1. The measures taken by the authorities of a Contracting State shall be recognised by operation of law in all other Contracting States.
2. Recognition may however be refused:
(a)
if the measure was taken by an authority whose jurisdiction was not based on one of the grounds provided for in Chapter II;
(b)
if the measure was taken, except in a case of urgency, in the context of a judicial or administrative proceeding, without the child having been provided the opportunity to be heard, in violation of fundamental principles of procedure of the requested State;
(c)
on the request of any person claiming that the measure infringes his or her parental responsibility, if such measure was taken, except in a case of urgency, without such person having been given an opportunity to be heard;
(d)
if such recognition is manifestly contrary to public policy of the requested State, taking into account the best interests of the child;
(e)
if the measure is incompatible with a later measure taken in the non-Contracting State of the habitual residence of the child, where this later measure fulfils the requirements for recognition in the requested State;
(f)
if the procedure provided in Article 33 has not been complied with.
Without prejudice to Article 23(1) any interested person may request from the competent authorities of a Contracting State that they decide on the recognition or non-recognition of a measure taken in another Contracting State. The procedure is governed by the law of the requested State.
The authority of the requested State is bound by the findings of fact on which the authority of the State where the measure was taken based its jurisdiction.
1. If measures taken in one Contracting State and enforceable there require enforcement in another Contracting State, they shall, upon request by an interested party, be declared enforceable or registered for the purpose of enforcement in that other State according to the procedure provided in the law of the latter State.
2. Each Contracting State shall apply to the declaration of enforceability or registration a simple and rapid procedure.
3. The declaration of enforceability or registration may be refused only for one of the reasons set out in Article 23(2).
Without prejudice to such review as is necessary in the application of the preceding Articles, there shall be no review of the merits of the measure taken.
Measures taken in one Contracting State and declared enforceable, or registered for the purpose of enforcement, in another Contracting State shall be enforced in the latter State as if they had been taken by the authorities of that State. Enforcement takes place in accordance with the law of the requested State to the extent provided by such law, taking into consideration the best interests of the child.
Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the EU), © European Union, reuse permitted under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU.
