Article 18
Dispute settlement 1. The Committee shall establish a panel upon request pursuant to Article 17 (3) (3). A panel so established shall review the facts of the matter and, in the light of such facts, shall present to the Committee its findings (1)"Constructed value" means cost of production plus a reasonable amount for administration, selling and any other costs and for profits. (2)In this connection, the Committee may draw signatories' attention to those cases in which, in its view, there is no reasonable basis supporting the allegations made. (3)This does not preclude, however, the more rapid establishment of a panel when the Committee so decides, taking into account the urgency of the situation. concerning the rights and obligations of the signatories party to the dispute under the relevant provisions of the General Agreement as interpreted and applied by this Agreement. 2. A panel should be established within 30 days of a request therefor (1) and a panel so established should deliver its findings to the Committee within 60 days after its establishment. 3. When a panel is to be established, the chairman of the Committee, after securing the agreement of the signatories concerned, should propose the composition of the panel. Panels shall be composed of three or five members, preferably governmental, and the composition of panels should not give rise to delays in their establishment. It is understood that citizens of countries whose governments (2) are parties to the dispute would not be members of the panel concerned with that dispute. 4. In order to facilitate the constitution of panels, the chairman of the Committee should maintain an informal indicative list of governmental and non-governmental persons qualified in the field of trade relations, economic development and other matters covered by the General Agreement and this Agreement, who could be available for serving on panels. For this purpose, each signatory would be invited to indicate at the beginning of every year to the chairman of the Committee the name of one or two persons who would be available for such work. 5. Panel members would serve in their individual capacities and not as government representatives or as representatives of any organization. Governments would therefore not give them instructions with regard to matters before a panel. Panel members should be selected with a view to ensuring the independence of the members, a sufficiently diverse background and a wide spectrum of experience. 6. To encourage development of mutually satisfactory solutions between the parties to a dispute and with a view to obtaining their comments, each panel should first submit the descriptive part of its report to the parties concerned, and should subsequently submit to the parties to the dispute its conclusions, or an outline thereof, a reasonable period of time before they are circulated to the Committee. 7. If a mutually satisfactory solution is developed by the parties to a dispute before a panel, any signatory with an interest in the matter has a right to enquire about and be given appropriate information about that solution and a notice outlining the solution that has been reached shall be presented by the panel to the Committee. 8. In cases where the parties to a dispute have failed to come to a satisfactory solution, the panels shall submit a written report to the Committee which should set forth the findings of the panel as to the questions of fact and the application of the relevant provisions of the General Agreement as interpreted and applied by this Agreement and the reasons and bases therefor. 9. The Committee shall consider the panel report as soon as possible and, taking into account the findings contained therein, may make recommendations to the parties with a view to resolving the dispute. If the Committee's recommendations are not followed within a reasonable period, the Committee may authorize appropriate countermeasures (including withdrawal of GATT concessions or obligations) taking into account the nature and degree of the adverse effect found to exist. Committee recommendations should be presented to the parties within 30 days of the receipt of the panel report. PART VII