Article 4
1. Contractors participating in the same project shall, on a royalty-free basis, make available and grant licences and user rights to each other, in respect of knowledge, to the extent necessary for the proper implementation of the work carried out under their respective shared-cost contracts. 2. Subject to Article 16, the knowledge generated by any contractor shall be made available to other contractors participating in the same programme and necessary user rights and licences shall be granted on transfer conditions, to the extent required for the execution of such other contractor's own research and technological development work under their shared-cost contracts, provided that suitable arrangements required by the contractor are concluded to ensure that the knowledge will not be used for any other purpose than that for which it was supplied. The same conditions shall apply to contractors who are taking part in other programmes in associated fields or with related objectives and who are established in the Community and engaged in research and technological development activities there, provided that their shared-cost contracts place the contractors under an obligation to grant equivalent access to their own knowledge. 3. Any person established in the Community engaged in research and technological development activities there shall be entitled to request, on preferential conditions, any licences or user rights concerning the knowledge which are necessary for the conduct of his or her research and technological development activities in fields identical or related to that covered by the shared-cost contract through which the knowledge is obtained. There shall be no refusal to grant such licences and user rights other than for reasons stipulated in the shared-cost contracts, namely the major business interests of the contractors or the interests of the Community. The granting of such licences and user rights may, however, be refused if the owner of the knowledge or any of his licensees has taken or is taking adequate steps to exploit or commercialize the knowledge in the Community. 4. The Community shall, at its request and for research and technological development work in pursuance of Community policies conducted by its Joint Research Centre for direct action activities in accordance with Community framework programmes (namely its institutional non-competitive work) and conducted by joint undertakings or any other structure set up on the basis of Article 130n of the Treaty, be granted a royalty-free non-exclusive licence for the use of the knowledge for research purposes, but shall keep such knowledge confidential and not be entitled to grant sub-licences.