Penalties
Article 13
1. Member States shall lay down the provisions on penalties applicable for infringement by manufacturers of the provisions of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by 2 January 2009 and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them. 2. The types of infringements which are subject to a penalty shall include: (a) making false declarations during the approval procedures or procedures leading to a recall; (b) falsifying test results for type approval or in-service conformity; (c) withholding data or technical specifications which could lead to recall or withdrawal of type approval; (d) use of defeat devices; and (e) refusal to provide access to information.