ANNEX
METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE THE CO 2 SAVINGS OF THE ENGINE-ON COASTING FUNCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES AND CERTAIN NOT OFF-VEHICLE CHARGING HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. SYMBOLS, UNITS AND PARAMETERS
Latin symbols
CO 2
— Carbon dioxide
— CO 2 savings [g CO 2 /km]
idle_corr
— Correction factor for the idle fuel consumption
B MC
— CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the coasting corresponding manoeuvres under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km]
— CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the i-th coasting corresponding manoeuvres under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km]
— CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle at constant speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) during the i-th constant speed event [g CO 2 /km]
— CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the i-th overrun phase under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km]
— CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the i-th overrun phase under modified testing conditions due to the battery balance [g CO 2 /km]
— Distance driven during the i-th overrun event [km]
— Distance driven during the i-th coasting event [km]
ECE
— Elementary urban driving cycle (part of the NEDC)
E MC
— CO 2 emissions of the eco-innovative vehicle under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km]
— CO 2 emissions during the i-th idle phase [g CO 2 /km]
— Engine synchronization CO 2 emissions during the i-th coasting event [g CO 2 /km]
— Measured fuel consumption at constant speed phase k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) [g/s]
EUDC
— Extra-Urban Driving Cycle (part of the NEDC)
f standstill
— Idle fuel consumption measured during vehicle standstill [g/s]
fuel_dens
— Fuel density [kg/m 3 ]
f acc
— Fuel consumption to accelerate the engine from the idle speed to the transmission speed [l]
— Driving resistance in ‘neutral’ measured under WLTP conditions for automatic and manual transmission [N] (Section 3.2)
— Driving resistance during ‘overrun’ measured under WLTP conditions for automatic transmission [N] (Section 4.1)
— Driving resistance during ‘overrun’ evaluated under NEDC conditions [N] (Section 4.1)
— Driving resistance in NEDC as converted from WLTP conditions in neutral [N]
— Driving resistance in WLTP conditions with the x-th gear engaged for manual transmission [N]
I eng
— Moment of inertia of engine (engine specific) [kgm 2 ]
— Measured power of the primary battery during the i-th overrun event [W]
— Measured power of the secondary battery during the i-th overrun event [W]
RDC RW
— Relative coasting distance under real world conditions defined as the distance travelled with coasting active divided by total driving distance per trip [%]
RCD mNEDC
— Relative coasting distance under modified testing conditions defined as the distance travelled with coasting active divided by total driving distance of the mNEDC [%]
UF
— Usage factor of the coasting technology defined as
— Uncertainty of the CO 2 savings [g CO 2 /km]
— Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the CO 2 emissions of the eco-innovative vehicle under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km]
S UF
— Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the usage factor
— Engine drag time of the i-th overrun event [h]
— Duration of the i-th coasting event [s]
— Minimum time for constant speed phases after acceleration or coasting deceleration [s]
— Minimum time after every coasting deceleration to a standstill or constant speed phase [s]
— Engine friction torque (engine specific) [Nm]
v min
— Minimum speed for coasting [km/h]
v max
— Maximum speed for coasting [km/h]
— Constant driving speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) during the i-th constant speed event [km/h]
Greek symbols
η DCDC
— DC/DC Converter efficiency, which is set equal to 0,92
η bat_discharge
— Battery discharge efficiency, which is set equal to 0,94
η alternator
— Alternator efficiency, which is set equal to 0,67
ΔRES drag
— Difference between the driving resistance in ‘neutral’ gear position, during ‘overrun’ and measured under WLTP conditions [N]
— Delta power due to WLTP driving resistance dyno settings occurring in the i-th constant speed event [W]
— Difference of the vehicle driving resistance between the WLTP and NEDC occurring in the i-th constant speed event [N]
Δt acc
— Time needed to accelerate the engine from idle speed to synchronisation speed [s]
Δγ acc
— Delta rotational angle [rad]
Δω acc
— Delta engine speed (from idle speed ω idle to the synchronization speed ω sync ) [rad/s]
2. TEST VEHICLES
The test vehicles shall fulfil the following requirements:
(a)
Eco-innovative vehicle: a vehicle with the innovative technology installed and active in default or predominant driving mode. The predominant driving mode is the driving mode that is always selected when the vehicle is switched on regardless of the operating mode selected when the vehicle was previously shut down. The engine-on coasting function shall not be deactivated by the driver in the predominant driving mode;
(b)
Baseline vehicle: a vehicle that in all aspects is identical to the eco-innovative vehicle with the exception of the innovative technology, which is either not installed or deactivated in default or predominant driving mode; The baseline vehicle tested may be the eco-innovative vehicle on the condition that a short brake action is applied before the deceleration events so as to avoid the coasting events that would normally appear due to the coasting function installed in the eco-innovative vehicle as, in principle, the coasting function can be inhibited by pressing the brake pedal before the deceleration events. The brake action temporarily inhibits the coasting function until the subsequent driving event.
3. DEFINITION OF THE MODIFIED TESTING CONDITIONS
The steps defining the modified testing conditions are as follows:
1.
Definition of the Road Loads;
2.
Definition of the Coast Down Curve in engine-on coasting mode;
3.
Generation of the modified NEDC speed profile (mNEDC);
4.
Coasting corresponding manoeuvres for the baseline vehicle;
3.1. Definition of the Road Loads
The road loads of the baseline and eco-innovative vehicle shall be determined in accordance with the procedure set out in Sub-Annex 4 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and be converted into NEDC road loads for vehicle high and low in accordance with point 2.3.8 of Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153 ( 1 ) .
3.2. Definition of the Coast Down Curve in engine-on coasting mode
The coast down curve in engine-on coasting mode is defined as the coast down curve with the gear position in ‘neutral’, as determined during the type approval procedure in accordance with Sub-Annex 4 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and corrected to the corresponding NEDC coast down curve in accordance with point 2.3.8 of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153.
3.3. Generation of the modified NEDC speed profile (mNEDC)
The speed profile of the mNEDC shall be generated in accordance with the following:
(a)
The test sequence is composed of an urban cycle made of four elementary urban cycles and an extra-urban cycle;
(b)
All acceleration ramps are identical to the NEDC speed profile;
(c)
All constant speed levels are identical to the NEDC speed profile;
(d)
The speed and time tolerances shall be in accordance with paragraph 1.4 of Annex 7 to UN/ECE Regulation No 101;
(e)
The deviation from the NEDC profile shall be minimised and the overall distance must comply with the NEDC specified tolerances;
(f)
The distance at the end of each deceleration phase of the mNEDC profile shall be equal to the distance at the end of each deceleration phase of the NEDC profile;
(g)
During coasting phases the internal combustion engine (ICE) is decoupled and no active correction of the vehicle’s speed trajectory is permitted;
(h)
Lower speed limit for coasting v min : The coasting mode has to be disabled at the lower speed limit for coasting (15 km/h) by engaging the brake;
(i)
In technically justified cases and in agreement with the type approval authority, the manufacturer may select the speed v min at a higher speed than 15 km/h;
(j)
Minimum stop time: The minimum time after every coasting deceleration to a standstill or constant speed phase is 2 seconds;
(k)
Minimum time for constant speed phases: The minimum time for constant speed phases after acceleration or coasting deceleration is 2 seconds. For technical reasons this value can be increased and it shall be recorded in the test report;
(l)
The coasting mode can be enabled if the speed is below the maximum speed of the test cycle, i.e. 120 km/h
3.3.1. Gearshift profile generation for vehicles with manual gearbox
For vehicles with manual gearbox, the gearshift Tables 1 and 2 in Annex 4a of Regulation UNECE 83 shall be adapted on the basis of the following:
1.
The gearshift selection during vehicle acceleration is as defined for the NEDC;
2.
The timing for the downshifts of the modified NEDC differs from the one of the NEDC in order to avoid downshifts during coasting phases (e.g. anticipated before deceleration phases).
The pre-defined shift points for the ECE and EUDC portion of the NEDC, as described in Table 1 and Table 2 of Annex 4a to Regulation UNECE 83, shall be modified in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2 shown below.
Table 1
Operation
Phase
Acceleration (m/s 2 )
Speed (km/h)
Duration of each
Cumulative time (s)
Gear to be used
Operation (s)
Phase (s)
Idling
1
0
0
11
11
11
6s PM+5sK 1
(1)
Acceleration
2
1,04
0-15
4
4
15
1
Steady speed
3
0
15
9
8
23
1
Deceleration
4
– 0,69
15-10
2
5
25
1
Deceleration, clutch disengaged
– 0,92
10-0
3
28
K 1
(1)
Idling
5
0
0
21
21
49
16s PM+5sK (1)
Acceleration
6
0,83
0-15
5
12
54
1
Gear change
15
2
56
Acceleration
0,94
15-32
5
61
2
Steady speed
7
0
32
t const1
t const1
61+t const1
2
Deceleration
8
coast down
[32-dv 1 ]
Δt cd1
Δt cd1 + 8 -Δt 1 + 3
61+t const1 +Δt cd1
2
Deceleration
– 0,75
[32-dv 1 ]-10
8-Δt 1
69+t const1 +Δt cd1 -Δt 1
2
Deceleration, clutch disengaged
– 0,92
10-0
3
72+t const1 +Δt cd1 -Δt 1
K 2
(1)
Idling
9
0
0
21-Δt 1
117
16s-Δt 1 PM+5sK 1
(1)
Acceleration
10
0,83
0-15
5
26
122
1
Gear change
15
2
124
Acceleration
0,62
15-35
9
133
2
Gear change
35
2
135
Acceleration
0,52
35-50
8
143
3
Steady speed
11
0
50
t const2
t const2
t const2
3
Deceleration
coast down
[50- dv 2 ]
Δt cd2
Δt cd2
t const2 +Δt cd2
3
Deceleration
12
– 0,52
[50- dv 2 ]-35
8-Δt 2
8-Δt 2
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 8-Δt 2
3
Steady speed
13
0
35
t const3
t const3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 8-Δt 2 +t const3
3
Gear change
14
35
2
12+Δt cd3 -Δt 3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 10-Δt 2 +t const3
Deceleration
coast down
[35- dv 3 ]
Δt cd3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 10-Δt 2 +t const3 +Δt cd3
2
Deceleration
– 0,99
[35- dv 3 ]-10
7-Δt 3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 17-Δt 2 +t const3 +Δt cd3 -Δt 3
2
Deceleration clutch disengaged
– 0,92
10-0
3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 20-Δt 2 +t const3 +Δt cd3 -Δt 3
K 2
(1)
Idling
15
0
0
7-Δt 3
7-Δt 3
t const2 +Δt cd2 + 27-Δt 2 +t const3 +Δt cd3 -2*Δt 3
7s-Δt 3 PM (1)
Table 2
No of operation
Operation
Phase
Acceleration (m/s 2 )
Speed (km/h)
Duration of each
Cumulative time(s)
Gear to be used
Operation (s)
Phase (s)
1
Idling
1
0
0
20
20
K 1
( 2 )
2
Acceleration
2
0,83
0-15
5
41
1
3
Gear change
15
2
—
4
Acceleration
0,62
15-35
9
2
5
Gear change
35
2
—
6
Acceleration
0,52
35-50
8
3
7
Gear change
50
2
—
8
Acceleration
0,43
50-70
13
4
9
Steady speed
3
0
70
t const4
t const4
5
9’
Deceleration
3’
coastdown
70-dv 4
( *2 )
Δt cd4
Δt cd4
5
10
Deceleration
4
coastdown, ( *1 ) -0,69
dv 4
( *2 ) -50
8-Δt cd4
8-Δt cd4
4
11
Steady speed
5
0
50
69
69
4
12
Acceleration
6
0,43
50-70
13
13
4
13
Steady speed
7
0
70
50
50
5
14
Acceleration
8
0,24
70-100
35
35
5
15
Steady speed ( 3 )
9
0
100
30
30
5 ( 3 )
16
Acceleration ( 3 )
10
0,28
100-120
20
20
5 ( 3 )
17
Steady speed ( 3 )
11
0
120
t const5
t const5
5 ( 3 )
17’
Deceleration ( 3 )
coastdown
[120- dv 5 ]
Δt cd5
Δt cd5
5 ( 3 )
18-end
If dv 5
≥
80
Deceleration ( 3 )
12
– 0,69
[120-dv 5 ]-80
16-Δt 5
34-Δt 5
5 ( 3 )
Deceleration ( 3 )
– 1,04
80-50
8
5 ( 3 )
Deceleration, clutch disengaged
1,39
50-0
10
K 5
( 2 )
Idling
13
0
0
20-Δt 5
20-Δt 5
PM ( 2 )
If 50
<
dv 5
<
80
Deceleration ( 3 )
– 1,04
[120-dv 5 ]-50
8-Δt 5
18-Δt 5
5 ( 3 )
Deceleration, clutch disengaged
1,39
50-0
10
K 5
( 2 )
Idling
13
0
0
20-Δt 5
20-Δt 5
PM ( 2 )
If dv 5 ≤ 50
Deceleration, clutch disengaged
1,39
[120-dv 5 ]
10-Δt 5
10-Δt 5
K 5
( 2 )
Idling
13
0
0
20-Δt 5
20-Δt 5
PM ( 2 )
For the definition of the terms in Table 1 and Table 2 please refer to UNECE Regulation 83.
For vehicles with manual transmissions, coasting shall be interrupted during the deceleration from 70 km/h down to 50 km/h as gear shift is commanded from 5th to 4th gear. The gear shift shall interrupt the coasting and the vehicle shall follow the same pre-defined deceleration as in the NEDC until the vehicle reaches 50 km/h. In this case, only the coasting phase before the interruption will be considered in the calculation of the CO 2 savings resulting from the implementation of the coasting on function.
3.4. Coasting corresponding manoeuvres for the baseline vehicle
For each coasting event identified in the mNEDC for the eco-innovative vehicle, a corresponding manoeuvre shall be determined for the baseline vehicle. These manoeuvres shall be composed of a constant speed phase followed by a deceleration phase with engine in overrun conditions (i.e. the engine rotation is caused by the vehicle movement, the gas pedal is released and no fuel is injected), without braking, and they shall fulfil the speed tolerances and distances of the coasting manoeuvres as defined in UNECE Regulation 83. During these manoeuvres, the gearbox shall be engaged in case of automatic transmission, or the speed specific gear shall be engaged as set out in Section 3.3.1 in case of manual transmission.
Figure 1 Coasting event (blue line) of eco-innovative vehicle and coasting corresponding manoeuvre (red line) of baseline vehicle
In order to comply with points (a)-(l) of Section 3.3, the same distance must be covered under the NEDC and mNEDC. Since the distance covered by the baseline vehicle in overrun is shorter than the distance covered during coasting by the eco-innovative vehicle, due to the higher deceleration rate of the baseline vehicle, the difference in the distance to be covered by the baseline vehicle shall be supplemented by constant speed driving phases, where the constant speed driven shall be the speed of the baseline vehicle at the start of the coasting event prior to the engine overrun phases. In case the end speed of the coasting manoeuvre is not zero, the additional distances (Δs) shall be achieved in two sections at start speed and end speed respectively.
To determine the constant speed driving duration before the start of the coasting event
and after the end of the coasting event
, the following system of linear equations (Formula 1) shall be used:
Formula 1
Formula 1
where:
Δs
is the additional distance driven at constant speed by the baseline vehicle in comparison with the eco-innovative vehicle [m]
Δt
is the duration of the additional distance driven at constant speed by the baseline in comparison with the eco-innovative vehicle [s]
s coast
is the distance covered during coasting by the eco-innovative vehicle [m]
s drag
is the distance covered during overrun by the baseline vehicle [m]
v start
is the speed at the start of the manoeuvre (coasting or overrun) [m/s]
v end
is the speed at the end of the manoeuvre (coasting or overrun) [m/s]
is the instant of time in which the overrun event begins [s]
is the instant of time in which the overrun event ends [s]
t coast
is the duration of the coasting event [s]
t drag
is the duration of the overrun event [s].
4. DETERMINATION OF THE ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS
The following tests shall be performed right after the WLTP Type I test in order to define the additional parameters required in the testing methodology:
—
Coast down in overrun mode (valid for the baseline vehicle) to measure the driving resistance during overrun phases (Section 4.1);
—
Constant speed test (valid for the baseline vehicle) to measure the constant speed fuel consumption. The test is based on a specific testing cycle composed by constant speed segments at 120, 70, 50, 35 and 32 km/h (Section 4.2);
—
Idle test (valid for the eco-innovative vehicle) to measure the idle fuel consumption (Section 4.3);
—
Engine synchronization energy determination (Section 4.4).
4.1. Coast down in overrun mode (baseline vehicle)
In order to measure the driving resistance in overrun mode, a coast down with the gearbox engaged shall be performed (see Figure 2). The test shall be repeated three times as a minimum and shall be performed after the WLTP type I test during the Type Approval with a maximum time lag of 15 minutes. The coast down curve shall be recorded at least three times in a row.
4.1.1. Automatic transmission
The vehicle can be accelerated by itself or by the dynamometer to a minimum speed of 130 km/h.
During each coast down, the driving resistance forces, the generator and battery current of all batteries shall be measured with steps of maximum 10 km/h.
Figure 2 Coast down with gearbox in position D on the vehicle dynamometer for the baseline vehicle (minimum 3 ×)
The driving resistance in overrun mode shall be converted from WLTP settings to NEDC settings in accordance with Formula 2:
Formula 2
Formula 2
where:
ΔRES drag
is the difference between the driving resistance in overrun condition and in neutral, measured under WLTP conditions [N]
is the driving resistance measured as described in Section 3.2 [N]
is the driving resistance in overrun condition, measured under WLTP conditions [N]
is the driving resistance in NEDC as converted in accordance with point 2.3.8 of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153, as described in Section 3.2 [N].
4.1.2. Manual transmission
For vehicles with manual transmission, the coast down shall be repeated at different vehicle speeds and gears, at least three times for each gear:
—
Accelerate by using the engine to minimum 130 km/h and stabilize for 5s, then start the coast down in the highest gear and measure between 120-60 km/h;
—
Accelerate by using the engine to 90 km/h and stabilize for 5s, then start the coast down in gear 5 and measure between 70-60 km/h;
—
Accelerate by using the engine to 70 km/h and stabilize for 5s, then start the coast down in gear 3 and measure between 55-35 km/h;
—
Accelerate by using the engine to 60 km/h and stabilize for 5s, then start the coast down in gear 2 and measure between 40-15 km/h.
During each coast down, the driving resistance forces and the generator and battery current [A] of all batteries shall be measured with steps of maximum 10 km/h.
The driving resistance in overrun mode shall be converted from WLTP settings to NEDC settings, in accordance with Formula 3, for each gear x:
Formula 3
Formula 3
4.1.3. Load balance of the battery in overrun mode
The load balance of the battery/batteries during the overrun phases shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 4 or 5.
In case the vehicle is equipped with a primary and a secondary battery, Formula 4 applies:
Formula 4
Formula 4
where:
:
Energy recuperated during the i-th overrun event, as arithmetic mean of the values obtained from each coast down test in overrun mode [Wh];
:
Duration of the i-th overrun event [h];
:
Average (over the overrun test repetitions) measured power of the primary battery during the i-th overrun event [W];
:
Average (over the overrun test repetitions) measured power of the secondary battery during the i-th overrun event [W];
η DCDC
:
DC/DC Converter efficiency, which is set equal to 0,92; if no DC/DC Converter is present, this value is set equal to 1.
In case only one battery (i.e. the 12V battery) is available, Formula 5 applies instead:
Formula 5
Formula 5
The recuperated energy is converted into CO 2 emissions by using Formula 6:
Formula 6
Formula 6
where:
η bat_discharge
:
Battery discharge efficiency, which is 0,94;
η alternator
:
Alternator efficiency, which is 0,67;
:
Distance driven during the i-th overrun event [km];
V pe
:
Consumption of effective power as specified in Table 3;
CF
:
Conversion factor as defined in Table 4.
Table 3
Consumption of effective power
Type of engine
Consumption of effective power (V pe )
l/kWh
Petrol
0,264
Petrol Turbo
0,280
Diesel
0,220
Table 4
Fuel conversion factor
Type of fuel
Conversion factor (CF)
g CO 2 /l
Petrol
2 330
Diesel
2 640
4.2. Constant speed test
The constant driving speed phase fuel consumption shall be measured on a chassis dynamometer by using the on-board-fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring device (OBFCM) meeting the requirements set out in Annex XXII to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.
The measurement of the fuel consumption is based on a driving pattern which includes all the NEDC constant driving speed phases at 32, 35, 50, 70 and 120 km/h. To ensure equal NEDC shifting points and selected gears for manual transmission vehicles, the sequence of the constant driving speed phases shall be as specified in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Driving pattern which covers the relevant NEDC based constant driving speed phase
Each constant speed phase has a duration of 90 seconds, subdivided into 20 seconds for speed and emission stabilization, 60 seconds during which OBFCM measurement takes place and 10 seconds preparation time for the driver for the upcoming driving manoeuvre.
The speed and acceleration profiles are described in the Appendix to this Annex.
The constant speed test shall be performed after the Coast Down test in overrun mode is performed as set out in Section 4.1.
In order to obtain the NEDC constant speed fuel consumption, the results from the measurements carried out with the WLTP type approval dynamometer settings (vehicle road load and vehicle weight) have to be corrected to NEDC conditions as follows:
Formula 7
Formula 7
Formula 8
Formula 8
where:
:
CO 2 emissions at constant speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) during the i-th constant speed event [g CO 2 /km];
:
Measured (WLTP) fuel consumption at constant speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) as arithmetic mean of the measurements [g/s];
:
Duration of the i-th constant speed event [s];
:
Distance driven during the i-th constant speed event [km];
fuel_dens
:
Fuel density [kg/m 3 ];
:
Delta power due to WLTP driving resistance dyno settings occurring in the i-th constant speed event [kW];
:
Difference of vehicle driving resistance calculated between the WLTP and NEDC driving resistance dynamometer settings occurring in the i-th constant speed event as determined in Section 4.1 [N];
:
Constant driving speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) during the i-th constant speed event [km/h].
The generator and battery current of all batteries shall be measured and the battery SOC during each 60s measurement window shall be corrected in accordance with Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.
The fuel consumption during each constant speed phase k shall be determined as follows:
Formula 9
Formula 9
Formula 10
Formula 10
where:
J
:
Number of measurement points (J = 60) for each constant speed phase k (32, 35, 50, 70 and 120 km/h);
:
j-th fuel consumption measure at constant speed phase k (32, 35, 50, 70 and 120 km/h) [g/s];
:
Standard deviation of the fuel consumption at constant speed phase k (32, 35, 50, 70 and 120 km/h).
4.3. Idle fuel consumption or idle speed test
The idle fuel consumption during coasting can be directly measured with an OBFCM meeting the requirements set out in Annex XXII to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, and this measured value can be used for the calculation of
.
As an alternative, Formula 12 can be used to calculate
in accordance with the following methodology:
The engine idle fuel consumption (g/s) shall be measured using an OBFCM meeting the requirements set out in Annex XXII to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. The measurement shall be performed just after the Type 1 test when the engine is still warm and under the following conditions:
(a)
the velocity of the vehicle is zero;
(b)
the start-stop system is disengaged;
(c)
the battery state of charge is at balance conditions.
The vehicle shall be left to idle for 3 minutes so that it stabilizes. The fuel consumption shall be measured during 2 minutes. The first minute shall be disregarded. The idle fuel consumption shall be calculated as the average fuel consumption of the vehicle during the second minute.
A manufacturer may request that the engine idle fuel consumption measurements are used also for other vehicles belonging to the same interpolation family, provided that the engines run with the same idle speed. The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the type approval authority or technical service that those conditions are met.
Where the idle fuel consumption differs between engine on coasting and idling at standstill, a correction factor shall be applied as determined in accordance with Formula 11:
Formula 11
Formula 11
where:
mean engine idle speed during coasting determined in accordance with Formula 14 [rpm];
mean engine idle speed during stand-still determined in accordance with Formula 15 [rpm].
The mean engine idle speed during coasting is the arithmetic mean of the engine idle speeds measured via the OBD port during the deceleration from 130 km/h to 10 km/h, with steps of 10 km/h.
As an alternative, the ratio between the maximal possible engine speed during engine-on coasting and idle speed at standstill can be used.
In case the manufacturer can prove that the increase in engine idle speed that occurs during coasting on phases is lower than 5 % of the idle speed during standstill, idle_corr can be set equal to 1.
The corrected CO 2 emissions during each phase
[g CO 2 /km], derived from the idle fuel consumption, shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 12:
Formula 12
Formula 12
where:
:
CO 2 emissions during the i-th idle phase [gCO 2 /km];
:
duration of the i-th coasting event [s];
:
distance driven during the i-th coasting event [km];
:
mean idle fuel consumption in standstill conditions [g/s], which is the arithmetic mean of 60 measurements.
The mean idle speed during coasting is measured in steps of 10 km/h, considering U measurements for each step (with a 1s resolution), and shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 13:
Formula 13
Formula 13
Therefore, the mean idle speed during coasting considering all H steps of 10 km/h shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 14:
Formula 14
Formula 14
The mean idle speed in standstill conditions shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 15:
Formula 15
Formula 15
where:
stand_speed l
engine idle speed in standstill conditions during the l-th measurement;
L
number of measurement points.
4.4. Engine synchronization energy determination
The engine synchronization CO 2 emissions during the i-th coasting event
[g CO 2 /km], shall be determined in accordance with Formula 16:
Formula 16
Formula 16
where:
f acc
:
fuel consumption to accelerate the engine from the idle speed to the synchronization speed [l];
CF
:
conversion factor as defined in Table 4 [g CO 2 /l];
:
distance driven during the i-th coasting event [km].
Manufacturers shall provide engine synchronization fuel consumption value [l] to the type approval authority/technical service determined in accordance with the following methodology:
4.4.1. Calculation of fuel consumption to accelerate the engine from the idle speed to the synchronization speed
When a coasting event is completed, an additional amount of energy is required (E acc ) to accelerate the engine to the synchronization speed.
The energy needed to accelerate the vehicle engine to synchronization speed, E acc , is the sum of the energies associated with the acceleration and the friction work implemented in the vehicle and shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 17:
Formula 17
E acc = E acc,kin + E acc,fric
where:
E acc,kin
:
Energy associated with the acceleration work implemented in the vehicle [kJ];
E acc,fric
:
Energy associated with the friction work implemented in the vehicle [kJ].
These energies shall be calculated in accordance with Formulas 18 and 19, respectively.
Formula 18
Formula 18
where:
I eng
:
Moment of inertia of engine (engine specific) [kgm 2 ];
:
Delta engine speed (from idle speed ω idle to the target/synchronization speed ω sync ) [rad/s].
Formula 19
Formula 19
where:
:
Engine friction torque (engine specific) [Nm];
Δγ acc
:
Delta rotational angle [rad] as determined in accordance with Formula 20.
Formula 20
Δγ acceng = (ω idle + 0,5•Δω acc ) • Δt acc
with Δt acc as defined in Formula 21:
Formula 21:
Δt acc = t sync – t idle
Finally, the amount of fuel [l] required to reach the synchronization speed, is calculated as follows:
Formula 22
acc = (E acc,kin + E acc,fric )•V Pe • 3,6
where:
V pe
:
Consumption of effective power as specified in Table 3 [l/kWh].
5. DETERMINATION OF THE CO 2 EMISSIONS OF THE ECO-INNOVATIVE VEHICLE UNDER MODIFIED TESTING CONDITIONS (E MC )
For each coasting event i, the corresponding CO 2 emissions
[g CO 2 /km] of the eco-innovative vehicle shall be determined in accordance with Formula 23:
Formula 23
Formula 23
where:
:
CO 2 emissions during the i-th idle phase as set out in point 4.3;
:
Engine synchronization CO 2 emissions during the i-th coasting event as set out in point 4.4.
The total CO 2 emissions of the eco-innovative vehicle during coasting events under modified testing conditions (E MC ) [g CO 2 /km] shall be determined in accordance with Formula 24:
Formula 24
Formula 24
where
I
:
Total number of coasting events (for the eco-innovative vehicle) and corresponding driving manoeuvres (for the baseline vehicle);
i
:
i-th coasting event (for the eco-innovative vehicle) and corresponding driving manoeuvre (for the baseline vehicle).
6. DETERMINATION OF THE CO 2 EMISSIONS OF THE BASELINE VEHICLE UNDER MODIFIED CONDITIONS (B MC )
For each coasting corresponding manoeuvre i, as described in Section 3.4, the CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle under modified conditions
[g CO 2 /km] shall be determined in accordance with Formula 25:
Formula 25
Formula 25
The total CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle under modified conditions B MC [g CO 2 /km] shall be determined in accordance with Formula 26:
Formula 26
Formula 26
where:
CO 2 emissions (arithmetic mean) of the baseline vehicle during the i-th overrun phase under modified testing conditions due to the battery balance [g CO 2 /km] as defined with Formula 6;
CO 2 emissions at constant speed k (i.e. 32, 35, 50, 70, 120 km/h) during the i-th constant speed event [g CO 2 /km] as defined with Formula 7.
7. CALCULATION OF CO 2 SAVINGS
The CO 2 savings of the engine-on coasting function shall be determined in accordance with Formula 27:
Formula 27
Formula 27
where
:
CO 2 savings [g CO 2 /km];
B MC
:
CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the manoeuvres corresponding with coasting events under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km];
E MC
:
CO 2 emissions of the eco-innovative vehicle during coasting events under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km];
UF MC
:
Usage factor of the coasting technology under modified conditions, which is 0,52 for vehicles equipped with automatic transmission and 0,48 for vehicles equipped with manual transmission with an automated clutch.
8. CALCULATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY
The uncertainty of the CO 2 savings
shall not exceed 0,5 g CO 2 /km.
This uncertainty of the CO 2 savings shall be calculated as follows:
Formula 28
Formula 28
where
:
Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the CO 2 emissions of the baseline vehicle during the manoeuvres corresponding with coasting events under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km], determined in accordance with Formula 29;
:
Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the CO 2 emissions of the eco-innovative vehicle during coasting events under modified testing conditions [g CO 2 /km] determined in accordance with Formulas 30 to 34;
s UF
:
Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the usage factor, which is 0,027.
is determined as follows:
Formula 29
Formula 29
where:
and
is determined as follows, depending on the value of f idle :
If f idle = f idle_meas :
Formula 30
Formula 30
If f idle = f standstill :
Formula 31
Formula 31
If f idle = idle_corr • f standstill :
Formula 32
Formula 32
where:
Formula 33
Formula 33
and:
Formula 34
Formula 34
9. CERTIFICATION OF CO 2 SAVINGS BY THE TYPE APPROVAL AUTHORITY
The type approval authority shall, for each vehicle version fitted with the engine-on coasting function, certify the CO 2 savings in accordance with Article 11 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011, by taking the lowest of the CO 2 savings determined respectively for vehicle low and vehicle high of the interpolation family to which the vehicle version belongs.
In determining the CO 2 savings and assessing them against the minimum savings threshold of 1 g CO 2 /km, the uncertainty of the CO 2 savings determined in accordance with Section 8 shall be taken into account as set out in Section 10.
The uncertainty of the CO 2 savings shall be calculated for both vehicle low and vehicle high of the interpolation family. In case that in one of those vehicles, the criteria set out in sections 8 or 10 are not fulfilled, the type approval authority shall not certify savings for any of the vehicles belonging in the respective interpolation family.
10. ASSESSMENT AGAINST THE MINIMUM THRESHOLD
Taking into account the uncertainty determined in accordance with section 8, the CO 2 savings shall exceed the minimum threshold of 1 g CO 2 /km specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011, as follows:
Formula 35
Formula 35
where
MT
:
Minimum threshold (1 g CO 2 /km);
:
CO 2 savings [g CO 2 /km];
:
uncertainty of the CO 2 savings [g CO 2 /km].
Where the minimum threshold is met in accordance with Formula 35, the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 shall apply.
Appendix 1
Cycle for constant speed fuel consumption measurement
Time
Speed
Acceleration *
Gear for manual transmission
[s]
[km/h]
[m/s 2 ]
[-]
0
0,0
0,00
Neutral
1
0,0
0,00
Neutral
2
0,0
0,00
Neutral
3
0,0
0,00
Neutral
4
0,0
0,00
Neutral
5
0,0
0,00
Neutral
6
0,0
0,00
Neutral
7
0,0
0,00
Neutral
8
0,0
0,00
Neutral
9
0,0
0,00
Neutral
10
0,0
0,00
Neutral
11
0,0
0,00
Neutral
12
0,0
0,00
Neutral
13
0,0
0,00
Neutral
14
0,0
0,00
Clutch
15
0,0
0,69
1
16
2,5
0,69
1
17
5,0
0,69
1
18
7,5
0,69
1
19
9,9
0,69
1
20
12,4
0,69
1
21
14,9
0,51
1
22
16,7
0,51
2
23
18,6
0,51
2
24
20,4
0,51
2
25
22,2
0,51
2
26
24,1
0,51
2
27
25,9
0,51
2
28
27,8
0,51
2
29
29,6
0,51
2
30
31,4
0,51
2
31
33,3
0,51
2
32
35,1
0,42
2
33
36,6
0,42
3
34
38,1
0,42
3
35
39,6
0,42
3
36
41,1
0,42
3
37
42,7
0,42
3
38
44,2
0,42
3
39
45,7
0,42
3
40
47,2
0,42
3
41
48,7
0,42
3
42
50,2
0,40
3
43
51,7
0,40
4
44
53,1
0,40
4
45
54,5
0,40
4
46
56,0
0,40
4
47
57,4
0,40
4
48
58,9
0,40
4
49
60,3
0,40
4
50
61,7
0,40
4
51
63,2
0,40
4
52
64,6
0,40
4
53
66,1
0,40
4
54
67,5
0,40
4
55
68,9
0,40
4
56
70,4
0,24
5
57
71,2
0,24
5
58
72,1
0,24
5
59
73,0
0,24
5
60
73,8
0,24
5
61
74,7
0,24
5
62
75,6
0,24
5
63
76,4
0,24
5
64
77,3
0,24
5
65
78,2
0,24
5
66
79,0
0,24
5
67
79,9
0,24
5
68
80,7
0,24
5
69
81,6
0,24
5
70
82,5
0,24
5
71
83,3
0,24
5
72
84,2
0,24
5
73
85,1
0,24
5
74
85,9
0,24
5
75
86,8
0,24
5
76
87,7
0,24
5
77
88,5
0,24
5
78
89,4
0,24
5
79
90,3
0,24
5
80
91,1
0,24
5
81
92,0
0,24
5
82
92,8
0,24
5
83
93,7
0,24
5
84
94,6
0,24
5
85
95,4
0,24
5
86
96,3
0,24
5
87
97,2
0,24
5
88
98,0
0,24
5
89
98,9
0,24
5
90
99,8
0,24
5
91
100,6
0,28
5/6
92
101,6
0,28
5/6
93
102,6
0,28
5/6
94
103,6
0,28
5/6
95
104,7
0,28
5/6
96
105,7
0,28
5/6
97
106,7
0,28
5/6
98
107,7
0,28
5/6
99
108,7
0,28
5/6
100
109,7
0,28
5/6
101
110,7
0,28
5/6
102
111,7
0,28
5/6
103
112,7
0,28
5/6
104
113,7
0,28
5/6
105
114,7
0,28
5/6
106
115,7
0,28
5/6
107
116,7
0,28
5/6
108
117,8
0,28
5/6
109
118,8
0,28
5/6
110
119,8
0,00
5/6
111
120,0
0,00
5/6
112
120,0
0,00
5/6
113
120,0
0,00
5/6
114
120,0
0,00
5/6
115
120,0
0,00
5/6
116
120,0
0,00
5/6
117
120,0
0,00
5/6
118
120,0
0,00
5/6
119
120,0
0,00
5/6
120
120,0
0,00
5/6
121
120,0
0,00
5/6
122
120,0
0,00
5/6
123
120,0
0,00
5/6
124
120,0
0,00
5/6
125
120,0
0,00
5/6
126
120,0
0,00
5/6
127
120,0
0,00
5/6
128
120,0
0,00
5/6
129
120,0
0,00
5/6
130
120,0
0,00
5/6
131
120,0
0,00
5/6
132
120,0
0,00
5/6
133
120,0
0,00
5/6
134
120,0
0,00
5/6
135
120,0
0,00
5/6
136
120,0
0,00
5/6
137
120,0
0,00
5/6
138
120,0
0,00
5/6
139
120,0
0,00
5/6
140
120,0
0,00
5/6
141
120,0
0,00
5/6
142
120,0
0,00
5/6
143
120,0
0,00
5/6
144
120,0
0,00
5/6
145
120,0
0,00
5/6
146
120,0
0,00
5/6
147
120,0
0,00
5/6
148
120,0
0,00
5/6
149
120,0
0,00
5/6
150
120,0
0,00
5/6
151
120,0
0,00
5/6
152
120,0
0,00
5/6
153
120,0
0,00
5/6
154
120,0
0,00
5/6
155
120,0
0,00
5/6
156
120,0
0,00
5/6
157
120,0
0,00
5/6
158
120,0
0,00
5/6
159
120,0
0,00
5/6
160
120,0
0,00
5/6
161
120,0
0,00
5/6
162
120,0
0,00
5/6
163
120,0
0,00
5/6
164
120,0
0,00
5/6
165
120,0
0,00
5/6
166
120,0
0,00
5/6
167
120,0
0,00
5/6
168
120,0
0,00
5/6
169
120,0
0,00
5/6
170
120,0
0,00
5/6
171
120,0
0,00
5/6
172
120,0
0,00
5/6
173
120,0
0,00
5/6
174
120,0
0,00
5/6
175
120,0
0,00
5/6
176
120,0
0,00
5/6
177
120,0
0,00
5/6
178
120,0
0,00
5/6
179
120,0
0,00
5/6
180
120,0
0,00
5/6
181
120,0
0,00
5/6
182
120,0
0,00
5/6
183
120,0
0,00
5/6
184
120,0
0,00
5/6
185
120,0
0,00
5/6
186
120,0
0,00
5/6
187
120,0
0,00
5/6
188
120,0
0,00
5/6
189
120,0
0,00
5/6
190
120,0
0,00
5/6
191
120,0
0,00
5/6
192
120,0
0,00
5/6
193
120,0
0,00
5/6
194
120,0
0,00
5/6
195
120,0
0,00
5/6
196
120,0
0,00
5/6
197
120,0
0,00
5/6
198
120,0
0,00
5/6
199
120,0
0,00
5/6
200
120,0
0,00
5/6
201
120,0
0,00
5/6
202
120,0
– 0,69
5/6
203
117,5
– 0,69
5/6
204
115,0
– 0,69
5/6
205
112,5
– 0,69
5/6
206
110,1
– 0,69
5/6
207
107,6
– 0,69
5/6
208
105,1
– 0,69
5/6
209
102,6
– 0,69
5/6
210
100,1
– 0,69
5/6
211
97,6
– 0,69
5/6
212
95,2
– 0,69
5/6
213
92,7
– 0,69
5/6
214
90,2
– 0,69
5/6
215
87,7
– 0,69
5/6
216
85,2
– 0,69
5/6
217
82,7
– 0,69
5/6
218
80,3
– 1,04
5/6
219
76,5
– 1,04
5/6
220
72,8
– 1,04
5/6
221
69,0
– 1,04
5/6
222
65,3
– 1,04
5/6
223
61,5
– 1,04
5/6
224
57,8
– 1,04
5/6
225
54,0
– 1,04
5/6
226
50,3
– 1,39
Clutch
227
45,3
– 1,39
Clutch
228
40,3
– 1,39
Clutch
229
35,3
– 1,39
Clutch
230
30,3
– 1,39
Clutch
231
25,3
– 1,39
Clutch
232
20,3
0,00
2
233
20,0
0,00
2
234
20,0
0,00
2
235
20,0
0,00
2
236
20,0
0,00
2
237
20,0
0,00
2
238
20,0
0,00
2
239
20,0
0,00
2
240
20,0
0,00
2
241
20,0
0,00
2
242
20,0
0,00
2
243
20,0
0,00
2
244
20,0
0,00
2
245
20,0
0,00
2
246
20,0
0,00
2
247
20,0
0,00
2
248
20,0
0,00
2
249
20,0
0,00
2
250
20,0
0,00
2
251
20,0
0,79
2
252
22,8
0,79
2
253
25,7
0,79
2
254
28,5
0,79
2
255
31,4
0,79
2
256
32,0
0,00
2
257
32,0
0,00
2
258
32,0
0,00
2
259
32,0
0,00
2
260
32,0
0,00
2
261
32,0
0,00
2
262
32,0
0,00
2
263
32,0
0,00
2
264
32,0
0,00
2
265
32,0
0,00
2
266
32,0
0,00
2
267
32,0
0,00
2
268
32,0
0,00
2
269
32,0
0,00
2
270
32,0
0,00
2
271
32,0
0,00
2
272
32,0
0,00
2
273
32,0
0,00
2
274
32,0
0,00
2
275
32,0
0,00
2
276
32,0
0,00
2
277
32,0
0,00
2
278
32,0
0,00
2
279
32,0
0,00
2
280
32,0
0,00
2
281
32,0
0,00
2
282
32,0
0,00
2
283
32,0
0,00
2
284
32,0
0,00
2
285
32,0
0,00
2
286
32,0
0,00
2
287
32,0
0,00
2
288
32,0
0,00
2
289
32,0
0,00
2
290
32,0
0,00
2
291
32,0
0,00
2
292
32,0
0,00
2
293
32,0
0,00
2
294
32,0
0,00
2
295
32,0
0,00
2
296
32,0
0,00
2
297
32,0
0,00
2
298
32,0
0,00
2
299
32,0
0,00
2
300
32,0
0,00
2
301
32,0
0,00
2
302
32,0
0,00
2
303
32,0
0,00
2
304
32,0
0,00
2
305
32,0
0,00
2
306
32,0
0,00
2
307
32,0
0,00
2
308
32,0
0,00
2
309
32,0
0,00
2
310
32,0
0,00
2
311
32,0
0,00
2
312
32,0
0,00
2
313
32,0
0,00
2
314
32,0
0,00
2
315
32,0
0,00
2
316
32,0
0,00
2
317
32,0
0,00
2
318
32,0
0,00
2
319
32,0
0,00
2
320
32,0
0,00
2
321
32,0
0,00
2
322
32,0
0,00
2
323
32,0
0,00
2
324
32,0
0,00
2
325
32,0
0,00
2
326
32,0
0,00
2
327
32,0
0,00
2
328
32,0
0,00
2
329
32,0
0,00
2
330
32,0
0,00
2
331
32,0
0,00
2
332
32,0
0,00
2
333
32,0
0,00
2
334
32,0
0,00
2
335
32,0
0,00
2
336
32,0
0,00
2
337
32,0
0,00
2
338
32,0
0,00
2
339
32,0
0,00
2
340
32,0
0,00
2
341
32,0
0,00
2
342
32,0
0,00
2
343
32,0
0,00
2
344
32,0
0,00
2
345
32,0
0,46
2
346
33,7
0,46
2
347
35,3
0,46
3
348
37,0
0,46
3
349
38,6
0,46
3
350
40,3
0,46
3
351
41,9
0,46
3
352
43,6
0,46
3
353
45,2
0,46
3
354
46,9
0,46
3
355
48,6
0,46
3
356
50,0
0,00
3
357
50,0
0,00
3
358
50,0
0,00
3
359
50,0
0,00
3
360
50,0
0,00
3
361
50,0
0,00
3
362
50,0
0,00
3
363
50,0
0,00
3
364
50,0
0,00
3
365
50,0
0,00
3
366
50,0
0,00
3
367
50,0
0,00
3
368
50,0
0,00
3
369
50,0
0,00
3
370
50,0
0,00
3
371
50,0
0,00
3
372
50,0
0,00
3
373
50,0
0,00
3
374
50,0
0,00
3
375
50,0
0,00
3
376
50,0
0,00
3
377
50,0
0,00
3
378
50,0
0,00
3
379
50,0
0,00
3
380
50,0
0,00
3
381
50,0
0,00
3
382
50,0
0,00
3
383
50,0
0,00
3
384
50,0
0,00
3
385
50,0
0,00
3
386
50,0
0,00
3
387
50,0
0,00
3
388
50,0
0,00
3
389
50,0
0,00
3
390
50,0
0,00
3
391
50,0
0,00
3
392
50,0
0,00
3
393
50,0
0,00
3
394
50,0
0,00
3
395
50,0
0,00
3
396
50,0
0,00
3
397
50,0
0,00
3
398
50,0
0,00
3
399
50,0
0,00
3
400
50,0
0,00
3
401
50,0
0,00
3
402
50,0
0,00
3
403
50,0
0,00
3
404
50,0
0,00
3
405
50,0
0,00
3
406
50,0
0,00
3
407
50,0
0,00
3
408
50,0
0,00
3
409
50,0
0,00
3
410
50,0
0,00
3
411
50,0
0,00
3
412
50,0
0,00
3
413
50,0
0,00
3
414
50,0
0,00
3
415
50,0
0,00
3
416
50,0
0,00
3
417
50,0
0,00
3
418
50,0
0,00
3
419
50,0
0,00
3
420
50,0
0,00
3
421
50,0
0,00
3
422
50,0
0,00
3
423
50,0
0,00
3
424
50,0
0,00
3
425
50,0
0,00
3
426
50,0
0,00
3
427
50,0
0,00
3
428
50,0
0,00
3
429
50,0
0,00
3
430
50,0
0,00
3
431
50,0
0,00
3
432
50,0
0,00
3
433
50,0
0,00
3
434
50,0
0,00
3
435
50,0
0,00
3
436
50,0
0,00
3
437
50,0
0,00
3
438
50,0
0,00
3
439
50,0
0,00
3
440
50,0
0,00
3
441
50,0
0,00
3
442
50,0
0,00
3
443
50,0
0,00
3
444
50,0
0,00
3
445
50,0
– 0,52
3
446
48,1
– 0,52
3
447
46,3
– 0,52
3
448
44,4
– 0,52
3
449
42,5
– 0,52
3
450
40,6
– 0,52
3
451
38,8
– 0,52
3
452
36,9
– 0,52
3
453
35,0
0,00
3
454
35,0
0,00
3
455
35,0
0,00
3
456
35,0
0,00
3
457
35,0
0,00
3
458
35,0
0,00
3
459
35,0
0,00
3
460
35,0
0,00
3
461
35,0
0,00
3
462
35,0
0,00
3
463
35,0
0,00
3
464
35,0
0,00
3
465
35,0
0,00
3
466
35,0
0,00
3
467
35,0
0,00
3
468
35,0
0,00
3
469
35,0
0,00
3
470
35,0
0,00
3
471
35,0
0,00
3
472
35,0
0,00
3
473
35,0
0,00
3
474
35,0
0,00
3
475
35,0
0,00
3
476
35,0
0,00
3
477
35,0
0,00
3
478
35,0
0,00
3
479
35,0
0,00
3
480
35,0
0,00
3
481
35,0
0,00
3
482
35,0
0,00
3
483
35,0
0,00
3
484
35,0
0,00
3
485
35,0
0,00
3
486
35,0
0,00
3
487
35,0
0,00
3
488
35,0
0,00
3
489
35,0
0,00
3
490
35,0
0,00
3
491
35,0
0,00
3
492
35,0
0,00
3
493
35,0
0,00
3
494
35,0
0,00
3
495
35,0
0,00
3
496
35,0
0,00
3
497
35,0
0,00
3
498
35,0
0,00
3
499
35,0
0,00
3
500
35,0
0,00
3
501
35,0
0,00
3
502
35,0
0,00
3
503
35,0
0,00
3
504
35,0
0,00
3
505
35,0
0,00
3
506
35,0
0,00
3
507
35,0
0,00
3
508
35,0
0,00
3
509
35,0
0,00
3
510
35,0
0,00
3
511
35,0
0,00
3
512
35,0
0,00
3
513
35,0
0,00
3
514
35,0
0,00
3
515
35,0
0,00
3
516
35,0
0,00
3
517
35,0
0,00
3
518
35,0
0,00
3
519
35,0
0,00
3
520
35,0
0,00
3
521
35,0
0,00
3
522
35,0
0,00
3
523
35,0
0,00
3
524
35,0
0,00
3
525
35,0
0,00
3
526
35,0
0,00
3
527
35,0
0,00
3
528
35,0
0,00
3
529
35,0
0,00
3
530
35,0
0,00
3
531
35,0
0,00
3
532
35,0
0,00
3
533
35,0
0,00
3
534
35,0
0,00
3
535
35,0
0,00
3
536
35,0
0,00
3
537
35,0
0,00
3
538
35,0
0,00
3
539
35,0
0,00
3
540
35,0
0,00
3
541
35,0
0,00
3
542
35,0
0,42
3
543
36,5
0,42
3
544
38,0
0,42
3
545
39,5
0,42
3
546
41,0
0,42
3
547
42,6
0,42
3
548
44,1
0,42
3
549
45,6
0,42
3
550
47,1
0,42
3
551
48,6
0,42
3
552
50,1
0,40
3
553
51,6
0,40
4
554
53,0
0,40
4
555
54,4
0,40
4
556
55,9
0,40
4
557
57,3
0,40
4
558
58,8
0,40
4
559
60,2
0,40
4
560
61,6
0,40
4
561
63,1
0,40
4
562
64,5
0,40
4
563
66,0
0,40
4
564
67,4
0,40
4
565
68,8
0,40
4
566
70,0
0,00
5
567
70,0
0,00
5
568
70,0
0,00
5
569
70,0
0,00
5
570
70,0
0,00
5
571
70,0
0,00
5
572
70,0
0,00
5
573
70,0
0,00
5
574
70,0
0,00
5
575
70,0
0,00
5
576
70,0
0,00
5
577
70,0
0,00
5
578
70,0
0,00
5
579
70,0
0,00
5
580
70,0
0,00
5
581
70,0
0,00
5
582
70,0
0,00
5
583
70,0
0,00
5
584
70,0
0,00
5
585
70,0
0,00
5
586
70,0
0,00
5
587
70,0
0,00
5
588
70,0
0,00
5
589
70,0
0,00
5
590
70,0
0,00
5
591
70,0
0,00
5
592
70,0
0,00
5
593
70,0
0,00
5
594
70,0
0,00
5
595
70,0
0,00
5
596
70,0
0,00
5
597
70,0
0,00
5
598
70,0
0,00
5
599
70,0
0,00
5
600
70,0
0,00
5
601
70,0
0,00
5
602
70,0
0,00
5
603
70,0
0,00
5
604
70,0
0,00
5
605
70,0
0,00
5
606
70,0
0,00
5
607
70,0
0,00
5
608
70,0
0,00
5
609
70,0
0,00
5
610
70,0
0,00
5
611
70,0
0,00
5
612
70,0
0,00
5
613
70,0
0,00
5
614
70,0
0,00
5
615
70,0
0,00
5
616
70,0
0,00
5
617
70,0
0,00
5
618
70,0
0,00
5
619
70,0
0,00
5
620
70,0
0,00
5
621
70,0
0,00
5
622
70,0
0,00
5
623
70,0
0,00
5
624
70,0
0,00
5
625
70,0
0,00
5
626
70,0
0,00
5
627
70,0
0,00
5
628
70,0
0,00
5
629
70,0
0,00
5
630
70,0
0,00
5
631
70,0
0,00
5
632
70,0
0,00
5
633
70,0
0,00
5
634
70,0
0,00
5
635
70,0
0,00
5
636
70,0
0,00
5
637
70,0
0,00
5
638
70,0
0,00
5
639
70,0
0,00
5
640
70,0
0,00
5
641
70,0
0,00
5
642
70,0
0,00
5
643
70,0
0,00
5
644
70,0
0,00
5
645
70,0
0,00
5
646
70,0
0,00
5
647
70,0
0,00
5
648
70,0
0,00
5
649
70,0
0,00
5
650
70,0
0,00
5
651
70,0
0,00
5
652
70,0
0,00
5
653
70,0
0,00
5
654
70,0
0,00
5
655
70,0
– 1,04
5
656
66,3
– 1,04
5
657
62,5
– 1,04
5
658
58,8
– 1,04
5
659
55,0
– 1,04
5
660
51,3
– 1,04
5
661
47,5
– 1,04
Clutch
662
43,8
– 1,39
Clutch
663
38,8
– 1,39
Clutch
664
33,8
– 1,39
Clutch
665
28,8
– 1,39
Clutch
666
23,8
– 1,39
Clutch
667
18,8
– 1,39
Clutch
668
13,8
– 1,39
Clutch
669
8,8
– 1,39
Clutch
670
3,8
– 1,05
Clutch
671
0,0
0,00
Clutch
672
0,0
0,00
Neutral
673
0,0
0,00
Neutral
674
0,0
0,00
Neutral
675
0,0
0,00
Neutral
676
0,0
0,00
Neutral
677
0,0
0,00
Neutral
678
0,0
0,00
Neutral
679
0,0
0,00
Neutral
680
0,0
0,00
Neutral
( 1 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153 of 2 June 2017 setting out a methodology for determining the correlation parameters necessary for reflecting the change in the regulatory test procedure and amending Regulation (EU) No 2014/2010 ( OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 679 ).
( 2 ) PM = gearbox in neutral, clutch engaged. K 1 , K 5 = first or second gear engaged, clutch disengaged.
( 3 ) Additional gears can be used according to manufacturer recommendations if the vehicle is equipped with a transmission with more than five gears.
( *1 ) Achieved velocity after 4 seconds with an acceleration of – 0,69 m/s2 is 60,064 km/h. This velocity is also used as gear shift indicator for modified NEDC cycle.
( *2 ) dv4 ≥ 60,064 km/h.
