reduction of waste production and to improve waste management
Number of holdings
Difference of volume of waste (m 3 /volume of marketed production)
(n – 1/n)
Difference of volume of packaging (m 3 /volume of marketed production)
(n – 1./n)
Transport
Difference of energy consumption
(n – 1./n):
Liquids
(L/volume of marketed production)
Gas
(m 3 /volume of marketed production)
Electricity
(kwh/volume of marketed production)
Marketing
Number of holdings
Number of actions
Setting-up mutual funds ( 10 )
Crisis prevention and management
Number of holdings
Replenishment of mutual funds ( 11 )
Number of holdings
Replanting of orchards
Areas concerned (ha)
Market withdrawal ( 11 )
Number of actions undertaken
Green-harvesting ( 12 )
Number of actions undertaken
Area concerned (ha)
Non-harvesting ( 12 )
Number of actions undertaken
Area concerned (ha)
Harvest insurance
Number of holdings
Coaching
Number of actions undertaken
Others
Planning of production
Number of holdings
Improvement of product quality
Number of holdings
Boosting products' commercial value
Number of holdings
Environmental measures
Number of holdings
Table 4.2. Indicators as regards Producer Groups
Indicator
Number
PG investments
Investments required to attain recognition for PGs
Number of members of PGs
Number of PGs which have been recognised as POs
’
( *1 ) Latin transliteration: България = Bulgaria; Ελλάδα = Elláda; Κύπρος = Kýpros.
( 1 ) Summary of the changes introduced to the national strategy during the year reported.
( *2 )
excluding mushrooms
( 2 ) This table refers to Member States where the head offices of TPOs are located.
The total area refers to areas exploited by TPOs' members, namely POs, growers belonging to POs members to the TPO and growers members to the TPO.
( *3 )
excluding mushrooms
( 3 ) This table refers to Member States where the head offices of APOs are located.
The total area refers to areas exploited by APOs' members, namely POs, growers belonging to POs members to the APOs.
( *4 )
excluding mushrooms
( 4 ) This table refers to Member States where the head offices of TAPOs are located.
The total area refers to areas exploited by TAPOs' members, namely POs, growers belonging to POs members to the TAPOs.
( *5 )
excluding mushrooms
( *6 )
excluding mushrooms
( 5 ) Including non-productive investments linked to the achievement of commitments undertaken under the operational programme.
( 6 ) Refers to a set of detailed obligations concerning the production methods (a) the respect of which is subject to independent inspection, and (b) that result in a final product the quality of which (i) goes significantly beyond the normal commercial standards as regards public health, plant health or environmental standards and (ii) responds to current and foreseeable market opportunities. It is proposed that the main types of “quality schemes” cover the following: (a) certified organic production; (b) protected geographical indications and protected designations of origin, (c) certified integrated production, (d) private certified product quality schemes.
( 7 ) Protected designations of origin/Protected Geographical Indications/Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
( 8 ) Each day of a promotion/communication campaign counts as one action.
( 9 )
“At risk of soil erosion” shall mean any sloping plot with an inclination higher than 10 %, whether or not anti-erosion measures (e.g. soil cover, crop rotation, etc.) have been taken. Where the relevant information is available, a Member State may instead use the following definition: “At risk of soil erosion” shall mean any plot with a predicted loss of soil exceeding the rate of natural soil formation, whether or not anti-erosion measures (e.g. soil cover or crop rotation) have been taken.
( 10 ) Actions relating to the setting up/refilling of different mutual funds count as different actions.
( 11 ) Market withdrawal of the same product in different periods of the year and market withdrawals of different products count as different actions. Each market withdrawal operation for a given product counts as one action.
( 12 ) Green-harvesting and non-harvesting of different products count as different actions. Green harvesting and non-harvesting of the same product count as one action, regardless of the number of days they take, the number of holdings participating and the number of plots or hectares concerned.