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Act No. 190 Section 381

Witnesses.

Section 381

SEC. 381. Witnesses. — The testimony of all witnesses, except such as has been taken in writing in the form of depositions as otherwise provided by law, shall be given on oath in open court orally, and each witness may be orally cross-examined by the adverse party or his counsel with sufficient fullness and freedom to test his accuracy and truthfulness and freedom from interest or bias, or the reverse, and to elicit all important facts bearing upon the issue. The courts shall be liberal in allowing cross-examinations, but shall have the power to restrict them so as to confine them to the purposes last above specified and to prevent irrelevant or insulting interrogatories.

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Other provisions in CHAPTER XIII

Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of 2026-07-04

CitationAct No. 190 Section 381 (LawPlayer, data as of 2026-07-04)

Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).

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