s 377BB Voyeurism
377BB.—(1) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally observes another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to being observed.[15/2019] (2) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) operates equipment with the intention of enabling A or another person to observe a third person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s private act was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating equipment with that intention.[15/2019] (3) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally or knowingly records another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the act.[15/2019] (4) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) operates equipment without another person’s (B) consent with the intention of enabling A or another person (C) to observe B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered) in circumstances where the genital region, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and[Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022] (b) knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s image was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating the equipment with that intention.[15/2019] (5) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally or knowingly records without another person’s (B) consent an image of B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genital region, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and[Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022] (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the image.[15/2019] (6) Any person (A) who installs equipment, or constructs or adapts a structure or part of a structure, with the intention of enabling A or another person to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence.[15/2019] (7) Subject to subsection (8), a person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years, or with fine, or with caning, or with any combination of such punishments.[15/2019] (8) A person who commits an offence under this section against a person who is below 14 years of age shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years and shall also be liable to fine or to caning.[15/2019] (9) In any proceedings for an offence under this section, where a person (A) has made a recording of another person (B) doing a private act or of B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genital region, breasts or buttocks would not otherwise be visible, it is presumed until the contrary is proved that B did not consent to A making the recording.[15/2019] [Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022] —(1) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally observes another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to being observed.[15/2019] (2) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) operates equipment with the intention of enabling A or another person to observe a third person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s private act was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating equipment with that intention.[15/2019] (3) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally or knowingly records another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the act.[15/2019] (4) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) operates equipment without another person’s (B) consent with the intention of enabling A or another person (C) to observe B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered) in circumstances where the genital region, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and[Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022] (b) knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s image was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating the equipment with that intention.[15/2019] (5) Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —(a) intentionally or knowingly records without another person’s (B) consent an image of B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genital region, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and[Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022] (b) knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the image.[15/2019] (6) Any person (A) who installs equipment, or constructs or adapts a structure or part of a structure, with the intention of enabling A or another person to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence.[15/2019] (7) Subject to subsection (8), a person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years, or with fine, or with caning, or with any combination of such punishments.[15/2019] (8) A person who commits an offence under this section against a person who is below 14 years of age shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years and shall also be liable to fine or to caning.[15/2019] (9) In any proceedings for an offence under this section, where a person (A) has made a recording of another person (B) doing a private act or of B’s genital region, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genital region, breasts or buttocks would not otherwise be visible, it is presumed until the contrary is proved that B did not consent to A making the recording.[15/2019] [Act 23 of 2021 wef 01/03/2022]