Usurpation of an office or franchise.
Section 197
SEC. 197. Usurpation of an office or franchise. — A civil action may be brought in the name of the Government of the Philippine Islands: 1. Against a person who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises a public civil office or a franchise within the Philippine Islands, or an office in a corporation created by the authority of the Government of the Philippine Islands; 2. Against a public civil officer who does or suffers an act which, by the provisions of law, works a forfeiture of his office; 3. Against an association of persons who act as a corporation within the Philippine Islands, without being legally incorporated or without lawful authority so to act.