DRIVER WARNINGS AND INDUCEMENT METHODS OF THE EXCESS EXHAUST EMISSIONS DRIVER WARNING SYSTEM
ANNEX IISupplementary provisions
ANNEX II DRIVER WARNINGS AND INDUCEMENT METHODS OF THE EXCESS EXHAUST EMISSIONS DRIVER WARNING SYSTEM 1. Introduction 1.1. This annex sets out the requirements for driver warnings and inducement method applicable to the excess exhaust emissions driver warning system (EEEDWS). Illustrative schematic diagrams are provided in Appendix 1 to this Annex. 2. Driver warning and inducement method requirements 2.1. The driver warnings and inducement methods shall be initiated as soon as at least one of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions referred to in Article 5 is set to ‘Error’ and remain active until none of the monitoring statuses are set to ‘Error’. 2.2. Counters 2.2.1. The EEEDWS shall include the counters described in paragraphs 2.2.3 to 2.2.8 to support the operation of the driver warnings and inducement methods. 2.2.2. Further technical specifications of the counters are described in the relevant tables of Annex I. 2.2.3. ‘OBM warning distance’ counter 2.2.3.1. If any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is set to ‘Error’, the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter shall increment by a value of 0,1 for every 0,1 kilometres driven with the internal combustion engine running, to record the distance travelled by the vehicle in kilometres since the initiation of the driver warnings. 2.2.3.2. The ‘OBM warning distance’ counter shall have a resolution of 0,1 km or any smaller distance, a minimum value of 0 km and a maximum value of at least 6 553,5 km. 2.2.3.3. While all monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions have a continuous status other than ‘Error’, the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter may decrement as follows: — if the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter has a value greater than 400 km, the counter may decrement by the distance driven in kilometres with the internal combustion engine running, — if the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter has a value equal to or lower than 400 km, the counter may decrement by up to 100 km for each accumulated 100 km distance driven with the internal combustion engine running. 2.2.3.4. The ‘OBM warning distance’ counter may reset under the following conditions: — if any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is reset using a generic scan tool or service tool, the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter shall reset to 2 400 km or the value at the time of reset, whichever is lower, — the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter may reset to zero at the end of a valid OBM trip following a minimum accumulated distance driven with the internal combustion engine running of 400 km while all monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions have a continuous status other than ‘Error’. 2.2.3.5. If the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze until one of the conditions to decrement or reset are met. 2.2.4. ‘OBM warning distance – lifetime’ counter 2.2.4.1. If, during the vehicle lifetime, any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is set to ‘Error’, the ‘OBM warning distance – lifetime’ counter shall record the distance travelled with any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions in ‘Error’ and the internal combustion engine running. 2.2.4.2. The ‘OBM warning distance – lifetime’ counter shall have a resolution of 1 km, a minimum value of 0 km and a maximum value of 65 535 km. 2.2.4.3. The ‘OBM warning distance counter – lifetime’ shall not reset to zero, and when it reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze. 2.2.5. ‘OBM distance since monitoring status reset’ counter 2.2.5.1. The ‘OBM distance since monitoring status reset’ counter indicates the distance travelled with the internal combustion engine running since none of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions were last set to ‘Error’. 2.2.5.2. The ‘OBM distance since monitoring status reset’ counter shall have a resolution of 1 km or any smaller distance, a minimum value of 0 km and a maximum value of at least 65 535 km. 2.2.5.3. The ‘OBM distance since monitoring status reset’ counter shall reset to zero when one of these conditions is met: — any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions transition from ‘Error’ to either ‘Normal’ or ‘Intermediate’ status resulting in all monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions having a ‘Normal’ or ‘Intermediate’ status, — the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions are reset using a generic scan tool or service tool. 2.2.5.4. If the ‘OBM distance since monitoring status reset’ counter reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze until one of the conditions to reset to zero is met. 2.2.6. ‘OBM monitoring status reset – lifetime’ counter 2.2.6.1. The ‘OBM monitoring status reset – lifetime’ counter shall count the number of times that any command to reset monitoring statuses or clear OBM data is received from a generic scan tool or service tool during the vehicle’s lifetime. This counter shall be an integer with a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 65 535. If the ‘OBM monitoring status reset – lifetime’ counter reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze and not reset to zero. 2.2.6.2. If the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions are reset as part of a manufacturer software update, it shall not be required to increment the ‘OBM monitoring status reset – lifetime’ counter. 2.2.7. ‘OBM current inducement distance’ counter 2.2.7.1. The ‘OBM current inducement distance’ counter shall count the distance driven in kilometres with the internal combustion engine running since the current or last inducement period began as described in paragraph 2.4.2. 2.2.7.2. The ‘OBM current inducement distance’ counter shall have a resolution of 0,1 km or any smaller distance, a minimum value of 0 km and a maximum value of at least 6 553,5 km. If the counter reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze and not reset. 2.2.7.3. If the inducement period is paused as described in paragraph 2.4.3, the ‘OBM current inducement distance’ counter shall freeze. 2.2.7.4. The ‘OBM current inducement distance’ counter shall reset to zero when one of the following conditions is met: — the inducement system is activated as defined in paragraph 2.4, — the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions are reset using a generic scan tool or service tool. 2.2.8. ‘OBM inducement distance – lifetime’ counter 2.2.8.1. The ‘OBM inducement distance – lifetime’ counter shall count the distance driven in kilometres with the internal combustion engine running during the vehicle lifetime while inducement is active. 2.2.8.2. The ‘OBM inducement distance – lifetime’ counter shall have a resolution of 1 km, a minimum value of 0 km and a maximum value of 65 535 km. If the counter reaches its maximum value, it shall freeze and not reset. 2.2.8.3. If the inducement period is paused or reset as described in paragraph 2.4.3 the ‘OBM inducement distance – lifetime’ counter shall freeze until conditions to increment are met. 2.3. Driver warnings 2.3.1. General requirements for the display of driver warnings 2.3.1.1. The EEEDWS shall include a warning system consisting of visual alarms to inform the driver when faults or tampering that prevent adequate emissions control or adequate performance of the OBM system have been identified. The warning system may also include an audible component to alert the driver. 2.3.1.2. A facility to permit the driver to dim the visual warnings and mute the audible component of the warning system may be provided on vehicles designed and constructed for use by the rescue services, armed services, civil defence, fire services and forces responsible for maintaining public order. 2.3.1.3. If any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is set to ‘Error’, the MI as defined in UN Regulation No 154, Annex C5, shall be continuously activated, and an appropriate driver warning shall be displayed according to paragraphs 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4. The driver warning displayed shall be sufficiently clear for the driver to understand that faults or tampering that prevent adequate emissions control or monitoring and justify a repair have been identified by the OBM system. The driver warning shall also indicate the remaining distance until the repair inducement will be activated. 2.3.1.4. The driver warnings may be temporarily interrupted as required to display important safety and other emissions control system related warnings to the driver. 2.3.1.5. When an OBM driver warning coincides with the continuous warning described in paragraph 3.4 of Appendix 6 of UN Regulation No 154, both driver warnings may be displayed simultaneously to the driver, if possible. If simultaneous display of the driver warnings is not possible, the driver warnings shall be suppressed temporarily for the duration of the continuous warning and the ‘OBM warning distance’ shall be managed according to the following rules: — For values of the ‘OBM warning distance’ at time of driver warning suppression between 0 and 1 400: At the end of the continuous warning described in paragraph 3.4 of Appendix 6 of UN Regulation No 154, reset the ‘OBM warning distance’ to 1 400 km or the value at the time of reset, whichever is lower, — For values of the ‘OBM warning distance’ at time of driver warning suppression between 1 400 and 2 400: At the end of the continuous warning described in paragraph 3.4 of Appendix 6 of UN Regulation No 154, manufacturers may reset the ‘OBM warning distance’ to a minimum of 2 350 km. For values of the ‘OBM warning distance’ above 2 400 before inducement has started: Reset and freeze the ‘OBM warning distance’ to 2 400 km for the duration of the continuous warning described in paragraph 3.4 of Appendix 6 of UN Regulation No 154. 2.3.2. Low-level warning 2.3.2.1. When the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter value is lower than 1 400 km and any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is set to ‘Error’, the driver warnings shall be displayed for a sufficient period upon activation of the powertrain. 2.3.3. Delayed activation of the MI and display of the driver warnings. 2.3.3.1. Without prejudice to other criteria for MI activation, while the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter described in paragraph 2.2.3 has a value lower than 400 km, manufacturers may delay activation of the MI, as specified in paragraph 2.3.1, and the display of the low-level warning, as specified in paragraph 2.3.2. If the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter reaches a value of 400 km while the activation of MI and display of warnings are delayed, the low-level warning shall be displayed to the driver without waiting until the next activation of the powertrain. 2.3.3.2. When the ‘Level 2 – Possible tampering detected’ status is set in the ‘Tampering status’ parameter as defined in Annex I, paragraph 1.10, the delayed activation of the MI and display of the driver warnings shall not be permitted. 2.3.4. High-level warning 2.3.4.1. When the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter value is equal to or greater than 1 400 km and the inducement method is not yet activated and any of the monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions is set to ‘Error’, a driver warning shall be persistently displayed. 2.3.5. Inducement method warning 2.3.5.1. When the inducement method is activated as described in paragraph 2.4, a driver warning shall be continuously displayed and clearly indicate that the repair inducement system is active. The warning shall also indicate the number of remaining restarts or the remaining distance before engine start is prohibited, depending on the type of inducement method installed. 2.3.5.2. When the repair inducement warning period has expired, a clear continuous warning indicating engine starts are prohibited shall be displayed. 2.3.6. Suppression of the driver warnings following a monitoring status update 2.3.6.1. Without prejudice to other criteria for MI activation, if the driver warning system has been activated as described in paragraphs 2.3.1 to 2.3.4 and all monitoring statuses of exhaust emissions that were set to ‘Error’ have transitioned to ‘Normal’ or ‘Intermediate’, the driver warnings and MI activation may be suppressed at the start of the next OBM trip. 2.4. Inducement method to facilitate repairs 2.4.1. General requirements of inducement method to facilitate repairs 2.4.1.1. The vehicle shall be equipped with an inducement method to ensure appropriate repairs to emissions control systems are carried out when faults or tampering that prevent adequate emissions control or monitoring and justify a repair have been identified by the OBM system. 2.4.1.2. The inducement method shall be designed to ensure the vehicle cannot be operated using its engine if the sequence of driver warnings is ignored. Hybrid vehicle operation in zero-emission mode may remain unrestricted during active inducement. 2.4.1.3. The requirement for the inducement method shall not apply to vehicles designed and constructed for use by the rescue services, armed services, civil defence, fire services and forces responsible for maintaining public order. Permanent deactivation of the driver inducement system for these vehicles shall only be done by the vehicle manufacturer. 2.4.2. Activation of the inducement method 2.4.2.1. An inducement method in accordance with point 2.4.4 shall be activated at the start of the next OBM trip following the warning distance counter exceeding 2 400 km, provided any of the monitoring statuses remains in ‘Error’. 2.4.3. Pausing and deactivation of the inducement method following a monitoring status update 2.4.3.1. If, after the inducement method was activated, all the monitoring statuses in ‘Error’ have transitioned to ‘Normal’ or ‘Intermediate’, the countdown of distance or number of engine starts may be paused and the driver warning may be hidden as long as all monitoring statuses are not in ‘Error’. 2.4.3.2. If the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter decrements to a value less than 2 400 km, the inducement method may be deactivated at the start of the next OBM trip. 2.4.4. Manufacturer options for inducement methods 2.4.4.1. The manufacturer shall select one option of inducement methods to install from those described in paragraphs 2.4.4.2 to 2.4.4.5. 2.4.4.2. Option A – no engine starts after maximum number of engine starts 2.4.4.2.1. This option allows a countdown of engine starts remaining once the inducement system activates. Engine restarts shall be prevented at the start of the next new OBM trip after the number of engine restarts performed since activation of inducement reaches a maximum value of no more than 20. Engine starts initiated by the vehicle control system, such as start-stop systems, or engine restarts resulting from an engine stall condition shall not be included in this countdown. 2.4.4.3. Option B – no engine starts after remaining distance 2.4.4.3.1. This option allows a countdown of distance once the inducement system starts. Engine restarts shall be prevented at the next new OBM trip after the vehicle has driven, with the engine running, a maximum distance of no more than the average driving range of one full tank of fuel since the activation of the repair inducement. Engine restarts initiated by the vehicle control system, such as start-stop systems, or engine restarts resulting from an engine stall condition shall be permitted after maximum distance has been exceeded. The average driving range of one full fuel tank shall be derived from the fuel consumption as determined from a Type 1 test. 2.4.4.4. Option C – no engine start after refuelling 2.4.4.4.1. This option results in a vehicle being unable to start after re-fuelling if the inducement system has activated. 2.4.4.5. Option D – fuel lockout 2.4.4.5.1. This option prevents the vehicle from being refuelled by locking the fuel filler system after the inducement system activates. The lockout system shall be robust to prevent it being tampered with. 2.4.5. Reactivation of inducement after failed repair 2.4.5.1. After a repair has been carried out to correct a fault where the OBM system has activated the inducement method as defined in paragraph 2.4.2 and engine start has been inhibited, the inducement method may be deactivated by a generic scan tool or service tool to enable the vehicle to be restarted. 2.4.5.2. The vehicle shall operate for a maximum of 400 km with the internal combustion engine running, distributed over several OBM trips, or a single OBM trip exceeding 400 km to enable the success of the repair to be validated. If the monitoring status of any exhaust emissions resets to ‘Error’ during the validation period, the ‘OBM warning distance’ counter shall reset to 2 401 km and the inducement system shall be activated at the start of the next OBM trip. 2.4.5.3. After reactivation of the inducement system, the maximum number of engine starts permitted shall be limited to no more than 3. Engine starts initiated by the vehicle control system, such as start-stop systems, or engine restarts resulting from an engine stall condition shall not be included in this countdown. 2.5. Information requirements 2.5.1. The manufacturer shall deliver new vehicles with clear information in user manuals or other appropriate means to ensure that vehicle users are aware of the functionality of driver warnings and inducement methods of the excess exhaust emissions driver warning system.