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RA 11232 Section 100

RA 11232 Section 100

When a Board Meeting is Unnecessary or Improperly Held.

Section 100

SEC. 100. When a Board Meeting is Unnecessary or Improperly Held. - Unless the bylaws provide otherwise, any action taken by the directors of a close corporation without a meeting called properly and with due notice shall nevertheless be deemed valid if: (a) Before or after such action is taken, a written consent thereto is signed by all the directors; or (b) All the stockholders have actual or implied knowledge of the action and make no prompt objection in writing; or (c) The directors are accustomed to take informal action with the express or implied acquiescence of all the stockholders; or (d) All the directors have express or implied knowledge of the action in question and none of them makes a prompt objection in writing. An action within the corporate powers taken at a meeting held without proper call or notice is deemed ratified by a director who failed to attend, unless after having knowledge thereof, the director promptly files his written objection with the secretary of the corporation.

Read the full instrument → · Open the chapter this section belongs to: TITLE XII →

Other provisions in TITLE XII

Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of July 4, 2026

CitationRA 11232 Section 100 (LawPlayer, data as of July 4, 2026)

Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).

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