My bookmarksSign up free

Act No. 190 Section 109

Variance.

Section 109

SEC. 109. Variance. — An immaterial variance between the allegation in a pleading and the proof shall be disregarded, and the facts found according to the evidence, and the pleading shall be forthwith amended in accordance with the facts found, unless it has actually misled the adverse party to his prejudice in maintaining his action or defense upon the merits. Whenever it appears that a variance is material and that a party has been misled, courts shall not dismiss the action by reason of the variance, but shall, upon such terms as may be just, order the pleadings to be forthwith amended in accordance with the facts, and determine the action upon the actual facts as established. The amendments provided in this section may be made either in the Court of First Instance or in the Supreme Court, at any stage of the action.

Read the full instrument → · Open the chapter this section belongs to: CHAPTER V →

Other provisions in CHAPTER V

Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of 2026-07-04

CitationAct No. 190 Section 109 (LawPlayer, data as of 2026-07-04)

Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).

What to look at next