ANNEX IISupplementary provisions
ANNEX II Requirements applying to powertrain tampering prevention measures (anti-tampering) 1. Purpose and scope 1.1. The powertrain tampering prevention (anti-tampering) measures are aimed at ensuring that adverse changes to the vehicle's powertrain which have negative impacts on functional safety and/or on the environment are discouraged. 1.2. The measures shall include special requirements on vehicle markings as regards maximum power, maximum design vehicle speed and stationary sound level on the statutory plate referred to in Article 39(1) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The special marking of original and non-original components, separate technical units, parts and equipment affecting environmental and propulsion unit performance and functional safety shall comply with Article 39(2) and (3) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 in order to allow enforcement authorities to verify whether parts and equipment fitted to a vehicle in use are appropriate for the type-approved vehicle. 1.3. Scope All L-category vehicles referred to in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, with the exception of (sub)categories L3e-A3, L4e-A3 and L5e. 2. General requirements 2.1. The manufacturer shall ensure that the approval authority and technical service is provided with the necessary information and, where appropriate, the necessary vehicles, propulsions, components and separate technical units to enable them to verify that the requirements of this Annex have been met. 2.2. The manufacturer shall declare in the application for the type-approval its commitment not to market interchangeable components which could enable an increase in propulsion unit performance applicable to the relevant (sub)category. 2.3. Interchangeability of non-identical parts between type-approved vehicles: 2.3.1. The interchangeability of the following parts in an individual or combined way, shall not result in an increase of the propulsion unit performance exceeding the values measured and reported at type-approval meaning that in any case the maximum design vehicle speed and/or the maximum continuous rated and/or net engine power of the relevant category shall remain within the conformity of production boundaries set out in point 4.1.4 of Annex IV: 2.3.1.1. for vehicles equipped with a two-stroke engine: cylinder/piston combination, carburettor or fuel injector(s), intake pipe, exhaust system; 2.3.1.2. for vehicles equipped with a four-stroke engine: cylinder head, camshaft, cylinder/piston combination, carburettor or fuel injector(s), intake pipe, exhaust system. 2.4. In no case may the approved maximum design vehicle speed and/or the maximum continuous rated and/or net engine power of the relevant (sub)category, set out in Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 may, be exceeded meaning that in any case the vehicle’s propulsion unit performance shall remain within the conformity of production boundaries set out in point 4.1.4 of Annex IV. 2.5. In the case of chains or cogged belts, the number of teeth shall be displayed on the pinions. 2.6. The manufacturer shall declare that manufacturer-facilitated modifications of the following characteristics will not increase the propulsion unit performance exceeding the conformity of production boundaries set out in point 4.1.4 of Annex IV: spark delivery of the ignition system if applicable, fuel feed and delivery system, air intake system including air filter(s) (modification or removal), propulsion battery configuration or electric power to the electric motor(s) if applicable, the drive train and the control unit(s) that control the powertrain of the vehicle. 2.7. If the ignition timing is adjustable, the propulsion unit performance shall be measured with the ignition advance set within ± 5° of the value at which maximum engine power is achieved. 2.8. The manufacturer shall ensure that the approved vehicle complies with the following provisions on electronic system security limiting the vehicle’s environmental and propulsion unit performance. 2.8.1. For a vehicle equipped with (an) electrical/electronic device(s) which limit its propulsion unit performance, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide data and evidence to the test authorities to demonstrate that modification or disconnection of the device or its wiring system will not increase performance. 2.8.2. Any vehicle equipped with electronic control shall include features to prevent modification, except as permitted by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall permit modifications necessary for the diagnosis, servicing, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle. 2.8.3. Any reprogrammable computer codes or operating parameter shall be resistant to tampering and afford a level of protection at least as high as the provisions in ISO 15031-7:2001, provided that the security exchange is conducted using the communication protocols and standardised diagnostic connector prescribed in Appendix 1 to Annex XII. 2.8.4. To avoid increases in propulsion unit performance, computer-coded propulsion operating parameters shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures, e.g. soldered or potted computer components, sealed or soldered computer enclosures. 2.8.5. Any removable calibration memory chips shall be potted, encased in a sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms, and shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures. 2.8.6. Manufacturers using programmable computer code systems (e.g. electrical erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM) shall deter unauthorised reprogramming. They shall include enhanced tamper-protection strategies and write-protect features requiring electronic access to an off-site computer maintained by the manufacturer and to which independent operators shall also have access using the protection afforded in Annex XV. Methods giving an adequate level of tamper protection, such as seed and key security access as per Keyword 2000 protocol, shall be approved by the approval authority. 2.8.7. Stored on-board diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) in the powertrain or engine control unit(s) shall not be erased by disconnection of the on board computer from the vehicle power supply or by disconnection or failure of the vehicle battery or ground. 3. Additional specific requirements for (sub)category L1e, L2e and L6e vehicles 3.1. The acceptable tolerance for maximum vehicle speed and/or power limitation of category L1e, L2e and L6e vehicles shall be ± 5 % of the maximum design vehicle speed and/or net and/or continuous rated power classification criteria referred to in Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. 3.2. Requirements for category L1e, L2e and L6e vehicles equipped with a combustion engine 3.2.1. Intake system 3.2.1.1. Each intake pipe shall be fixed with shear-bolts or bolts removable only using special tools. A restricted section, indicated on the outside, shall be located inside the pipes; at that point the wall shall be less than 4 mm in thickness, or 5 mm if composed of a flexible material such as rubber. 3.2.1.2. Any interference with the pipes aimed at modifying the restricted section shall lead to either the destruction of the pipes or complete and permanent malfunctioning of the engine until they are restored to their approved condition. 3.2.1.3. A marking with indication of the vehicle category or categories shall be legible on the pipes. 3.2.2. Engine 3.2.2.1. If an engine is equipped with (a) reed valve(s), it (they) shall be fixed with shear-bolts which prevent reuse of its support or bolts removable only using special tools. 3.2.2.2. After mounting, the maximum thickness of a cylinder-head gasket, if any, shall not exceed 1,3 mm. 3.2.2.3. Piston for two-stroke engines. The piston, when in position at top dead centre, shall not cover the inlet port. This requirement does not apply to those parts of the transfer/scavenging port which coincide with the inlet port in the case of vehicles the engine of which is equipped with an induction system incorporating reed valve(s). 3.2.2.4. For two-stroke engines, rotation of the piston through 180° shall not increase engine performance. 3.2.3. Exhaust system 3.2.3.1. No artificial restriction is permitted in the exhaust system. The valve guides of a four-stroke engine are not to be considered artificial restrictions. 3.2.3.2. Removing the resonator tube, if installed, shall not result in an increase in propulsion unit performance. 3.2.3.3. The part(s) of the exhaust system inside the silencer(s) which determine(s) the effective length of the exhaust pipe shall be affixed to the silencer(s) or expansion box(es) in such a way that it (they) cannot be removed. 3.5. Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) 3.5.1. CVT Transmission covers, if available, shall be fixed by means of at a minimum 2 shear bolts or be disassembled only by using special tools. 3.5.2. The CVT mechanism intended to limit the drive ratio by limitation of the effective distance between two discs shall be fully integrated in one or both discs in such a way that it is impossible to modify the effective distance beyond a limit that would result in an increase of the maximum vehicle speed of more than 10 % of this maximum permissible vehicle speed without destroying the disc system. If the manufacturer employs interchangeable spacer rings in the CVT to adjust the maximum vehicle speed, the complete removal of these rings shall not increase the maximum vehicle speed with more than 10 %. 4. Additional specific requirements for (sub)categories L3e-A1 and L4e-A1 4.1. Subcategory L3e-A1 and L4e-A1 vehicles shall comply with the requirements of either point 3.2.1, 3.2.2.1 or 3.2.3.1 and comply with the requirements set out in points 3.2.3.2 and 3.2.3.3. 4.2. Intake system An irremovable sleeve shall be located in the inlet conduit. 4.2.1. If such a sleeve is located in the intake pipe, the latter shall be fixed to the engine block by means of shear-bolts or bolts removable only using special tools. 4.2.2. The sleeve shall have a minimum hardness of 60 HRC. In the restricted section it shall not exceed 4 mm in thickness. 4.2.3. Any interference with the sleeve aimed at removing or modifying it shall lead to either the destruction of the sleeve and its support or complete and permanent malfunctioning of the engine until it is restored to its approved condition. 4.2.4. A marking with indication of the vehicle category or categories shall be legible on the surface of the sleeve or not far from it. 4.2.5. Each intake pipe shall be fixed with shear-bolts or bolts removable only using special tools. A restricted section, indicated on the outside, shall be located inside the pipes; at that point the wall shall be less than 4 mm in thickness, or 5 mm if composed of a flexible material such as rubber. 4.2.6. Any interference with the pipes aimed at modifying the restricted section shall lead to either the destruction of the pipes or complete and permanent malfunctioning of the engine until they are restored to their approved condition. 4.2.7. A marking with indication of the vehicle (sub)category as defined in Articles 2 and 4 of, and Annex I to, Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall be legible on the pipes. 4.2.8. The part of the inlet conduit located in the cylinder head shall have a restricted section. In the whole inlet passage, there shall not be a more restricted section (except the valve-seat section). 4.2.9. Any interference with the conduit aimed at modifying the restricted section shall lead to either the destruction of the pipe or complete and permanent malfunctioning of the engine until it is restored to its approved condition. 4.2.10. A marking with indication of the vehicle category as referred to in Article 39 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall be legible on the cylinder head. 4.2.11. The diameter of the restricted sections referred to in point 4.2 may vary according to the (sub)category vehicle concerned. 4.2.12. The manufacturer shall supply the diameter(s) of the restricted section(s) and demonstrate to the approval authority and technical service that this restricted section is the most critical for the passage of gases, and that there is no other section which, if modified, could increase propulsion unit performance. 5. Additional specific requirements for other (sub)categories of vehicle within the scope of point 1.3. 5.1. For vehicles of subcategory L3e-A2 or L4e-A2 vehicle any variant or version among the same type shall not have a maximum net engine power and/or maximum continuous rated power that exceed the double of that power. 5.2. The manufacturer shall declare that modifications and interchangeability of the characteristics and components listed below shall not lead to: — for vehicles of subcategory L3e-A2 and L4e-A2, exceeding the double of the net engine power or maximum continuous rated power, or — for vehicles of category L7e, exceeding the approved propulsion unit performance; 5.2.1. spark delivery of the ignition system, if applicable; 5.2.3. fuel feed and delivery system; 5.2.4. air intake system including air filter(s) (modification or removal); 5.2.5. the drive train; 5.2.6. the control unit(s) that control(s) the propulsion unit performance of the powertrain; 5.2.7. removal of any component (mechanical, electrical, structural, etc.) which limits full engine load leading to any change in the propulsion unit performance approved in accordance with Annex II(A) to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.