Article 4e
1. The sale, supply or transfer to Iran of graphite, and raw or semi-finished metals, such as aluminium and steel, which are relevant to industries controlled directly or indirectly by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps or which are relevant to Iran's nuclear, military and ballistic missile programme, by nationals of Member States, or from the territories of Member States, or using vessels or aircraft under the jurisdiction of Member States, shall be prohibited whether or not originating in their territories. The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this provision. 2. It shall also be prohibited to: (a) provide Iran with technical assistance or training and other services related to items referred to in paragraph 1; (b) provide Iran with financing or financial assistance for any sale, supply or transfer of items referred to in paragraph 1 or for the provision of related technical assistance and training. 3. It shall be prohibited to participate, knowingly or intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions set out in paragraphs 1 and 2.