Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 of 1 August 2022 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the performance of heavy-duty trailers with regard to their influence on the CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, energy consumption and zero emission driving range of motor vehicles and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 (Text with EEA relevance)
CHAPTER I — SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Scope
This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories O 3 and O 4, other than:
(a)
vehicles with a bodywork other than a box shaped bodywork as defined in Article 2, point (2);
(b)
vehicles with a technically permissible maximum mass lower than 8 000 kg;
(c)
vehicles with more than three axles;
(d)
link drawbar trailers and link semi-trailers;
(e)
converter dollies;
(f)
vehicles exceeding the maximum authorised dimensions laid down in Annex XIII, section E to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 ( 5 ) ;
(g)
vehicles with driven axles.
Definitions
The following definitions shall apply:
(1)
‘simulation tool’ means an electronic tool, developed by the Commission, which is used to assess the performance of vehicles of categories O 3 and O 4 with regard to their influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles;
(2)
‘box shaped bodywork’ means an enclosed superstructure integral to the frame of the vehicle, which covers the goods being transported, and for which the attributed digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 03, 04, 05, 06 or 32, in accordance with Annex III, Table 3;
(3)
‘hashing tool’ means an electronic tool, developed by the Commission, which provides an unequivocal association between the certified component, separate technical unit or system and its certification document, or between a vehicle and its manufacturer's records file and its customer information file;
(4)
‘manufacturer’ means the person or body that is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the certification process and for ensuring conformity of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems, irrespective of whether that person or body is directly involved in all stages of the construction of the component, separate technical unit or system which is the subject of the certification;
(5)
‘vehicle manufacturer’ means a body or person responsible for issuing the manufacturer’s records file and the customer information file pursuant to Article 8;
(6)
‘CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties’ means characteristics specific to a component, separate technical unit and system which determine the impact of the part on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;
(7)
‘aerodynamic device’ means a device, equipment, or a combination thereof in a specific configuration designed to reduce the aerodynamic drag of vehicle combinations consisting of at least a motor vehicle and a trailer or semi-trailer;
(8)
‘generic geometry’ means a three dimensional model developed by the Commission for computational fluid dynamics simulations;
(9)
‘manufacturer’s records file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains manufacturer related information, a documentation of the input data and input information to the simulation tool, and the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles, and which takes the form of the template laid down in Annex IV, Part I;
(10)
‘customer information file’ means a file produced by the simulation tool which contains a set of vehicle related information and the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on CO 2 emissions, fuel consumption, of motor vehicles, and which takes the form of the template laid down in Annex IV, Part II;
(11)
‘input data’ means information on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system which is used by the simulation tool to determine the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle;
(12)
‘input information’ means information about the characteristics of a vehicle which is used by the simulation tool to determine the influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of that vehicle and which is not part of input data;
(13)
‘authorised entity’ means a national authority authorised by a Member State to request relevant information from the manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system and CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of new vehicles respectively.
CHAPTER II — VEHICLE GROUPS, ELECTRONIC TOOLS AND VEHICLE GENERIC GEOMETRIES
Vehicle groups
Vehicle manufactures shall classify their vehicles in vehicle groups in accordance with Annex I, Point 2.
Electronic tools
1. Vehicle manufacturers shall use the following electronic tools provided by the Commission free of charge in the form of downloadable and executable software:
(a)
the simulation tool;
(b)
the hashing tool.
The Commission shall maintain the electronic tools and provide modifications and updates to those tools.
2. The Commission shall make the electronic tools referred to in paragraph 1 available through a publicly available dedicated electronic distribution platform.
CHAPTER III — LICENCE TO OPERATE THE SIMULATION TOOL FOR THE PURPOSES OF TYPE-APPROVAL
Application for a licence to operate the simulation tool to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption
1. Vehicle manufacturers shall submit to the approval authority an application for a licence to operate the simulation tool to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption.
2. Vehicle manufacturers shall submit the application for a licence to operate the simulation tool to the approval authority by using the template set out in Annex II, Appendix 1.
The application for a licence to operate the simulation tool shall be accompanied by all of the following:
(a)
a detailed description of the processes referred to in Annex II, Point 1;
(b)
the assessment referred to in Annex II, Point 2.
3. Vehicle manufacturers shall submit the application for the licence to operate the simulation tool at the latest together with the application for a type-approval or individual approval of the vehicle concerned.
Administrative provisions for the granting of the licence to operate the simulation tool
1. The approval authority shall grant the licence to operate the simulation tool if the vehicle manufacturer concerned submits the application in accordance with Article 5 and proves that all the processes have been set up in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex II, Point 1.
2. The licence shall be issued in the form of the template set out in Annex II, Appendix 2.
Subsequent changes to the processes set up for assessing the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption
1. Vehicle manufacturers shall notify the approval authority without delay of any changes those manufacturers made to the processes they set up to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to the influence of those new vehicles on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption and that are covered by the licence to operate the simulation tool, where such changes may have an effect on the accuracy, reliability or stability of those processes.
2. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall inform the vehicle manufacturer concerned on whether the changed processes continue to be covered by the licence granted pursuant to Article 6.
3. Where the changes referred to in paragraph 1 are not covered by the licence to operate the simulation tool, vehicle manufacturers shall, within one month of receipt of the information referred to in paragraph 2, apply for a new licence in accordance with Article 5. The approval authority shall withdraw the license if a vehicle manufacturer does not apply for a new licence, or if the application for a new license is rejected.
CHAPTER IV — OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
Obligation to assess the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption
1. Vehicle manufacturers shall determine the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption to be sold, registered or put into service in the Union using the latest available version of the simulation tool.
2. Vehicle manufacturers shall record the results of the simulation performed with the simulation tool in the manufacturer's records file.
With the exception of the cases referred to in Article 21(2), second subparagraph, and in Article 23(3), any changes to the manufacturer's records file shall be prohibited.
3. Vehicle manufacturers shall create cryptographic hashes of the manufacturer’s records file and of the customer information file using the hashing tool.
4. Each vehicle to be registered, sold or to enter into service shall be accompanied by the customer information file.
Each customer information file shall contain an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file.
5. Each vehicle to be registered, sold or entered into service shall be accompanied by a certificate of conformity or, in the case of vehicles approved in accordance with Article 44 or Article 45 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, an individual approval certificate, including an imprint of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file and of the customer information file.
6. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 to 5, vehicle manufacturers applying for individual approvals for vehicles that belong to the vehicle groups concerned may, at the latest together with the application for an individual approval, request the approval authority that the assessment of the performance of those vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption is carried out by a designated technical service. That request shall contain the input data and input information referred to in the template set out in Annex III, Appendix 1. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide the designated technical service with the input data and input information of the components certified in accordance with Article 11(1) in the form of XML files.
7. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 to 5, vehicle manufacturers holding a type-approval and with an annual production of less than 30 vehicles that belong to the vehicle groups concerned may request a designated technical service to carry out the simulation for the assessment of the performance of those vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption. The request for each vehicle shall contain the input data and input information referred to in the template set out in Annex III, Appendix 1. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide the designated technical service with the input data and input information of the components certified in accordance with Article 11(1) in the form of XML files.
8. For the purposes of paragraphs 6 and 7, the approval authorities shall designate a technical service to operate the simulation tool and to draw up the manufacturer’s records file and the customer information file.
Modifications of, updates to and malfunctionings of the simulation and hashing tool
1. In the case of modifications or updates to the simulation tool, vehicle manufacturers shall start using the modified or updated simulation tool no later than 3 months after the modifications and updates have been made available on the dedicated electronic distribution platform.
2. If the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption cannot be assessed due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, vehicle manufacturers shall notify the Commission thereof by means of the dedicated electronic distribution platform without delay.
3. If the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption cannot be assessed due to a malfunction of the simulation tool, vehicle manufacturers shall perform the simulation for those vehicles not later than 7 calendar days after the date on which the modifications or updates were made available on the dedicated electronic distribution platform. Until the modifications or updates are available, the obligations laid down in Article 8 shall be suspended for the vehicles for which the determination of the performance with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption is not possible.
Accessibility of the simulation tool inputs and output information
1. Vehicle manufacturers or, in case the simulation is performed by a technical service, the responsible bodies designated by the Member State, shall store the manufacturer's records file and the certificates on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, systems and separate technical units for 10 years after the production or approval of the vehicle, respectively.
2. Upon request from an authorised entity of a Member State or the Commission, vehicle manufacturers or the responsible bodies referred to in paragraph 1 shall provide the manufacturer's records file and the certificates on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, systems and separate technical units to that entity or to the Commission within 15 working days.
3. Upon request from an authorised entity or the Commission, the approval authority which granted the licence to operate the simulation tool in accordance with Article 6 or which certified the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a component, separate technical unit or system in accordance with Article 17 shall provide to that entity or to the Commission the application for the licence to operate the simulation tool referred to in Article 5(2) or the application for the certification of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties referred to in Article 16(2), respectively, within 15 working days.
CHAPTER V — CO 2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF AERODYNAMIC DEVICES AND TYRES
Components, separate technical units and systems relevant for assessing the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption
1. The input data for the simulation tool shall contain data about the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the following components, separate technical units and systems:
(a)
aerodynamic devices;
(b)
tyres.
2. Vehicle manufacturers shall base the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices on the values determined, for each family of aerodynamic devices, in accordance with Article 13, and have those properties certified in accordance with Article 17. In the absence of such determination and certification, vehicle manufacturers shall base the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 12.
3. Vehicle manufacturers shall base the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of tyres on the certified or standard values determined pursuant to Article 12 and Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.
4. Where a new vehicle is to be registered, sold or put into service with a complete set of snow tyres and a complete set of standard tyres, vehicle manufacturers may choose which of the tyres to use for assessing the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption.
Standard values
The standard values for aerodynamic devices shall be determined and allocated automatically by the simulation tool by using the parameters laid down in Annex V, Appendix 6.
Certified values
The certified values for aerodynamic devices shall be determined in accordance with Annex V, Point 3.
Vehicle generic geometries
1. For the determination of the aerodynamic device data specified in Annex V, manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall use the following generic geometries:
(a)
a 4x2 tractor generic geometry;
(b)
a 4x2 tractor generic geometry for volume oriented semi-trailers;
(c)
a 4x2 rigid lorry generic geometry;
(d)
a 6x2 rigid lorry generic geometry;
(e)
a semi-trailer generic geometry;
(f)
a volume oriented semi-trailer generic geometry;
(g)
a drawbar trailer generic geometry;
(h)
a volume oriented drawbar trailer generic geometry;
(i)
a centre-axle trailer generic geometry;
(j)
a volume oriented centre-axle trailer generic geometry;
(k)
a rear flap generic geometry;
(l)
semi-trailer side covers generic geometry.
2. The Commission shall make the generic geometries referred to in paragraph 1 available free of charge in the form of downloadable .igs, .step and .stl file formats through a publicly available dedicated electronic distribution platform.
Family concept for aerodynamic devices using certified values
1. The certified values determined for a parent aerodynamic device shall be valid for all family members of that device in accordance with the family criteria set out in Annex V, Appendix 4.
2. The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the parent aerodynamic device shall not be better than the properties of any member of the same family of aerodynamic devices.
3. Manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall provide the approval authority with evidence that the parent aerodynamic device fully represents the family of aerodynamic devices.
4. Upon request of a manufacturer of an aerodynamic device, and subject to the agreement of the approval authority, the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device, other than the parent aerodynamic device, may be indicated in the certificate of the family of aerodynamic devices.
The CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device referred to in the first subparagraph shall be determined in accordance with Annex V, Point 3.
5. Where the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of an aerodynamic device, determined in accordance with paragraph 4, lead to a worse performance of the vehicle with regard to its CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption than in the case of the parent aerodynamic device, manufacturers of the aerodynamic devices concerned shall exclude that aerodynamic device from the existing family or apply for an extension of the certification pursuant to Article 18.
Application for a certification of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices and their families
1. Manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall submit to the approval authority the application for the certification of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those devices or their respective families.
2. The application for certification referred to in paragraph 1 shall take the form of the template set out in Annex V, Appendix 2.
That application shall be accompanied by all of the following:
(a)
an explanation of the elements of design of the aerodynamic device which have a non-negligible effect on the CO 2 emissions, fuel and energy consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device;
(b)
the validation report as specified in Annex V, Point 3;
(c)
the technical report including the computer simulation results as specified in Annex V, Point 3;
(d)
a documentation package for the correct installation of the aerodynamic device;
(e)
a statement of compliance issued pursuant to Annex IV, Point 2 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.
3. Changes to the aerodynamic device that occur after a certification shall not invalidate the certification, unless its original characteristics or technical parameters are changed in a way that affects the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic device concerned.
Certification of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
1. If the requirement laid down in in Article 13 is met, approval authorities shall certify the values relating to the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the family of aerodynamic devices and issue a certificate in the form of the template set out in Annex V, Appendix 1.
2. Approval authorities shall assign a certification number in accordance with the numbering system set out in Annex V, Appendix 3.
Approval authorities shall not assign the same certification number to another family of aerodynamic devices. The certification number shall be the identifier of the technical report.
3. Approval authorities shall create a cryptographic hash of the file with the computer simulation results referred to in Article 16(2), point (c), and the certification number, by means of the hashing tool. That hashing shall be done immediately after the computer simulation results are produced. Approval authorities shall imprint the cryptographic hash along with the certification number on the certificate on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.
Extension to include an aerodynamic device into a family of aerodynamic devices
1. At the request of a manufacturer of aerodynamic devices, and upon approval of the approval authority concerned, a new aerodynamic device may be included into a family of aerodynamic devices if that device meets the criteria laid down in Annex V, Appendix 4, in which case the approval authority shall issue a revised certificate denoted by an extension number.
Manufacturers of the aerodynamic devices concerned shall modify the information document referred to in Article 16(2) accordingly and provide that document to the approval authority.
2. Where the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic device referred to paragraph 1 are worse than in the case of the parent aerodynamic device, the new aerodynamic device shall become the new parent aerodynamic device.
Changes relevant for the certification of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
1. Manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall notify their approval authority of any changes to the design or manufacturing process of aerodynamic devices that occur after the certification referred to in Article 17 and which may have a non-negligible effect on the performance with regard to CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle equipped with those devices.
2. Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority concerned shall inform the manufacturer concerned whether or not the aerodynamic devices affected by the changes continue to be covered by the certificate issued, or whether a computer simulation in accordance with Article 13 is necessary.
3. Where the aerodynamic devices affected by the changes are not covered by the certificate referred to in Article 17(1), the manufacturer concerned shall apply for a new certification or an extension of that certification pursuant to Article 18(1) within one month of receipt of that information from the approval authority.
Where manufacturers of aerodynamic devices do not apply for a new certification or a revision within that deadline, or where the application is rejected, the approval authorities shall withdraw the certificate.
CHAPTER VI — CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION, INPUT INFORMATION AND INPUT DATA
Responsibilities of the vehicle manufacturer, the approval authority and the Commission with regard to the conformity of simulation tool operation
1. Vehicle manufacturers shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the processes set up to assess the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles covered by the licence granted pursuant to Article 6 continue to be adequate for that purpose.
2. Approval authorities shall perform the assessment referred to in Annex II, Point 2 annually to verify whether the processes set up by vehicle manufacturers for assessing the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles continue to be adequate and to verify the selection of the input information and input data and the repetition of the simulations performed by the vehicle manufacturer.
Approval authorities may carry out the assessment more than once per year, but not more than four times a year, where they consider such assessments justified.
Remedial measures for the conformity of simulation tool operation
1. Approval authorities that find, pursuant to Article 20(2), that the processes set up by the vehicle manufacturer to assess the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicles are not in accordance with the licence or may lead to an incorrect assessment of that performance of the vehicles concerned shall request the vehicle manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than one month after receipt of the request from the approval authority. Approval authorities may extend the period with up to one month where the vehicle manufacturer demonstrates that more time is necessary to submit the plan of remedial measures.
2. Approval authorities shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures referred to in paragraph 1 within one month of its receipt. Approval authorities shall notify the vehicle manufacturer concerned and all the other Member States of its decision.
Approval authorities may require vehicle manufacturers to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customer information file, individual approval certificate and certificate of conformity on the basis of a new assessment of the performance of the vehicle with regard to its influence on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption reflecting the changes implemented in accordance with the approved plan of remedial measures referred to in paragraph 1.
3. The vehicle manufacturer shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures referred to in paragraph 1.
4. Where the plan of remedial measures referred to in paragraph 1 has been rejected by the approval authority, or where the approval authority has established that the remedial measures are not applied correctly, the approval authority shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of simulation tool operation or withdraw the licence.
Responsibilities of the manufacturer and of the approval authority with regard to the conformity of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic devices
Manufacturers of aerodynamic devices shall take the necessary measures in accordance with Annex IV, Point 3 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 to ensure that the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the aerodynamic devices referred to in Article 11(1), point (a), which have been the subject of certification in accordance with Article 17, do not deviate from the certified values.
Remedial measures for the conformity of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of aerodynamic devices
1. Approval authorities that find, pursuant to Articles 20 and 21, that the measures taken by the manufacturer to ensure the compliance of the aerodynamic devices, referred to in Article 11(1) point (a) and certified in accordance with Article 17, are not adequate, shall request the manufacturer of those aerodynamic devices to submit a plan of remedial measures no later than one month after receipt of the request by that manufacturer. Approval authorities may extend that period with up to one month where the manufacturer of those aerodynamic devices demonstrates that more time is necessary to submit the plan of remedial measures.
2. The plan of remedial measures shall apply to all the aerodynamic devices or, if applicable, to their respective families, which have been identified by the approval authority in its request.
3. Approval authorities shall approve or reject the plan of remedial measures within one month of its receipt. Approval authorities shall notify the manufacturer of the aerodynamic devices and all the other Member States of its decision to approve or reject the plan of remedial measures.
Approval authorities may require vehicle manufacturers who installed the aerodynamic devices concerned in their vehicles to issue a new manufacturer's records file, customers information file, individual vehicle approval certificate and certificate of conformity on the basis of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those aerodynamic devices obtained by means of the measures referred to in Article 22.
4. The manufacturers of the aerodynamic devices concerned shall be responsible for the execution of the approved plan of remedial measures.
5. The manufacturers of the aerodynamic devices concerned shall keep a record of every aerodynamic device recalled and repaired or modified and of the workshop which performed the repair. Approval authorities shall have access to those records on request during the execution of the plan of the remedial measures and for a period of 5 years after the completion of its execution.
6. An approval authority that rejects the plan of remedial measures or establishes that the remedial measures are not correctly applied shall take the necessary measures to ensure the conformity of CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the family of aerodynamic devices concerned or withdraw the certificate on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.
CHAPTER VII — FINAL PROVISIONS
Transitional provisions
Without prejudice to Article 9(3), where the obligations referred to in Article 8 have not been complied with, Member States shall prohibit the registration, sale or entry into service of vehicles that belong to vehicle groups for which the first two digits are 11, 12, 13, 42, 43, 61, 62 and 63 as from 1 July 2024.
Amendments to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683
Annexes I, II, III and VIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 are amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation.
Entry into force and application
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union . Article 8(4) shall, however, apply from 1 January 2024.
Supplementary provisions
CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES IN VEHICLE GROUPS
ANNEX ISupplementary provisions
ANNEX I
CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES IN VEHICLE GROUPS
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:
(1)
‘soft shell box body’ means a box shaped bodywork where at least the two sides of the body are covered by tarpaulin entirely or between the upper edge of the hinged side panels and the roof of the superstructure, and for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 32, or 06.
(2)
‘hard shell box body’ means a box shaped bodywork for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 03 or 05.
(3)
‘refrigerated box body’ means a box shaped bodywork for which the digits used to supplement the codes of bodywork are 04.
(4)
‘internal height of the body’ means the internal height of the body dimension without taking into account internal projections (including wheel boxes, ribs and hooks) as defined in point 6.15 of Standard ISO 612:1978. If the roof is curved, the dimension shall be measured between the horizontal planes tangential to the apices of the curved surface, the dimension being measured inside the body.
(5)
‘internal length of the body’ means the internal length of the body dimension without taking into account internal projections (including wheelboxes, ribs and hooks) as defined in point 6.15 of Standard ISO 612:1978. If the front or rear wall is curved, the dimension shall be measured between the vertical planes tangential to the apices of the curved surface(s), the dimension being measured inside the body.
(6)
‘volume orientation’ means that the trailer is primarily designed for the transport of voluminous goods and has an internal height of not less than 2,9 meters:
(a)
in the case of semi-trailers, measured from the landing gear to the end of the loading area;
(b)
in the case of drawbar trailers, and centre-axle trailers, measured along the entire length of the loading area.
2. Classification of vehicles in vehicle groups
Table 1
Vehicle groups for semi-trailers
Description of elements relevant to the classification
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *2 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
Long haul (EMS ( *1 ) )
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *1 ) )
Urban delivery
DA semi-trailers
1
soft shell box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
111
5RD
5RD
5RD
Yes
111V
5RD
5RD
5RD
hard shell box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
112
5RD
5RD
5RD
Yes
112V
5RD
5RD
5RD
refrigerated box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
113
5RD
5RD
5RD
2
soft shell box body
≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t
No
121
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
121V
5LH
5LH
5LH
> 18 t
No
122
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
122V
5LH
5LH
5LH
hard shell box body
≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t
No
123
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
123V
5LH
5LH
5LH
> 18 t
No
124
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
124V
5LH
5LH
5LH
refrigerated box body
≥ 8,0 t and ≤ 18 t
No
125
5LH
5LH
5LH
> 18 t
No
126
5LH
5LH
5LH
3
soft shell box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
131
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
131V
5LH
5LH
5LH
hard shell box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
132
5LH
5LH
5LH
Yes
132V
5LH
5LH
5LH
refrigerated box body
≥ 8,0 t
No
133
5LH
5LH
5LH
4
soft shell box body
---
No
(141)
---
Yes
(141V)
hard shell box body
---
No
(142)
---
Yes
(142V)
refrigerated box body
---
No
(143)
RD
=
Regional delivery
LH
=
Long haul
Table 2
Vehicle groups for link semi-trailers
Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *4 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
Long haul (EMS ( *3 ) )
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *3 ) )
Urban delivery
Link semi-trailers
2
soft shell box body
---
No
(221)
hard shell box body
---
No
(222)
refrigerated box body
---
No
(223)
3
soft shell box body
---
No
(231)
hard shell box body
---
No
(232)
refrigerated box body
---
No
(233)
Table 3
Vehicle groups for converter dollies
Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *6 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
TPMLM ( *6 ) axle assembly [t]
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *5 ) )
Urban delivery
SJ converter dollies
2
converter dolly
---
No
(321)
Yes
(321V)
Table 4
Vehicle groups for drawbar trailers
Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *8 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
Long haul (EMS ( *7 ) )
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *7 ) )
Urban delivery
DB drawbar trailers
2
soft shell box body
---
No
421
9LH
9LH
9LH
Yes
421V
9LH
9LH
9LH
hard shell box body
---
No
422
9LH
9LH
9LH
Yes
422V
9LH
9LH
9LH
refrigerated box body
---
No
423
9LH
9LH
9LH
3
soft shell box body
---
No
431
4LH
4LH
4LH
Yes
431V
4LH
4LH
4LH
hard shell box body
---
No
432
4LH
4LH
4LH
Yes
432V
4LH
4LH
4LH
refrigerated box body
---
No
433
4LH
4LH
4LH
4
soft shell box body
---
No
(441)
Yes
(441V)
hard shell box body
---
No
(442)
Yes
(442V)
refrigerated box body
---
No
(443)
LH
=
Long haul
Table 5
Vehicle groups for link trailers
Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *10 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
Long haul (EMS ( *9 ) )
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *9 ) )
Urban delivery
Link drawbar trailer
4
soft shell box body
---
No
(541)
hard shell box body
---
No
(542)
refrigerated box body
---
No
(543)
Table 6
Vehicle groups for centre-axle trailers
Description of elements relevant to the classification in vehicle groups
Vehicle group
Allocation of mission profile and vehicle configuration
Number of axles
Bodywork type
TPMLM ( *12 ) axle assembly [t]
Volume orientation
Long haul
Long haul (EMS ( *11 ) )
Regional delivery
Regional delivery (EMS ( *11 ) )
Urban delivery
DC centre-axle trailers
1
soft shell box body
---
No
611
2RD
2RD
2RD
---
Yes
611V
2RD
2RD
2RD
hard shell box body
---
No
612
2RD
2RD
2RD
---
Yes
612V
2RD
2RD
2RD
2
soft shell box body
≤ 13,5 t
No
621
2RD
2RD
2RD
Yes
621V
2RD
2RD
2RD
> 13,5 t
No
622
9LH
9LH
9LH
Yes
622V
9LH
9LH
9LH
hard shell box body
≤ 13,5 t
No
623
2RD
2RD
2RD
Yes
623V
2RD
2RD
2RD
> 13,5 t
No
624
9LH
9LH
9LH
Yes
624V
9LH
9LH
9LH
refrigerated box body
> 13,5 t
No
625
9LH
9LH
9LH
3
soft shell box body
---
No
631
4LH
4LH
4LH
---
Yes
631V
4LH
4LH
4LH
hard shell box body
---
No
632
4LH
4LH
4LH
---
Yes
632V
4LH
4LH
4LH
refrigerated box body
---
No
633
4LH
4LH
4LH
RD
=
Regional delivery
LH
=
Long haul
( *1 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *2 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
( *3 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *4 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
( *5 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *6 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
( *7 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *8 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
( *9 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *10 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
( *11 ) EMS – European Modular System
( *12 ) TPMLM – Technically permissible maximum laden mass
REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESSES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
ANNEX IISupplementary provisions
ANNEX II
REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESSES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE SIMULATION TOOL
1.
The processes to be set up by the vehicle manufacturer for the operation of the simulation tool
1.1.
The vehicle manufacturer shall set up the following processes:
1.1.1.
A data management system covering sourcing, storing, handling and retrieving of the input information and input data for the simulation tool as well as handling certificates on the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of component families, separate technical unit families and system families. The data management system shall:
(a)
ensure the application of correct input information and input data to specific vehicle configurations;
(b)
ensure the correct calculation and application of standard values;
(c)
verify by means of comparing cryptographic hashes that the input files of component families, separate technical unit families and system families which are used for the simulation correspond to the input data of the component families, separate technical unit families and system families for which the certification has been granted;
(d)
contain a protected database for storing the input data relating to the component families, separate technical unit families or system families and the corresponding certificates of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties;
(e)
ensure the correct management of the changes of specification and updates of components, separate technical units and systems;
(f)
enable the tracing of the components, separate technical units and systems after the vehicle has been produced.
1.1.2.
A data management system covering retrieval of the input information and input data and calculations by means of the simulation tool and storing of the output data. The data management system shall:
(a)
ensure the correct application of cryptographic hashes;
(b)
contain a protected database for storing the output data;
1.1.3.
A process for consulting the dedicated electronic distribution platform referred to in Article 4(2) and Article 9(1) and (2), as well as downloading and installing the latest versions of the simulation tool.
1.1.4.
Appropriate training of staff working with the simulation tool.
2.
Assessment by the approval authority
2.1.
The approval authority shall assess whether the processes set out in point 1 for the operation of the simulation tool have been set up.
This assessment shall contain the following verifications:
(a)
the functioning of the processes set out in points 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 and the application of the requirement set out in point 1.1.4;
(b)
that the processes used during the demonstration are applied in the same manner in all the production facilities of the vehicle manufacturer;
(c)
the completeness of the description of the data and process flows of operations related to the assessment of the performance of new vehicles with regard to their influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption.
For the purpose of point 2.1.(a), the assessment shall include the determination of the performance with regard to the influence on CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of at least one vehicle for which the licence has been applied for.
INPUT INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE
ANNEX IIISupplementary provisions
ANNEX III
INPUT INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE
1. Introduction
This Annex III describes the list of parameters to be provided by the vehicle manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions apply:
(1)
‘parameter ID’ means the unique identifier used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data;
(2)
‘type’: Data type of the parameter
string …
sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding
token …
sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace
date …
date and time in UTC time in the format: YYYY-MM-DD T HH:MM:SS Z
integer …
value with an integral data type, no leading zeros
double, X ....
fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros
boolean …
accepted values ‘true’, ‘false’, and also ‘1’ (for true) and ‘0’ (for false)
(3)
‘unit’ …
means the physical unit of the parameter;
(4)
‘trailer coupling point high’ means the clevis type drawbar coupling, with a jaw and an automatic closing and locking pin on the towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a drawbar eye, with higher clearance from the centre of coupling point to the ground, commonly intended for towing trailers type DB and DC;
(5)
‘trailer coupling point low’ means the clevis type drawbar coupling, with a jaw and an automatic closing and locking pin on the towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a drawbar eye, with lower clearance from the centre of coupling point to the ground, commonly intended for towing trailers type DC;
(6)
‘maximum external dimensions of body’:
(a)
‘external length of the body’ means the external length of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment).
(b)
‘external width of the body’ means the external width of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment).
(c)
‘external height of the body’ means the external height of the body dimension without taking into account external body projections (aerodynamic devices and equipment).
(7)
‘total height of the trailer’ (unladen) means the distance between the supporting surface and a horizontal plane touching the topmost part of a vehicle, as defined in point 6.3 of Standard ISO 612:1978.
(8)
‘cargo volume’ means the internal volume of the body which is available to be filled with load;
(9)
‘axle-lift device’ means a mechanism as defined in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.33 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535;
(10)
‘lift axle or retractable axle’ means an axle as defined in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.34 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535;
(11)
‘steering axle’ means, for trailers, either of the following:
(a)
an axle equipped with a system designed to create a change of steering angle on wheels when acted upon by forces or moments applied through the tyre to road contact;
(b)
an axle equipped with a system in which the steering forces to change steered wheels direction are produced by a change in direction of the towing vehicle and in which the movement of the steered trailer wheels is linked to the relative angle between the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle and that of the trailer;
(c)
an axle equipped with a system which produces the steering forces as decoupled system by an algorithm or manually;
(12)
‘drop side tarpaulin body’ means a bodywork with hinged tail and side panels and a tarpaulin body with a total body height comparable to that of curtain-sided bodywork.
The devices and equipment referred in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section F to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 shall not be taken into account for the determination of the length, width, height of the vehicle and maximum external dimensions of the body.
3. Set of input parameters
In Tables 1 and 2, the set of input parameters regarding the characteristics of the vehicle are specified.
Table 1
Input parameters ‘Vehicle/General’
Parameter name
Parameter ID
Type
Unit
Description/Reference
Manufacturer
T001
token
[-]
Manufacturer Address
T002
token
[-]
Model / Commercial name
T003
token
[-]
VIN
T004
token
[-]
Date
T005
dateTime
[-]
Date and time when input information and input data is created
Legislative category
T006
string
[-]
Allowed values: 'O3', 'O4'
Number of axles
T007
integer
[-]
Allowed values: 1, 2, 3
Trailer type
T008
string
[-]
Allowed values: 'DA', 'DB', 'DC'
Bodywork type
T009
string
[-]
Allowed values: 'dry box', 'refrigerated', 'conditioned', 'curtain-sided', 'drop-side with tarpaulin body'
Volume orientation
T010
boolean
[-]
In accordance with Point 7 of Annex I, .to this Regulation.
Corrected mass in running order
T011
integer
[kg]
In accordance with Point 1.3.(b), Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII, , to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535.
In case of vehicles with 04 bodywork without an equipment to maintain the interior temperature, a generic mass of X[kg]=(850 kg/85m 3 )×cargo volume[m 3 ] shall be added.
TPMLM trailer
T012
integer
[kg]
In accordance with Point 1.6., Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535
TPMLM axle assembly
T013
Integer
[kg]
In accordance with Point 1.13., Section A, Part 2, of Annex XIII to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535
In case of trailer type ‘DB’, no input shall be provided.
External length of the body
T014
double, 3
[m]
In accordance with Point 2(6)(a) of Annex III to this Regulation.
External width of the body
T015
double, 3
[m]
In accordance with Point 2(6)(b) of Annex III to this Regulation.
External height of the body
T016
double, 3
[m]
In accordance with Point 2(6)(c) of Annex III to this Regulation.
Total height of the trailer
T017
double, 3
[m]
In accordance with Point 2(7) of Annex III to this Regulation.
Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle
T018
double, 3
[m]
Distance between front end of the trailer to centre of first axle.
In case of 3-axle DB trailer: distance from the front end of the trailer to the centre of the last axle from the first set of axles.
Length between centres of axles
T019
double, 3
[m]
Distance between centre of first and last axle.
In case of 3-axle DB trailer: distance from the centre of the last axle of the first set of axles to the first axle of the last set of axles.
Trailer Coupling Point
T020
string
[-]
Allowed values 'high', 'low'.
In accordance with Points 2(4) and 2(5) of Annex III to this Regulation, .
Input only relevant for trailer type DC.
Cargo volume
T021
double, 3
[m 3 ]
In accordance with Point 2(8) of Annex III to this Regulation
Standard aerodynamic devices
T022
string
[-]
Allowed values: 'side cover short', 'side cover long', 'rear flap short', 'rear flap long'.
Multiple entries allowed.
Inputs to be declared in accordance with Appendix 5 to Annex V;
The input of standard aerodynamic devices shall not be combined with input for certified aerodynamic devices.
Certification number aerodynamic device
T023
token
[-]
Table 2
Input parameters ‘Vehicle/Axle configuration’ per axle
Parameter name
Parameter ID
Type
Unit
Description/Reference
Certification number tyres
T024
token
[-]
Twin tyres
T025
boolean
[-]
Steered
T026
boolean
[-]
Liftable
T027
boolean
[-]
4. Bodywork types
The vehicle manufacturer shall declare the bodywork type in the input to the simulation tool in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3
Bodywork types
Bodywork type to be declared as input
Bodywork code in accordance with Appendix 2 to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858
'dry box'
'03'
'refrigerated'
'04'
'conditioned'
'05'
'curtain-sided'
'06'
'drop-side tarpaulin body'
'32' with a tarpaulin body height as defined in Annex III, point 2(12).
Appendix 1
TEMPLATE OF AN INPUT DATA AND INPUT INFORMATION DOCUMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THEIR INFLUENCE ON CO 2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
1. Main vehicle data
1.1.
Name of the vehicle manufacturer …
1.2.
Address of the vehicle manufacturer …
1.3.
Model / Commercial name ...
1.4.
Vehicle identification number (VIN) …
1.5.
Legislative category (O 3 , O 4 ) …
1.6.
Number of axles …
1.7.
Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) …
1.8.
Bodywork code (03,04,05,06,32) ...
1.9.
Trailer coupling point – only for DC (high, low) ...
1.10.
Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.11.
Corrected mass in running order (kg)...
1.12.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)...
1.13.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)...
2. Vehicle dimensions
2.1.
External length of the body (m)...
2.2.
External width of the body (m)...
2.3.
External height of the body (m)...
2.4.
Total height of the trailer (m)...
2.5.
Cargo volume (m 3 )...
2.6.
Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle (m)...
2.7.
Length between centres of axles (m)...
2.8.
Trailer coupling point (high/low)
3. Aerodynamic device
3.1.
Certification number of the certified aerodynamic device ...
3.2.
Elements of the standard aerodynamic device (none, short side covers ...) …
4. Axle and tyre features
4.1.
Axle 1
4.1.1.
Tyre certification number ...
4.1.2.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.1.3.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.1.4.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
4.2.
Axle 2
4.2.1.
Tyre certification number ...
4.2.2.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.2.3.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.2.4.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
4.3.
Axle 3
4.3.1.
Tyre certification number ...
4.3.2.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
4.3.3.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
4.3.4.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
TEMPLATE OF THE MANUFACTURER'S RECORDS FILE AND OF THE CUSTOMER INFORMATION FILE
ANNEX IVSupplementary provisions
ANNEX IV
TEMPLATE OF THE MANUFACTURER'S RECORDS FILE AND OF THE CUSTOMER INFORMATION FILE
PART I
Manufacturer's records file
The manufacturer's records file will be produced by the simulation tool and shall contain the following information:
1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data
1.1. Main vehicle data
1.1.1.
Name and address of the manufacturer ...
1.1.2.
Model / Commercial name ...
1.1.3.
Vehicle identification number (VIN)...
1.1.4.
Legislative category (O 3 , O 4 )...
1.1.5.
Number of axles...
1.1.6.
Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) ....
1.1.7.
Bodywork type (e.g. dry box, refrigerated) ...
1.1.8.
Trailer coupling point – only for DC (high, low) ...
1.1.9.
Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.1.10.
Corrected mass in running order (kg)...
1.1.11.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)...
1.1.12.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)...
1.1.13.
Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 of Annex I ...
1.1.14.
Vehicle group in accordance with the documentation of the simulation tool…
1.2. Vehicle dimensions
1.2.1.
External length of the body (m)...
1.2.2.
External width of the body (m)...
1.2.3.
External height of the body (m)...
1.2.4.
Total height of the trailer (m)...
1.2.5.
Cargo volume (m 3 )...
1.2.6.
Length from trailer front end to centre of first axle (m)...
1.2.7.
Length between centres of axles (m)...
1.3. Aerodynamic device
1.3.1.
Certification number of the certified aerodynamic device ...
1.3.2.
Standard values for aerodynamic devices used (no, side covers short, ...)...
1.3.3.
Aerodynamic reductions
1.3.3.1.
Delta C D ×A yaw 0° (%)...
1.3.3.2.
Delta C D ×A yaw 3° (%)...
1.3.3.3.
Delta C D ×A yaw 6° (%)...
1.3.3.4.
Delta C D ×A yaw 9° (%)...
1.3.4.
Hash of the aerodynamic device input data and input information
1.4. Axle and tyre features
1.4.1.
Axle 1
1.4.1.1.
Tyre model ...
1.4.1.2.
Tyre certification number ...
1.4.1.3.
Tyre size designation ...
1.4.1.4.
Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.1.5.
Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.1.6.
Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.1.7.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.1.8.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.1.9.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.
Axle 2
1.4.2.1.
Tyre model ...
1.4.2.2.
Tyre certification number ...
1.4.2.3.
Tyre size designation ...
1.4.2.4.
Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.2.5.
Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.2.6.
Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.2.7.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.8.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.9.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.
Axle 3
1.4.3.1.
Tyre model ...
1.4.3.2.
Tyre certification number ...
1.4.3.3.
Tyre size designation ...
1.4.3.4.
Specific RRC (N/N) ...
1.4.3.5.
Fuel efficiency class (e.g. A, B ..) ...
1.4.3.6.
Hash of the tyre input data and input information ...
1.4.3.7.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.8.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.9.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
2. Mission profile and payload depending values
2.1.
Main simulation parameters
2.1.1.
Generic towing vehicle configuration...
2.1.2.
Mission profile (e.g. long haul, regional delivery)...
2.1.3.
Payload (kg) ...
2.2.
Results
2.2.1.
Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) ...
2.2.2.
C D ×A values
2.2.2.1.
C D ×A value yaw angle 0° (m 2 ) ...
2.2.2.2.
C D ×A value yaw angle 3° (m 2 ) ...
2.2.2.3.
C D ×A value yaw angle 6° (m 2 ) ...
2.2.2.4.
C D ×A value yaw angle 9° (m 2 ) ...
2.2.3.
Average speed (km/h)
2.2.4.
Fuel consumption
2.2.4.1.
Fuel consumption (g/km)...
2.2.4.2.
Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
2.2.4.3.
Fuel consumption (g/m 3 -km)...
2.2.4.4.
Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
2.2.4.5.
Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
2.2.4.6.
Fuel consumption (l/m 3 -km)…
2.2.5.
CO 2 emissions
2.2.5.1.
CO 2 emissions (g/km)...
2.2.5.2.
CO 2 emissions (g/t-km)...
2.2.5.3.
CO 2 emissions (g/m 3 -km)...
2.2.6.
Efficiency ratios
2.2.6.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based (-)...
3. Weighted results
3.1.
Payload (kg) ...
3.2.
Fuel consumption
3.2.1.
Fuel consumption (g/km)...
3.2.2.
Fuel consumption (g/t-km)…
3.2.3.
Fuel consumption (g/m 3 -km)…
3.2.4.
Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
3.2.5.
Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
3.2.6.
Fuel consumption (l/m 3 -km)…
3.3.
CO 2 emissions
3.3.1.
CO 2 emissions (g/km)…
3.3.2.
CO 2 emissions (g/t-km)…
3.3.3.
CO 2 emissions (g/m 3 -km)…
3.4.
Efficiency ratios
3.4.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)…
3.4.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)…
3.4.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based (-)…
4. Generation of vehicle input data and input information
4.1.
Date and time ...
4.2.
Cryptographic hash ...
5. Software information
5.1.
Simulation tool version (X.X.X)…
5.2.
Date and time of the simulation
PART II
Customer information file
1. Vehicle, component, separate technical unit and systems data
1.1. Main vehicle data
1.1.1.
Name and address of the manufacturer …
1.1.2.
Model / Commercial name ...
1.1.3.
Vehicle identification number (VIN)…
1.1.4.
Legislative category (O 3 , O 4 )…
1.1.5.
Number of axles…
1.1.6.
Trailer type (DA; DB, DC) …
1.1.7.
Bodywork type …
1.1.8.
Trailer coupling point (high, low) …
1.1.9.
Volume orientation (yes/no)
1.1.10.
Corrected mass in running order (kg)…
1.1.11.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of trailer (kg)…
1.1.12.
Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass of axle assembly (kg)…
1.1.13.
Vehicle group in accordance with Table 1 of Annex I ...
1.1.14.
Vehicle group in accordance with the documentation of the simulation tool…
1.2. Vehicle dimensions
1.2.1.
External length of the body (m)…
1.2.2.
External width of the body (m)…
1.2.3.
External height of the body (m)…
1.2.4.
Total height of the trailer (m)…
1.2.5.
Cargo volume (m 3 )…
1.3. Aerodynamic device
1.3.1.
Elements of a standard aerodynamic device (e.g. none, short side covers, …) …
1.3.2.
Certification number of a certified aerodynamic device …
1.3.3.
Aerodynamic reductions
1.3.3.1.
Delta C D ×A yaw 0° (%)…
1.3.3.2.
Delta C D ×A yaw 3° (%)…
1.3.3.3.
Delta C D ×A yaw 6° (%)…
1.3.3.4.
Delta C D ×A yaw 9° (%)…
1.4. Axle and tyre features
1.4.1.
Axle 1
1.4.1.1.
Tyre certification number …
1.4.1.2.
Tyre dimension …
1.4.1.3.
Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740 …
1.4.1.4.
Twin tyre (yes/no) …
1.4.1.5.
Axle steered (yes/no) …
1.4.1.6.
Axle liftable (yes/no) …
1.4.2.
Axle 2
1.4.2.1.
Tyre certification number ...
1.4.2.2.
Tyre dimension ...
1.4.2.3.
Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740 ...
1.4.2.4.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.5.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.2.6.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.
Axle 3
1.4.3.1.
Tyre certification number ...
1.4.3.2.
Tyre dimension ...
1.4.3.3.
Fuel efficiency class in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740...
1.4.3.4.
Twin tyre (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.5.
Axle steered (yes/no) ...
1.4.3.6.
Axle liftable (yes/no) ...
2. Mission profile and payload depending values
2.1.
Main simulation parameters
2.1.1.
Generic towing vehicle configuration...
2.1.2.
Mission profile (e.g. long haul, regional delivery)...
2.1.3.
Payload (kg) ...
2.2. Results
2.2.1.
Total vehicle mass in simulation (kg) ...
2.2.2.
Average speed (km/h)
2.2.3.
Fuel consumption
2.2.3.1.
Fuel consumption (g/km)...
2.2.3.2.
Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
2.2.3.3.
Fuel consumption (g/m 3 -km)...
2.2.3.4.
Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
2.2.3.5.
Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
2.2.3.6.
Fuel consumption (l/m 3 -km)…
2.2.4.
CO 2 emissions
2.2.4.1.
CO 2 emissions (g/km)...
2.2.4.2.
CO 2 emissions (g/t-km)...
2.2.4.3.
CO 2 emissions (g/m 3 -km)...
2.2.5.
Efficiency ratios
2.2.5.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
2.2.5.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
2.2.5.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based (-)...
2.2.6.
Reference ratio
2.2.6.1.
Reference ratio – kilometre based (-)…
3. Weighted results
3.1.
Payload (kg) ...
3.2.
Fuel consumption
3.2.1.
Fuel consumption (g/km)...
3.2.2.
Fuel consumption (g/t-km)...
3.2.3.
Fuel consumption (g/m 3 -km)...
3.2.3.1.
Fuel consumption (l/100km)…
3.2.3.2.
Fuel consumption (l/t-km)…
3.2.3.3.
Fuel consumption (l/m 3 -km)…
3.3.
CO 2 emissions
3.3.1.
CO 2 emissions (g/km)...
3.3.2.
CO 2 emissions (g/t-km)...
3.3.3.
CO 2 emissions (g/m 3 -km)...
3.4.
Efficiency ratios
3.4.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based (-)...
3.4.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based (-)...
3.4.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based (-)...
4. Software information
4.1.
Simulation tool version (X.X.X)...
4.2.
Date and time of the simulation
4.3.
Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file ...
4.4.
Cryptographic hash of the customer information file …
VEHICLE’S AIR DRAG DATA
ANNEX VSupplementary provisions
ANNEX V
VEHICLE’S AIR DRAG DATA
Determination of aerodynamic device data
1. INTRODUCTION
This Annex sets out the procedure for the determination of the aerodynamic device data.
2. DEFINITIONS
(1)
Standard aerodynamic devices are aerodynamic devices for which standard values can be used in the vehicle certification. The standard aerodynamic device may consist of the following elements:
(a)
‘rear flaps’ means an aerodynamic device composed by two or more rear fairing panels located at the rear end of the vehicle with the aim to reduce its wake;
(b)
‘short rear flaps’ means rear flaps which lateral panels measure at least 2 meters and do not cover the total height of the body;
(c)
‘tall rear flaps’ means rear flaps which lateral panels cover the entire height of the body with a tolerance of ±3% of the total height of the body;
(d)
‘side covers’ means an aerodynamic device composed by panels located at the lower side of the vehicle with the aim to reduce the impact of crosswind and/or the turbulences created by the wheels on the air drag;
(e)
‘short side covers’ means side covers that do not cover the area of the wheels; in case of semi-trailers, they cover only the distance between the landing gear and the beginning of the first wheel;
(f)
‘long side covers’ means side covers that cover a distance between the landing gear of a semi-trailer and the rear end of the vehicle;
(2)
‘CFD’ means computational fluid dynamic simulation used for analysing complex fluid phenomena;
3. DETERMINATION OF AIR DRAG REDUCTION BY MEANS OF VIRTUAL TESTS USING CFD
3.1. Validation of the CFD method
Based on the validation process as specified in Annex VIII, Appendix 3 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, the certification of an aerodynamic device by means of CFD shall require the CFD method to be validated against a reference CFD method as shown in Figure 1.
The CFD method to be validated shall be applied to a set of generic geometries.
Figure 1
Validation process of the CFD method
Comparability of the computer simulation results shall be proven. The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device or the technical service shall draft a validation report and submit it to the approval authority.
Any change to the CFD method or to the software that is likely to invalidate the validation report shall be brought to the attention of the approval authority, which may require that a new validation process is conducted.
Once validated, the method shall be used for certifying the aerodynamic device.
3.2. Requirements for the validation of the CFD method
The validation process shall consist of simulating three different CFD simulation sets as follows:
(a)
BASE set:
—
Generic 4x2 tractor
—
Generic ST1 semi-trailer.
(b)
TRF set:
—
Generic 4x2 tractor
—
Generic ST1 semi-trailer
—
Generic tall rear flaps
(c)
LSC set:
—
Generic 4x2 tractor
—
Generic ST1 semi-trailer
—
Generic long side covers
Each set shall be simulated at β=0,0, 3,0 and 6,0 degrees of yaw to account for crosswind effects coming from the left hand side of the vehicle, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
β yaw angle
The heat exchangers pressure drop shall be modelled as per equation [1]:
[1]
where the coefficients for each heat exchanger shall be as listed in Table 1.
Table 1
Porous media resistance coefficients
Coefficient
Condenser
Charge Air Cooler
Radiator
Inertial Resistance (P i ) [kg/m 4 ]
140,00
60,00
120,00
Viscous Resistance (P v )
[kg/m 3 s]
450,00
300,00
450,00
The CFD shall comply with the requirements listed in Table 2. The compliance for the minimum CFD requirements shall be demonstrated to the approval authority.
Table 2
Minimum CFD requirements
Field
Value
Comments
Vehicle velocity
25,00 m/s
To be used as the drag coefficient reference velocity.
Vehicle frontal area
10,047 m 2
To be used as the drag coefficient reference area.
Tractor Front Wheel
Rotation axis-to-Ground Vertical Distance
527,00 mm
Semi-trailer Rear Wheel
Rotation axis-to-Ground Vertical Distance
514,64 mm
Simulation Domain dimensions. Length
Length ≥ 145,00 m
Simulation Domain dimensions. Width
Width ≥ 75,00 m
Simulation Domain dimensions. Height
Height ≥ 25,00 m
Vehicle Position
Air Inlet to Vehicle Front End Distance
≥ 25,00 m
Vehicle Position
Air Outlet to Vehicle Rear End Distance
≥ 100,00 m
Domain Discretization. Cell Count
≥ 60 million cells
Mesh refinement applied to properly capture aero-relevant areas
The CFD method shall fulfil an accuracy for Δ(C D ×A) during the validation for each of the six comparisons with respect to the reference ranges as shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Reference ranges for the validation process
Simulation set
Yaw Angle – β [deg]
0,0°
3,0°
6,0°
TRF
-8,6 % < C D < -1,6 %
-9,0 % < C D < -2,0 %
-10,3 % < C D < -3,3 %
LSC
-8,8 % < C D < -1,8 %
-8,0 % < C D < -1,0 %
-8,1 % < C D < -1,1 %
The validation report shall reflect the C D ×A [m 2 ] value for all nine CFD simulations as shown in Table 4.
The validation report shall contain all of the following:
—
C D ×A [m 2 ] results:
Table 4
(C D ×A) [m 2 ] results
Simulation set
Yaw Angle – β [deg]
0,0°
3,0°
6,0°
BASE
TRF
LSC
—
in the case of steady-state methods:
—
raw data of the evolution of C D (or C D ×A) vs iteration, in *.csv format.
—
the average of the last 400 iterations.
—
in the case of transient methods:
—
raw data of the evolution of C D (or C D ×A) vs time, in *.csv format.
—
the average of the last 5,0 seconds.
—
A XY plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain:
—
passing through the tractor front axle wheel rotation point,
—
showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
XY plane view passing through the front axle wheel rotation point
—
A XY plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain:
—
passing through the tractor side mirrors,
—
showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
XY plane view passing through the tractor side mirrors
—
A YZ plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain:
—
passing through the tractor front axle wheel rotation point,
—
showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
YZ plane view passing through the front axle wheel rotation point
—
A XZ plane section intersecting the entire simulation domain:
—
passing through the centre of the vehicle,
—
showing the airflow velocity magnitude in a scale going from 0 to 30 m/s and with a colour bar divided in, at least, 18 colour levels as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6
XZ plane view passing through the centre of the vehicle
The XY, YZ and XZ planes use a coordinate system fixed to the vehicle as shown in Figure 7, where,
—
the X-axis is oriented along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle,
—
the Y-axis is oriented along the width of the vehicle,
—
the Z-axis is oriented along the height of the vehicle.
Figure 7
Position of the coordinate system in relation to the vehicle
3.3. Certification of an aerodynamic device
The manufacturer of the aerodynamic device shall use generic vehicle geometries to demonstrate the performance of the aerodynamic device mounted on a trailer or semi-trailer. For that purpose, the 3D model of the aerodynamic device shall be added to the generic vehicle geometries in the same position as if it were mounted on a real vehicle.
Upon agreement of an approval authority, the manufacturer of the aerodynamic device may make changes to the generic geometries if that is necessary for the correct installation or proper operation of the aerodynamic device and if that change adequately reflects reality.
The validated CFD method shall be applied to the modified geometries and Δ(C D ×A) values for 4 yaw angles shall be computed: β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
3.4. Declaration of air drag reduction values
The technical report shall reflect the aerodynamic benefit Δ(C D ×A)[%] for all 4 yaw angles as shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Δ(C D ×A)[%] per yaw angle of the modified (semi-)trailer
Δ(C D ×A)(β) [%]
Yaw Angle – β [deg]
0,0°
3,0°
6,0°
9,0°
Modified (semi-)trailer
computed in accordance with the following formula [2]:
[2]
Where,
is the aerodynamic resistance (in m 2 ) of the modified geometry computed by the validated CFD method for β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
is the aerodynamic resistance (in m 2 ) of the BASE set computed by the validated CFD method for β = 0,0, 3,0, 6,0 and 9,0 degree.
Amendments to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683
ANNEX VISupplementary provisions
ANNEX VI
Amendments to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683
(1)
Annex I is amended as follows:
(a)
the following explanatory notes are added:
‘( 175 )
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 ( 2 )
( 176 )
As defined in Point (6) of Annex I, to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
( 177 )
Drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part I of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
( 178 )
Drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
( 179 )
As indicated in point 3.1. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362
( 180 )
As indicated in point 3.4. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362
( 181 )
As indicated in point 1.2.5. of the customer information file drawn up in accordance with the model set out in Part II of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation 2022/1362
( 182 )
In accordance with the tables set out in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
( 2 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 of 1 August 2022 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the performance of heavy-duty trailers with regard to their influence on the CO 2 emissions, fuel consumption, energy consumption and zero emission driving range of motor vehicles and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 ( OJ L 205, 5.8.2022, p. 145 ).’;"
(b)
the following points 3.5.11., 3.5.11.1. and 3.5.11.2. are inserted:
‘3.5.11.
Environmental performance assessment (of heavy-duty trailers, as specified in Article 3 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 ( 176 )
3.5.11.1.
Simulation tool license number: …
3.5.11.2.
Volume oriented heavy goods vehicle: yes/no ( 4 ) ( 176 )’;
(2)
in Annex II, in Part I, B (Category O), the following points 3.5.11., 3.5.11.1. and 3.5.11.2 are inserted:
‘3.5.11.
Environmental performance assessment (of heavy-duty trailers, as specified in Article 3 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362
3.5.11.1
Simulation tool licence number: …
3.5.11.2.
Volume oriented heavy goods vehicle: yes/no ( 4 ) ( 176 )’;
(3)
in Annex III, Appendix 1, Categories O 3 /O 4 , the following is inserted after point 45.1.:
‘
Environmental performance
49.1.
Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer’s records file: … ( 177 )
49.4.
Cryptographic hash of the customer information file: … ( 178 )
49.6.
Weighted payload value … t ( 179 )
49.7.
Vehicle group …( 182 )
49.9.
Cargo volume …m 3 ( 181 )
49.10.
Volume orientation: yes/no ( 4 ) ( 176 )
49.11.
Efficiency ratios: … ( 180 )
49.11.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based:…
49.11.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based:…
49.11.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based:…’;
(4)
in Annex VIII, Appendix, PART I, PART 2 VEHICLE CATEGORIES O 3 and O 4 (complete and completed vehicles) the following points are inserted after point 45.1.:
‘
Environmental performance
49.1.
Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer’s records file: … ( 177 )
49.4.
Cryptographic hash of the customer information file: … ( 178 )
49.6.
Weighted payload value … t ( 179 )
49.7.
Vehicle group …( 182 )
49.9.
Cargo volume …m 3 ( 181 )
49.10.
Volume orientation: yes/no ( 4 ) ( 176 )
49.11.
Efficiency ratios: … ( 180 )
49.11.1.
Efficiency ratio – kilometre based:…
49.11.2.
Efficiency ratio – ton-kilometre based:…
49.11.3.
Efficiency ratio – m 3 -kilometre based:…’
( 2 ) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 of 1 August 2022 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the performance of heavy-duty trailers with regard to their influence on the CO 2 emissions, fuel consumption, energy consumption and zero emission driving range of motor vehicles and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 ( OJ L 205, 5.8.2022, p. 145 ).’;’
Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the EU), © European Union, reuse permitted under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU.
