ANNEX IISupplementary provisions
ANNEX II Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 is amended as follows: (1) in point 4.1. the following is inserted between the second and third paragraph: ‘In case the legally permissible maximum vehicle weight is lower than the technically permissible laden mass of the vehicle, it is permitted to use the legally permissible maximum vehicle weight to determine the vehicle payload for the test run.’; (2) point 4.6.2. is replaced by the following: ‘4.6.2. Emissions and other data sampling shall start prior to starting the engine. Cold start emissions shall be included in the emissions evaluation, in accordance with point 2.6.1. of Appendix 1.’; (3) point 6.3., including Table 2, is replaced by the following: ‘6.3. The final conformity factor for the test (CF final ) for each pollutant calculated in accordance with Appendix 1 shall not exceed the maximum allowed conformity factor for that pollutant set out in Table 2. Table 2 Maximum allowed conformity factors for in-service conformity emission testing Pollutant Maximum allowed conformity factor CO 1,50 THC ( 1 ) 1,50 NMHC ( 2 ) 1,50 CH 4 ( 2 ) 1,50 NO x 1,50 PM number 1,63 ( 3 ) (4) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.8.5.: ‘10.1.8.5a PM number concentration [#/cm 3 ]’; (5) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.9.5.: ‘10.1.9.5a PM number flux [#/s]’; (6) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.9.10.: ‘10.1.9.10a PM number [#]’; (7) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.9.19.: ‘10.1.9.19a Work window PM number conformity factor [-]’; (8) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.9.24.: ‘10.1.9.24a CO 2 mass window PM number conformity factor [-]’; (9) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.10.12.: ‘10.1.10.12a. PM number [#].’; (10) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.11.5.: ‘10.1.11.5a. Work window PM number conformity factor [-].’; (11) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.11.9.: ‘10.1.11.9a CO 2 mass window PM number conformity factor [-].’; (12) the following point is inserted after point 10.1.12.4.: ‘10.1.12.4a PM number analyser zero, pre and post test.’; (13) Appendix 1 is amended as follows: (a) in point 1, the first paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘This Appendix describes the procedure to determine pollutant emissions from on-vehicle on-road measurements using Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (hereinafter “PEMS”). The pollutant emissions to be measured from the exhaust of the engine include the following components: carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and PM number for compression ignition engines and carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxides and PM number for positive ignition engines. Additionally, carbon dioxide shall be measured to enable the calculation procedures described in Section 4.’; (b) point 2.1.1. is replaced by the following: ‘2.1.1. Gas analysers and PM number analysers to measure the concentrations of regulated pollutants in the exhaust gas.’; (c) in point 2.2., Table 1 is replaced by the following: ‘Table 1 Test parameters Parameter Unit Source THC concentration ( 4 ) ppm Gas analyser CO concentration ( 4 ) ppm Gas analyser NO x concentration ( 4 ) ppm Gas analyser CO 2 concentration ( 4 ) ppm Gas analyser CH 4 concentration ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ppm Gas analyser PM number concentration #/cm 3 PM number analyser Dilution setting (if applicable) - PM number analyser Exhaust gas flow kg/h Exhaust Flow Meter (hereinafter “EFM”) Exhaust temperature K EFM Ambient temperature ( 6 ) K Sensor Ambient pressure kPa Sensor Engine torque ( 6 ) Nm ECU or Sensor Engine speed rpm ECU or Sensor Engine fuel flow g/s ECU or Sensor Engine coolant temperature K ECU or Sensor Engine intake air temperature ( 5 ) K Sensor Vehicle ground speed km/h ECU and GPS Vehicle latitude degree GPS Vehicle longitude degree GPS (d) in Section 2.4, the following points are added: ‘2.4.6. Installation of PM number analyser The installation and operation of the PEMS shall be leak-tight and minimise heat loss. To avoid the generation of particles, connectors shall be thermally stable at the exhaust gas temperatures expected during the test. Where elastomer connectors are used to connect the vehicle exhaust outlet and the connecting tube, those connectors shall have no contact with the exhaust gas to avoid artefacts at high engine load. 2.4.7. Sampling of PM number emissions Emissions sampling shall be representative and conducted at locations of well-mixed exhaust gas where the influence of ambient air downstream of the sampling point is minimal. Where applicable, emissions shall be sampled downstream of the exhaust mass flow meter, respecting a distance of at least 150 mm to the flow sensing element. The sampling probe shall be fitted at least 3 times the inner diameter of the exhaust pipe upstream of the point at which the exhaust exits into the environment. The exhaust shall be sampled from the centre of the exhaust stream. Where several probes are used for emissions sampling, the particle sampling probe shall be placed upstream of the other sampling probes. The particle sampling probe shall not interfere with the sampling of gaseous pollutants. The type and specifications of the probe and its mounting shall be documented in detail, either in the test report of the Technical Service (in the case of testing at type approval) or in the vehicle manufacturer’s own documentation (in case of in-service conformity testing). Where particles are sampled and not diluted at the tailpipe, the sampling line from the raw exhaust sample point to the point of dilution or particle detector shall be heated to a minimum of 373 K (100 °C). All parts of the sampling system, from the exhaust pipe to the particle detector, which are in contact with raw or diluted exhaust gas, shall be designed to minimise the deposition of particles. All parts shall be made from anti-static material to prevent electrostatic effects.’; (e) in Section 2.5, the following point is added: ‘2.5.5. Checking the PM number analyser The PEMS shall function free of errors and critical warnings. The zero level of the PM number analyser shall be recorded by sampling high efficiency particulate filtered ambient air (HEPA) at the inlet of the sampling line in the 12 hour-period before test start. The signal shall be recorded at a constant frequency of at least 1,0 Hz averaged over a period of 2 minutes. The final absolute concentration shall be within the manufacturer’s specifications and, in addition, shall not exceed 5 000 particles per cubic centimetre.’; (f) point 2.6.1. is replaced by the following: ‘2.6.1. Test start For the purposes of the test procedure, “test start” shall mean the first ignition of the internal combustion engine. Emissions sampling, measurement of the exhaust parameters and recording of the engine and ambient data shall commence prior to the test start. Artificial warming up of the emission control systems of the vehicle prior to the test start shall be prohibited. At test start, the temperature of the coolant shall not exceed the ambient temperature by more than 5 °C, and shall not exceed 303 K (30 °C). The data evaluation shall start once the coolant temperature has reached 303 K (30 °C) for the first time or once the coolant temperature is stabilised within +/– 2 K over a period of 5 minutes, whichever occurs first, but in any event no later than 10 minutes after test start.’; (g) point 2.6.3 is replaced by the following: ‘2.6.3 Test end Test end is reached when the vehicle has completed the trip and the internal combustion engine is switched off. The internal combustion engine shall be switched off as soon as practicable at the end of the trip. Data shall continue to be recorded until the response time of the sampling systems has elapsed.’; (h) in Section 2.7., point 2.7.4. paragraph (a) is replaced by the following: ‘(a) if the difference between the pre-test and post-test results is less than 2 % as specified in points 2.7.2 and 2.7.3, the measured concentrations may be used uncorrected or shall, at the request of the manufacturer, be corrected for drift according to point 2.7.5.’; (i) in Section 2.7, the following point is added: ‘2.7.6 Checking the PM number analyser The zero level of the PM number analyser shall be checked before test start and after test end and recorded in accordance with the requirements of point 2.5.5.’; (j) points 3.1.1., 3.1.2. and 3.1.3. are replaced by the following: ‘3.1.1. Analysers data The data from the gas analysers shall be properly aligned using the procedure laid down in paragraph 9.3.5 of Annex 4 to UNECE Regulation No 49. The data from the PM number analyser shall be time aligned with its own transformation time, according to the instrument manufacturer’s instructions. 3.1.2. Analysers and Exhaust Flow Meter (EFM) data The data from the gas analysers and the PM number analysers shall be properly aligned with the data of the EFM using the procedure in point 3.1.4. 3.1.3. PEMS and engine data The data from the PEMS (gas analysers, PM number analyser and EFM) shall be properly aligned with the data from the engine ECU using the procedure in point 3.1.4.’; (k) in point 3.1.4, ‘1: Gas analysers (THC, CO, CO 2 , NO x concentrations);’ is replaced by the following: ‘1 : Gas analysers (THC, CO, CO 2 , NO x concentrations) and PM number analyser;’ (l) in Section 3, the following point is added: ‘3.6. Calculation of the instantaneous PM number emissions The instantaneous PM number (PN i ) emissions [#/s] shall be determined by multiplying the instantaneous concentration of the PM number [#/cm 3 ] with the instantaneous exhaust mass flow rate [kg/s], both corrected and aligned for the transformation time, according to paragraph 1.4.3. of Appendix 3. All negative instantaneous emissions values shall enter subsequent data evaluations as zero. All significant digits of intermediate results shall enter the calculation of the instantaneous emissions. The following formula shall apply for the purposes of determining the instantaneous PM number emissions: where: PN i is the instantaneous PM number emissions [#/s] c PNi is the measured PM number concentration [#/m 3 ] normalised at 273 K (0 °C) including internal dilution and particle losses q mewi is the measured exhaust mass flow rate [kg/s] ρ e is the density of the exhaust gas [kg/m 3 ] at 273 K (0 °C).’; (m) points 4.2.1 and 4.2.1.1. are replaced by the following: ‘4.2.1. Calculation of the specific emissions The specific emissions e ([mg/kWh] or [#/kWh]) shall be calculated for each window and each pollutant in the following way: where: m is the mass emission of the pollutant [mg/window] or the PM number [#/window] W(t 2,i ) – W(t 1,i ) is the engine work during the i th averaging window [kWh]. 4.2.1.1. Calculation of the specific emissions for a declared market fuel If a test pursuant to this Annex was performed with a market fuel declared in point 3.2.2.2.1 of Part 1 in Appendix 4 to Annex I, the specific emissions e ([mg/kWh] or [#/kWh]) shall be calculated for each window and each pollutant by multiplying the specific emissions determined in accordance with point 4.2.1. with the power correction factor determined pursuant to point 1.1.2 (a1) of Annex I.’; (n) point 4.2.3. is replaced by the following: ‘4.2.3. Calculation of the conformity factors The conformity factors shall be calculated for each individual valid window and each individual pollutant in the following way: where: e is the brake-specific emission of the gaseous pollutant [mg/kWh] or [#/kWh]; L is the applicable limit [mg/kWh] or [#/kWh].’; (o) point 4.3.2. is replaced by the following: ‘4.3.2. Calculation of the conformity factors The conformity factors shall be calculated for each individual valid window and each individual pollutant in the following way: Where: where: m is the mass emission of the gaseous pollutant [mg/window], or the PM number [#/window]; m CO2 (t 2,i ) – m CO2 (t 1,i ) is the CO 2 mass during the i th averaging window [kg]; m CO2,ref is the engine CO 2 mass determined for the WHTC [kg]; m L is the mass emission of the gaseous pollutant or the PM number corresponding to the applicable limit on the WHTC [mg] or [#] respectively].’; (p) in Section 4, the following points are added: ‘4.4. Calculation of the final conformity factor for the test 4.4.1. The final conformity factor for the test (CF final ) for each pollutant shall be calculated as follows: where: CF cold is the conformity factor of the period of cold operation of the test, which shall be equal to the highest conformity factor of the moving averaging windows starting below 343 K (70 °C) coolant temperature, determined for that pollutant in accordance with the calculation procedures specified in points 4.1. and either 4.2. or, as applicable, 4.3.; CF warm is the conformity factor of the period of warm operation of the test, which shall be equal to the 90 th cumulative percentile of the conformity factors determined for that pollutant in accordance with the calculation procedures specified in points 4.1 and either 4.2. or, as applicable, 4.3., when the data evaluation is started after the coolant temperature has reached 343 K (70 °C) for the first time.’; (14) Appendix 2 is amended as follows: (a) point 1 is replaced by the following: ‘1. GENERAL The gaseous emissions and the PM number shall be measured according to the procedure set out in Appendix 1. This Appendix describes the characteristics of the portable measurement equipment that shall be used to perform such measurement tests.’; (b) in Section 2, the following points are added: ‘2.5 PM number analysers 2.5.1 General 2.5.1.1. The PM number analyser shall consist of a pre-conditioning unit and a particle detector (see Figure 1). The particle detector may also pre-condition the aerosol. The analyser’s sensitivity to shocks, vibrations, aging, variations in temperature and air pressure, electromagnetic interferences and other things that could affect the operation of the vehicle or the analyser shall be kept to a minimum as far as possible and shall be clearly stated in the supporting documentation produced by the instrument manufacturer. The PM number analyser shall fulfil the requirements of this Regulation and the specifications of the instrument manufacturer. Figure 1 Example of a PM number analyser setup (dotted lines depict optional parts) EFM: Exhaust mass Flow Meter d: inner diameter PND: PM Number Diluter 2.5.1.2. The PM number analyser shall be connected to the sampling point via a sampling probe which extracts a sample from the centreline of the tailpipe tube. If particles are not diluted at the tailpipe, the sampling line shall be heated to a minimum temperature of 373 K (100 °C) until the point of first dilution of the PM number analyser or the particle detector of the analyser. The residence time of the sample in the particle sampling line shall be less than 3 seconds to the point of first dilution or to the particle detector. 2.5.1.3. All parts in contact with the sampled exhaust gas shall be always kept at a temperature that avoids condensation of any compound in the device. That may be achieved e.g. by heating to a higher temperature and diluting the sample or oxidising the (semi)volatile species. 2.5.1.4. The PM number analyser shall include a heated section at wall temperature ≥ 573K (300 °C). The pre-conditioning unit shall control the heated stages to constant nominal operating temperatures, within a tolerance of ± 10 K and provide an indication of whether or not heated parts are at their correct operating temperatures. Lower temperatures are acceptable as long as the volatile particle removal efficiency meets the specifications set out in point 2.5.4. 2.5.1.5. Pressure, temperature and other sensors shall monitor the operation of the instrument during its operation and shall trigger a warning or message in case of malfunction. 2.5.1.6. The delay time inside the PM number analyser shall be < 5 s. Delay time means the time difference between a change of concentration at the reference point and a system response of 10 % of the final reading. 2.5.1.7. The PM number analyser (and/or particle detector) shall have a rise time of < 3,5 s. 2.5.1.8. Particle concentration measurements shall be reported normalised to 273 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa. If considered necessary using best engineering judgement, the pressure and/or temperature at the inlet of the detector shall be measured and reported for the purposes of normalising the particle concentration. 2.5.1.9. PM number analysers that comply with the calibration requirements of UNECE Regulation No 83 or 49 or GTR 15 shall be deemed to comply with the calibration requirements of this Annex. 2.5.2. Efficiency requirements 2.5.2.1. The complete PM number analyser system and the sampling line, shall meet the efficiency requirements of Table 1: Table 1 PM number analyser system (and sampling line) efficiency requirements dp [nm] sub-23 23 30 50 70 100 200 E(dp) -- ( *1 ) 0,2-0,6 0,3-1,2 0,6-1,3 0,7-1,3 0,7-1,3 0,5-2,0 2.5.2.2. Efficiency E(dp) is the ratio in the readings of the PM number analyser system to a reference Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)’s (d50 = 10 nm or lower, checked for linearity and calibrated with an electrometer) or an Electrometer’s number concentration measuring in parallel monodisperse aerosol of mobility diameter dp and normalised at the same temperature and pressure conditions. The material shall be thermally stable and soot-like (e.g. spark discharged graphite or diffusion flame soot with thermal pre-treatment). If the efficiency curve is measured with a different aerosol (e.g. NaCl), the correlation to the soot-like curve shall be provided in the form of a chart which compares the efficiencies obtained using both test aerosols. The differences in the counting efficiencies shall be taken into account by adjusting the measured efficiencies based on that comparison chart to give soot-like aerosol efficiencies. Any correction for multiple charged particles shall be applied and documented, but it shall not exceed 10 %. The final efficiencies (e.g. adjusted for the different material and multiple charged particles) shall cover the PM number analyser and sampling line. The PM number analyser may alternatively be calibrated in parts (i.e. the pre-conditioning unit separately from the particle detector) provided that the PM number analyser and the sampling line together meet the requirements of Table 1. The signal measured from the detector shall be > 2 times the limit of detection (here defined as the zero level plus 3 standard deviations). 2.5.3. Linearity requirements 2.5.3.1. The linearity requirements shall be verified whenever damage is observed, as required by internal audit procedures or by the instrument manufacturer, at least once within the 12-month period leading up to a test. 2.5.3.2. The PM number analyser, and the sampling line, shall meet the linearity requirements set out in Table 2. Table 2 Linearity requirements of PM number analyser (and the sampling line) Measurement parameter/instrument |χ min × (a 1 - 1)+ a 0 | Slope a 1 Standard error SEE Coefficient of determination r 2 PM number analyser ≤ 5 % max 0,85-1,15 ≤ 10 % max ≥ 0,950 2.5.3.3. The PM number analyser system and the sampling line, shall meet the linearity requirements of Table 2 using monodisperse or polydisperse soot-like particles. The particle size (mobility diameter or count median diameter) shall be larger than 45 nm. The reference instrument shall be an Electrometer or a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) with d50 = 10 nm or lower, verified for linearity. Alternatively, the reference instrument may be a particle number system that complies with the requirements of UNECE Regulation No 49. 2.5.3.4. In addition, the differences between the PM number analyser and the reference instrument at each of the points that are checked (except the zero point) shall be within 15 % of their mean value. At least 5 points equally distributed (plus the zero point) shall be checked. The maximum checked concentration shall be the maximum allowed concentration of the PM number analyser. If the PM number analyser is calibrated in parts, the linearity may be checked only for the detector, but the efficiencies of the other parts and the sampling line shall be taken into account in the slope calculation. 2.5.4. Volatile removal efficiency 2.5.4.1. The PM number analyser system shall achieve > 99 % removal of ≥ 30 nm tetracontane (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 38 CH 3 ) particles with an inlet concentration of ≥ 10 000 particles per cubic centimetre at the minimum dilution. 2.5.4.2. Additionally, the PM number analyser system shall also achieve a > 99 % removal efficiency of polydisperse alcane (decane or higher) or emery oil with count median diameter > 50 nm and an inlet concentration of ≥ 5 × 10 6 particles per cubic centimetre at the minimum dilution (equivalent mass > 1 mg/m 3 ). 2.5.4.3. The volatile removal efficiency with tetracontane and/or polydisperse alcane or oil need to be proven only once for the PEMS family. A PEMS family is considered to be a group of instruments with the same analysers, sample and thermal conditioning and software compensation algorithms. The instrument manufacturer shall provide the maintenance or replacement interval that ensures that the removal efficiency does not drop below the technical requirements. If such information is not provided by the instrument manufacturer, the volatile removal efficiency shall be checked yearly for each instrument.’; (15) in Appendix 3, the following points are added: ‘1.4. PM number analyser calibration and verification 1.4.1. The PEMS leakage test shall be conducted either in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 9.3.4 of Annex 4 to UNECE Regulation No 49 or in accordance with the instrument manufacturer’s instructions. 1.4.2. The response time check of the PM number analyser shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements set out in paragraph 9.3.5 of Annex 4 to UNECE Regulation No 49 using particles if gases cannot be used. 1.4.3. The transformation time of the PM number analyser system and its sampling line, shall be determined in accordance with paragraph A.8.1.3.7. of Appendix 8 to Annex 4 to UNECE Regulation No 49. “Transformation time” means the time difference between a change of concentration at the reference point and a system response of 50 % of the final reading.’ ( 1 ) For compression-ignition engines. ( 2 ) For positive-ignition engines. ( 3 ) Subject to transitional measures laid down in Article 17a’; ( 4 ) Measured or corrected to a wet basis. ( 5 ) Gas engines only. ( 6 ) Use the ambient temperature sensor or an intake air temperature sensor. ( 7 ) The recorded value shall be either (a) the net brake engine torque in accordance with point 2.4.4 of this Appendix or (b) the net brake engine torque calculated from the torque values in accordance with point 2.4.4 of this Appendix.’; ( *1 ) Will be defined at a later stage.