Grounds for detention
Article 29
1. Member States may detain a third-country national pursuant to this Regulation on the basis of an individual assessment of each case and only in so far as detention is proportionate. 2. Member States may only keep in detention a third-country national for the purpose of return, including for preparing the return, readmission or carrying out the removal. 3. A third-country national may only be detained based on one or more of the following grounds for detention: (a) a risk of absconding determined in accordance with Article 19; (b) the third-country national avoids or hampers readmission, the preparation of the return, or the removal; (c) the third-country national poses a security risk within the meaning of Article 13; (d) to determine or verify his or her identity or nationality; (e) non-compliance with the obligations laid down in Article 18(3), points (a) to (d), (f), (h), (k), (l) and (m), including lack of cooperation in obtaining travel documents; (f) other necessary and proportionate relevant grounds related to return provided for in national law, to ensure effective return procedures. 4. Detention shall be ordered by administrative or judicial authorities. Detention shall be ordered by a written decision giving the reasons of fact and of law on which it is based as well as information on available legal remedies. The decision shall be communicated orally or in writing to the third-country national in a language that he or she understands or is reasonably presumed to understand, including with the use of interpretation or translation services. 5. When detaining a third-country national pursuant to paragraph 2, Member States shall take into account whether the third-country national is a vulnerable person.