SECTION 1 — Common Equity Tier 1 capital and instruments
Subsection 1 — Foreseeable dividends and charges
Meaning of ‘foreseeable’ in foreseeable dividend for the purposes of Article 26(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The amount of foreseeable dividends to be deducted by institutions from the interim or year-end profits as provided in Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, shall be determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 4.
2. Where an institution’s management body has formally taken a decision or proposed a decision to the institution’s relevant body regarding the amount of dividends to be distributed, this amount shall be deducted from the corresponding interim or year-end profits.
3. Where interim dividends are paid, the residual amount of interim profit resulting from the calculation laid down in paragraph 2 which is to be added to Common Equity Tier 1 items shall be reduced, taking into account the rules laid down in paragraphs 2 and 4, by the amount of any foreseeable dividend which can be expected to be paid out from that residual interim profit with the final dividends for the full business year.
4. Before the management body has formally taken a decision or proposed a decision to the relevant body on the distribution of dividends, the amount of foreseeable dividends to be deducted by institutions from the interim or year-end profits shall equal the amount of interim or year-end profits multiplied by the dividend payout ratio.
5. The dividend pay-out ratio shall be determined on the basis of the dividend policy approved for the relevant period by the management body or other relevant body.
6. Where the dividend policy contains a pay-out range instead of a fixed value, the upper end of the range is to be used for the purpose of paragraph 2.
7. In the absence of an approved dividend policy, or when, in the opinion of the competent authority, it is likely that the institution will not apply its dividend policy or this policy is not a prudent basis upon which to determine the amount of deduction, the dividend pay-out ratio shall be based on the highest of the following:
(a)
the average dividend pay-out ratio over the three years prior to the year under consideration;
(b)
the dividend pay-out ratio of the year preceding the year under consideration.
8. The competent authority may permit the institution to adjust the calculation of the dividend pay-out ratio as described in points (a) and (b) of paragraph 7 to exclude exceptional dividends paid during the period.
9. The amount of foreseeable dividends to be deducted shall be determined taking into account any regulatory restrictions on distributions, in particular restrictions determined in accordance with Article 141 of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 6 ) . The amount of profit after deduction of foreseeable charges subject to such restrictions may be included fully in Common Equity Tier 1 items where the condition of point (a) of paragraph 2 of Article 26 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 is met. When such restrictions are applicable, the foreseeable dividends to be deducted shall be based on the capital conservation plan agreed by the competent authority pursuant to Article 142 of Directive 2013/36/EU.
10. The amount of foreseeable dividends to be paid in a form that does not reduce the amount of Common Equity Tier 1 items, such as dividends in the form of shares, known as scrip-dividends, shall not be deducted from interim or year-end profits to be included in Common Equity Tier 1 items.
11. The competent authority shall be satisfied that all necessary deductions to the interim or year-end profits and all those related to foreseeable dividends have been made, either under applicable accounting framework or under any other adjustments, before permitting that the institution includes interim or year-end profits in Common Equity Tier 1 items.
Meaning of ‘foreseeable’ in foreseeable charge for the purposes of Article 26(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The amount of foreseeable charges to be taken into account shall comprise the following:
(a)
the amount of taxes;
(b)
the amount of any obligations or circumstances arising during the related reporting period which are likely to reduce the profits of the institution and for which the competent authority is not satisfied that all necessary value adjustments, such as additional value adjustments according to Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, or provisions have been made.
2. Foreseeable charges that have not already been taken into account in the profit and loss account shall be assigned to the interim period during which they have incurred so that each interim period bears a reasonable amount of these charges. Material or non-recurrent events shall be considered in full and without delay in the interim period during which they arise.
3. The competent authority shall be satisfied that all necessary deductions to the interim or year-end profits and all those related to foreseeable charges have been made, either under applicable accounting framework or under any other adjustments, before permitting that the institution includes interim or year-end profits in Common Equity Tier 1 items.
Subsection 2 — Cooperative societies, savings institutions, mutuals and similar institutions
Type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law as a cooperative society for the purposes of Article 27(1)(a)(ii) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Competent authorities may determine that a type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law qualifies as a cooperative society for the purpose of Part Two of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, where all of the conditions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are met.
2. To qualify as a cooperative society for the purposes of paragraph 1, an institution’s legal status shall fall within one of the following categories:
(a)
in Austria: institutions registered as ‘eingetragene Genossenschaft (e.Gen.)’ or ‘registrierte Genossenschaft’ under the ‘Gesetz über Erwerbs- und Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften (GenG)’;
(b)
in Belgium: institutions registered as ‘société coopérative/coöperatieve vennootschap’ and approved in application of the Royal Decree of 8 January 1962 fixing the conditions of approval of the national groupings of cooperative societies and cooperative societies;
(c)
in Cyprus: institutions registered as ‘Συνεργατικό Πιστωτικό Ίδρυμα ή ΣΠΙ’ established by virtue of the Cooperative Societies Laws of 1985;
(d)
in the Czech Republic: institutions authorised as ‘spořitelní a úvěrní družstvo’ under ‘zákon upravující činnost spořitelních a úvěrních družstev’;
(e)
in Denmark: institutions registered as ‘andelskasser’or ‘sammenslutninger af andelskasser’ under the Danish Financial Business Act;
(f)
in Finland: institutions registered as one of the following:
(1)
‘Osuuspankki’ or ‘andelsbank’ under ‘laki osuuspankeista ja muista osuuskuntamuotoisista luottolaitoksista’ or ‘lag om andelsbanker och andra kreditinstitut i andelslagsform’;
(2)
‘Muu osuuskuntamuotoinen luottolaitos’ or ‘annat kreditinstitut i andelslagsform’ under ‘laki osuuspankeista ja muista osuuskuntamuotoisista luottolaitoksista’ or ‘lag om andelsbanker och andra kreditinstitut i andelslagsform’;
(3)
‘Keskusyhteisö’ or ‘centralinstitutet’ under ‘laki talletuspankkien yhteenliittymästä’ or ‘lag om en sammanslutning av inlåningsbanker’;
(g)
in France: institutions registered as ‘sociétés coopératives’ under the ‘Loi n o 47-1775 du 10 septembre 1947 portant statut de la coopération’ and authorised as ‘banques mutualistes ou coopératives’ under the ‘Code monétaire et financier, partie législative, Livre V, titre Ier, chapitre II’;
(h)
in Germany: institutions registered as ‘eingetragene Genossenschaft (eG)’ under the ‘Gesetz betreffend die Erwerbs- und Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften (Genossenschaftsgesetz –GenG)’;
(i)
in Greece: institutions registered as ‘Πιστωτικοί Συνεταιρισμοί’ under the Cooperative Law 1667/1986 that operate as credit institutions and may be labeled as ‘Συνεταιριστική Τράπεζα’ according to the Banking Law 3601/2007;
(j)
in Hungary: institutions registered as ‘Szövetkezeti hitelintézet’ under Act CXII of 1996 on Credit Institutions and Financial Enterprises;
(k)
in Italy: institutions registered as on of the following:
(1)
‘Banche popolari’ referred to in Legislative Decree 1 September 1993, no. 385;
(2)
‘Banche di credito cooperativo’ referred to in Legislative Decree 1 September 1993, no. 385;
(3)
‘Banche di garanzia collettiva dei fidi’ referred to in art. 13 of Decree Law 30 September 2003, no. 269, converted into Law 24 November 2003, no. 326;
(l)
in Luxembourg: institutions registered as ‘sociétés coopératives’ as defined in Section VI of the law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies;
(m)
in the Netherlands: institutions registered as ‘coöperaties’ or ‘onderlinge waarborgmaatschappijen’ under ‘Title 3 of Book 2 Rechtspersonen of the Burgerlijk wetboek’;
(n)
in Poland: institutions registered as ‘bank spółdzielczy’ under the provisions of ‘Prawo bankowe’;
(o)
in Portugal: institutions registered as ‘Caixa de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo’ or as ‘Caixa Central de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo‘ under the ‘Regime Jurídico do Crédito Agrícola Mútuo e das Cooperativas de Crédito Agrícola’ approved by Decreto-Lei n. o 24/91, de 11 de Janeiro;
(p)
in Romania: institutions registered as ‘Organizații cooperatiste de credit’ under the provisions of Government Emergency Ordinance no. 99/2006 on credit institutions and capital adequacy, approved with amendments and supplements by Law no. 227/2007;
(q)
in Spain: Institutions registered as ‘Cooperativas de Crédito’ under the ‘Ley 13/1989, de 26 de mayo, de Cooperativas de Crédito’;
(r)
in Sweden: institutions registered as ‘Medlemsbank’ under ‘Lag (1995:1570) om medlemsbanker‘ or as ‘Kreditmarknadsförening’ under Lag (2004:297) om bank- och finansieringsrörelse;
(s)
in the United Kingdom: institutions registered as ‘cooperative societies’ under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1965 and under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.
3. With respect to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, to qualify as a cooperative society for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution shall be able to issue, according to the national applicable law or company statutes, at the level of the legal entity, only capital instruments referred to in Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
4. To qualify as a cooperative society for the purposes of paragraph 1, when the holders, which may be members or non-members of the institution, of the Common Equity Tier 1 instruments referred to in paragraph (3) have the ability to resign, under the applicable national law, they may also have the right to put the capital instrument back to the institution, but only subject to the restrictions of the applicable national law, company statutes, of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and of this Regulation. This does not prevent the institution from issuing, under applicable national law, Common Equity Tier 1 instruments complying with Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 to members and non-members that do not grant a right to put the capital instrument back to the institution.
Type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law as a savings institution for the purposes of Article 27(1)(a)(iii) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Competent authorities may determine that a type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law qualifies as a savings institution for the purpose of Part Two of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, where all the conditions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are met.
2. To qualify as a savings institution for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution’s legal status shall fall within one of the following categories:
(a)
in Austria: institutions registered as ‘Sparkasse’ under para. 1 (1) of the ‘Bundesgesetz über die Ordnung des Sparkassenwesens (Sparkassengesetz – SpG)’;
(b)
in Denmark: institutions registered as ‘Sparekasser’ under the Danish Financial Business Act;
(c)
in Finland: institutions registered as ‘Säästöpankki’ or ‘Sparbank’ under ‘Säästöpankkilaki ‘ or ‘Sparbankslag’;
(d)
in Germany: institutions registered as ‘Sparkasse’ as follows:
(1)
Sparkassengesetz für Baden-Württemberg (SpG)’;
(2)
‘Gesetz über die öffentlichen Sparkassen (Sparkassengesetz – SpkG) in Bayern‘;
(3)
‘Gesetz über die Berliner Sparkasse und die Umwandlung der Landesbank Berlin – Girozentrale – in eine Aktiengesellschaft (Berliner Sparkassengesetz – SpkG)’;
(4)
‘Brandenburgisches Sparkassengesetz (BbgSpkG)’;
(5)
‘Sparkassengesetz für öffentlich-rechtliche Sparkassen im Lande Bremen (Bremisches Sparkassengesetz)’;
(6)
‘Hessisches Sparkassengesetz’;
(7)
‘Sparkassengesetz des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (SpkG)’;
(8)
‘Niedersächsisches Sparkassengesetz (NSpG)’;
(9)
‘Sparkassengesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen (Sparkassengesetz – SpkG) ’;
(10)
Sparkassengesetz (SpkG) für Rheinland-Pfalz’;
(11)
‘Saarländisches Sparkassengesetz (SSpG)’;
(12)
‘Gesetz über die öffentlich-rechtlichen Kreditinstitute im Freistaat Sachsen und die Sachsen-Finanzgruppe’;
(13)
‘Sparkassengesetz des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt (SpkG-LSA)’;
(14)
‘Sparkassengesetz für das Land Schleswig-Holstein (Sparkassengesetz – SpkG)’;
(15)
‘Thüringer Sparkassengesetz (ThürSpkG)’;
(e)
in Spain: institutions registered as ‘Cajas de Ahorros‘ under ‘Real Decreto-Ley 2532/1929, de 21 de noviembre, sobre Régimen del Ahorro Popular’;
(f)
in Sweden: institutions registered as ‘Sparbank’ under ‘Sparbankslag (1987:619)’.
3. With respect to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, to qualify as a savings institution for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution has to be able to issue, according to national applicable law or company statutes, at the level of the legal entity, only capital instruments referred to in Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
4. To qualify as a savings institution for the purposes of paragraph 1, the sum of capital, reserves and interim or year-end profits, shall not be allowed, according to national applicable law, to be distributed to holders of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments. Such condition is deemed to be fulfilled even where the institution issues Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that grant the holders, on a going concern basis, a right to a part of the profits and reserves, where allowed by the applicable national law, provided that this part is proportionate to their contribution to the capital and reserves or, where permitted by the applicable national law, in accordance with an alternative arrangement. The institution may issue Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that grant the holders, in the case of insolvency or liquidation of the institution, the right to reserves which do not need to be proportionate to the contribution to capital and reserves provided that the conditions of paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 are met.
Type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law as a mutual for the purposes of Article 27(1)(a)(i) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Competent authorities may determine that a type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law qualifies as a mutual for the purpose of Part Two of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, where all of the conditions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are met.
2. To qualify as a mutual for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution’s legal status shall fall within one of the following categories:
(a)
in Denmark: Associations (‘Foreninger’) or funds (‘Fonde’) which originate from the conversion of insurance companies (‘Forsikringsselskaber’), mortgage credit institutions (‘Realkreditinstitutter’), savings banks (‘Sparekasser’), cooperative savings banks (‘Andelskasser’) and affiliations of cooperative savings banks (‘Sammenslutninger af andelskasser’) into limited companies as defined under the Danish Financial Business Act;
(b)
in Ireland: institutions registered as ‘building societies’ under the Building Societies Act 1989;
(c)
in the United Kingdom: institutions registered as ‘building societies’ under the Building Societies Act 1986; institutions registered as a ‘savings bank’ under the Savings Bank (Scotland) Act 1819.
3. With respect to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, to qualify as a mutual for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution is only allowed to issue, according to the national applicable law or company statutes, at the level of the legal entity, capital instruments referred to in Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
4. To qualify as a mutual for the purposes of paragraph 1, the total amount or a partial amount of the sum of capital and reserves shall be owned by members of the institution, who do not, in the ordinary course of business, benefit from direct distribution of the reserves, in particular through the payment of dividends. Such conditions are deemed to be fulfilled even where the institution issues Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that grant a right on the profits and reserves, where allowed by the applicable national law.
Type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law as a similar institution for the purposes of Article 27(1)(a)(iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Competent authorities may determine that a type of undertaking recognised under applicable national law qualifies as a similar institution to cooperatives, mutuals and savings institutions for the purpose of Part Two of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, where all of the conditions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are met.
2. To qualify as a similar institution to cooperatives, mutuals and savings institutions for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution’s legal status falls under one of the following categories:
(a)
in Austria: the ‘Pfandbriefstelle der österreichischen Landes-Hypothekenbanken’ under the ‘Bundesgesetz über die Pfandbriefstelle der österreichischen Landes-Hypothekenbanken (Pfandbriefstelle-Gesetz – PfBrStG)’;
(b)
in Finland: institutions registered as ‘Hypoteekkiyhdistys’ or ‘Hypoteksförening’ under ‘Laki hypoteekkiyhdistyksistä’ or ‘Lag om hypoteksföreningar’.
3. With respect to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, to qualify as a similar institution to cooperatives, mutuals and savings institutions for the purposes of paragraph 1, the institution shall be only able to issue, according to the national applicable law or company statutes, at the level of the legal entity, capital instruments referred to in Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
4. To qualify as a similar institution to cooperatives, mutuals and savings institutions for the purposes of paragraph 1, one or more of the following conditions shall also be met:
(a)
where the holders, which may be members or non-members of the institution, of the Common Equity Tier 1 instruments referred to in paragraph 3 have the ability to resign under the applicable national law, they may also have the right to put the capital instrument back to the institution, but only subject to the restrictions of the applicable national law, company statutes and of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and this Regulation. That does not prevent the institution from issuing, under applicable national law, Common Equity Tier 1 instruments complying with Article 29 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 to members and non-members that do not grant a right to put the capital instrument back to the institution;
(b)
the sum of capital, reserves and interim or year-end profits, is not allowed, according to national applicable law, to be distributed to holders of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments. That condition is deemed to be fulfilled even where the institution issues Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that grant the holders, on a going concern basis, a right to a part of the profits and reserves, where allowed by the applicable national law, provided that that part is proportionate to their contribution to the capital and reserves or, where permitted by the applicable national law, in accordance with an alternative arrangement. The institution may issue Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that grant the holders, in the case of insolvency or liquidation of the institution, the right to reserves which do not need to be proportionate to the contribution to capital and reserves provided that the conditions of Article 29(4) and (5) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 are met;
(c)
the total amount or a partial amount of the sum of capital and reserves is owned by members of the institution who do not, in the ordinary course of business, benefit from direct distribution of the reserves, in particular through the payment of dividends.
Subsection 3 — Indirect funding
Indirect funding of capital instruments for the purposes of Article 28(1)(b,) Article 52(1)(c) and Article 63(c) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Indirect funding of capital instruments under Article 28(1)(b), Article 52(1)(c) and Article 63(c) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be deemed funding that is not direct.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, direct funding shall refer to situations where an institution has granted a loan or other funding in any form to an investor that is used for the purchase of its capital instruments.
3. Direct funding shall also include funding granted for other purposes than purchasing an institution’s capital instruments, to any natural or legal person who has a qualifying holding in the credit institution, as referred to in Article 4(36) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, or who is deemed to be a related party within the meaning of the definitions in paragraph 9 of International Accounting Standard 24 on Related Party Disclosures as applied in the Union according to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 7 ) , taking into account any additional guidance as defined by the competent authority, if the institution is not able to demonstrate all of the following:
(a)
the transaction is realised at similar conditions as other transactions with third parties;
(b)
the natural or legal person or the related party does not have to rely on the distributions or on the sale of the capital instruments held to support the payment of interest and the repayment of the funding.
Applicable forms and nature of indirect funding of capital instruments for the purposes of Article 28(1)(b) and 52(1)(c) and 63(c) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The applicable forms and nature of indirect funding of the purchase of an institution’s capital instruments shall include the following:
(a)
funding of an investor’s purchase, at issuance or thereafter, of an institution’s capital instruments by any entities on which the institution has a direct or indirect control or by entities included in any of the following:
(1)
the scope of accounting or prudential consolidation of the institution;
(2)
the scope of the consolidated balance sheet or extended aggregated calculation, where equivalent to consolidated accounts as referred to in Article 49(3)(a)(iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, that is drawn up by the institutional protection scheme or the network of institutions affiliated to a central body that are not organised as a group to which the institution belongs;
(3)
the scope of supplementary supervision of the institution in accordance with Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 8 ) on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate;
(b)
funding of an investor’s purchase, at issuance or thereafter, of an institution’s capital instruments by external entities that are protected by a guarantee or by the use of a credit derivative or are secured in some other way so that the credit risk is transferred to the institution or to any entities on which the institution has a direct or indirect control or any entities included in any of the following:
(1)
the scope of accounting or prudential consolidation of the institution;
(2)
the scope of the consolidated balance sheet or extended aggregated calculation, where equivalent to consolidated accounts as referred to in Article 49(3)(a)(iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, that is drawn up by the institutional protection scheme or the network of institutions affiliated to a central body that are not organised as a group to which the institution belongs;
(3)
the scope of supplementary supervision of the institution in accordance with Directive 2002/87/EC.
(c)
funding of a borrower that passes the funding on to the ultimate investor for the purchase, at issuance or thereafter, of an institution’s capital instruments.
2. In order to be considered as indirect funding for the purposes of paragraph 1, the following conditions shall also be met, where applicable:
(a)
the investor is not included in any of the following:
(1)
the scope of accounting or prudential consolidation of the institution;
(2)
the scope of the consolidated balance sheet or extended aggregated calculation, where equivalent to consolidated accounts as referred to in Article 49(3)(a)(iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, that is drawn up by the institutional protection scheme or the network of institutions affiliated to a central body that are not organised as a group to which the institution belongs. For this purpose an investor is deemed to be included in the scope of the extended aggregated calculation if the relevant capital instrument is subject to consolidation or extended aggregated calculation in accordance with Article 49(3)(a) (iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 in a way that the multiple use of own funds items and any creation of own funds between members of the institutional protection scheme is eliminated. Where the permission from competent authorities referred to in Article 49(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 has not been granted, this condition shall be deemed to be met where both the entities referred to in paragraph 1(a) and the institution are members of the same institutional protection scheme and the entities deduct the funding provided for the purchase of the institution’s capital instruments according to Articles 36(1)(f) to (i), Article 56(a) to (d) and Article 66(a) to (d) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, as applicable;
(3)
the scope of the supplementary supervision of the institution in accordance with Directive 2002/87/EC;
(b)
the external entity is not included in any of the following:
(1)
the scope of accounting or prudential consolidation of the institution;
(2)
the scope of the consolidated balance sheet or extended aggregated calculation, where equivalent to consolidated accounts as referred to in Article 49(3)(a)(iv) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, that is drawn up by the institutional protection scheme or the network of institutions affiliated to a central body that are not organised as a group to which the institution belongs;
(3)
the scope of the supplementary supervision of the institution in accordance with Directive 2002/87/EC.
3. When establishing whether the purchase of a capital instrument involves direct or indirect funding in accordance with Article 8, the amount to be considered shall be net of any individually assessed impairment allowance made.
4. In order to avoid a qualification of direct or indirect funding in accordance with Article 8 and where the loan or other form of funding or guarantees is granted to any natural or legal person who has a qualifying holding in the credit institution or who is deemed to be a related party as referred to in paragraph 3, the institution shall ensure on an on-going basis that it has not provided the loan or other form of funding or guarantees for the purpose of subscribing directly or indirectly capital instruments of the institution. Where the loan or other form of funding or guarantees is granted to other types of parties, the institution shall make this control on a best effort basis.
5. With regard to mutuals, cooperative societies and similar institutions, where there is an obligation under national law or the statutes of the institution for a customer to subscribe capital instruments in order to receive a loan, that loan shall not be considered as a direct or indirect funding where all of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the amount of the subscription is considered immaterial by the competent authority;
(b)
the purpose of the loan is not the purchase of capital instruments of the institution providing the loan;
(c)
the subscription of one or more capital instruments of the institution is necessary in order for the beneficiary of the loan to become a member of the mutual, cooperative society or similar institution.
Subsection 4 — Limitations on redemption of capital instruments
Limitations on redemption of capital instruments issued by mutuals, savings institutions, cooperative societies and similar institutions for the purposes of Article 29(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Article 78(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. An institution may issue Common Equity Tier 1 instruments with a possibility to redeem only where such possibility is foreseen by the applicable national law.
2. The ability of the institution to limit the redemption under the provisions governing capital instruments as referred to in Article 29(2)(b) and 78(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, shall encompass both the right to defer the redemption and the right to limit the amount to be redeemed. The institution shall be able to defer the redemption or limit the amount to be redeemed for an unlimited period of time pursuant to paragraph 3.
3. The extent of the limitations on redemption included in the provisions governing the instruments shall be determined by the institution on the basis of the prudential situation of the institution at any time, having regard to in particular, but not limited to:
(a)
the overall financial, liquidity and solvency situation of the institution;
(b)
the amount of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 and total capital compared to the total risk exposure amount calculated in accordance with the requirements laid down in point (a) of Article 92(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, the specific own funds requirements referred to in Article 104(1)(a) of Directive 2013/36/EU and the combined buffer requirement as defined in point (6) of Article 128 of that Directive.
Limitations on redemption of capital instruments issued by mutuals, savings institutions, cooperative societies and similar institutions for the purposes of Article 29(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Article 78(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The limitations on redemption included in the contractual or legal provisions governing the instruments shall not prevent the competent authority from limiting further the redemption on the instruments on an appropriate basis as foreseen by Article 78 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
2. Competent authorities shall assess the bases of limitations on redemption included in the contractual and legal provisions governing the instrument. They shall require institutions to modify the corresponding contractual provisions where they are not satisfied that the bases of limitations are appropriate. Where the instruments are governed by the national law in the absence of contractual provisions, the legislation shall enable the institution to limit redemption as referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3 of Article 10 in order for the instruments to qualify as Common Equity Tier 1.
3. Any decision to limit redemption shall be documented internally and reported in writing by the institution to the competent authority, including the reasons why, in view of the criteria set out in paragraph 3, a redemption has been partially or fully refused or deferred.
4. Where several decisions to limit redemption are taking place in the same period of time, institutions may document these decisions in a single set of documents.
SECTION 2 — Prudential Filters
The concept of gain on sale for the purposes of Article 32(1)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The concept of gain on sale referred to in point (a) paragraph 1 of Article 32 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall mean any recognised gain on sale for the institution that is recorded as an increase in any element of own funds and is associated with future margin income arising from a sale of securitised assets when they are removed from the institution’s balance sheet in the context of a securitisation transaction.
2. The recognised gain on sale shall be determined as the difference between the following points (a) and (b) as determined by applying the relevant accounting framework:
(a)
the net value of the assets received including any new asset obtained less any other asset given or any new liability assumed;
(b)
and the carrying amount of the securitised assets or of the part derecognised.
3. The recognised gain on sale which is associated with the future margin income, shall refer, in this context, to the expected future ‘excess spread’ as defined in Article 242 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
SECTION 3 — Deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 items
Deduction of losses for the current financial year for the purposes of Article 36(1)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. For the purpose of calculating its Common Equity Tier 1 capital during the year, and irrespective of whether the institution closes its financial accounts at the end of each interim period, the institution shall determine its profit and loss accounts and deduct any resulting losses from Common Equity Tier 1 items as they arise.
2. For the purpose of determining an institution’s profit and loss accounts in accordance with paragraph 1, income and expenses shall be determined under the same process and on the basis of the same accounting standards as the one followed for the year-end financial report. Income and expenses shall be prudently estimated and shall be assigned to the interim period in which they incurred so that each interim period bears a reasonable amount of the anticipated annual income and expenses. Material or non-recurrent events shall be considered in full and without delay in the interim period during which they arise.
3. Where losses for the current financial year have already reduced Common Equity Tier 1 items as a result of an interim or a year-end financial report, a deduction is not needed. For the purpose of this Article, the financial report means that the profit and losses have been determined after a closing of the interim or the annual accounts in accordance with the accounting framework to which the institution is subject under Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 ón the application of international accounting standards and Council Directive 86/635/EEC ( 9 ) on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts of banks and other financial institutions.
4. Paragraphs 1 to 3 shall apply in the same manner to gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Deductions of deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability for the purposes of Article 36(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The deductions of deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability under Article 36(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be made according to paragraphs 2 and 3.
2. The offsetting between deferred tax assets and associated deferred tax liabilities shall be done separately for each taxable entity. Associated deferred tax liabilities shall be limited to those that arise from the tax law of the same jurisdiction as the deferred tax assets. For the calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities at consolidated level, a taxable entity includes any number of entities which are members of the same tax group, fiscal consolidation, fiscal unity or consolidated tax return under applicable national law.
3. The amount of associated deferred tax liabilities which are eligible for offsetting deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability is equal to the difference between the amount in point (a) and the amount in point (b):
(a)
the amount of deferred tax liabilities as recognised under the applicable accounting framework;
(b)
the amount of associated deferred tax liabilities arising from intangible assets and from defined benefit pension fund assets.
Deduction of defined benefit pension fund assets for the purposes of Article 36(1)(e) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Article 41(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. The competent authority shall only grant the prior permission mentioned in point (b) of Article 41(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 where the unrestricted ability to use the respective defined benefit pension fund assets entails immediate and unfettered access to the assets such as when the use of the assets is not barred by a restriction of any kind and there are no claims of any kind from third parties on these assets.
2. Unfettered access to the assets is likely to exist when the institution is not required to request and receive specific approval from the manager of the pension funds or the pension beneficiaries each time it would access excess funds in the plan.
Deductions of foreseeable tax charges for the purposes of Article 36(1)(l) and Article 56(f) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. On the condition that the institution applies accounting framework and accounting policies that provide for the full recognition of current and deferred tax liabilities related to transactions and other events recognised in the balance sheet or the profit and loss account, the institution may consider that foreseeable tax charges have been already taken into account. The competent authority shall be satisfied that all necessary deductions have been made, either under applicable accounting standards or under any other adjustments.
2. When the institution is calculating its Common Equity Tier 1 capital on the basis of financial statements prepared in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002, the condition of paragraph 1 is deemed to be fulfilled.
3. Where the condition of paragraph 1 is not fulfilled, the institution shall decrease its Common Equity Tier 1 items by the estimated amount of current and deferred tax charges not yet recognised in the balance sheet and profit and loss account related to transactions and other events recognised in the balance sheet or the profit and loss account. The estimated amount of current and deferred tax charges shall be determined using an approach equivalent to the one provided by Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002. The estimated amount of deferred tax charges may not be netted against deferred tax assets that are not recognised in the financial statements.
SECTION 4 — Other deductions for Common Equity Tier 1, additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 items
Other deductions for capital instruments of financial institutions for the purposes of Article 36(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Holdings of capital instruments of financial institutions as defined in Article 4(26) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be deducted according to the following calculations:
(a)
all instruments qualifying as capital under the company law applicable to the financial institution that issued them and, where the financial institution is subject to solvency requirements, which are included in the highest quality Tier of regulatory own funds without any limits shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(b)
all instruments which qualify as capital under the company law applicable to the issuer and, where the financial institution is not subject to solvency requirements, which are perpetual, absorb the first and proportionately greatest share of losses as they occur, rank below all other claims in the event of insolvency and liquidation and have no preferential or predetermined distributions shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(c)
any subordinated instruments absorbing losses on a going-concern basis, including the discretion to cancel coupon payments, shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 capital;
(d)
any other subordinated instruments shall be deducted from Tier 2 items. If the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Tier 2 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital is insufficient, the remaining excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(e)
any other instruments included in the financial institution’s own funds pursuant to the relevant applicable prudential framework or any other instruments for which the institution is not able to demonstrate that the conditions in points (a), (b), (c) or (d) apply shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items.
2. In the cases foreseen in paragraph 3, institutions shall apply the deductions as foreseen by Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 for holdings of capital instruments based on a corresponding deduction approach. For the purposes of this paragraph, corresponding deduction approach shall mean an approach that applies the deduction to the same component of capital for which the capital would qualify if it was issued by the institution itself.
3. The deductions referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply in the following cases:
(a)
where the financial institution is authorised and supervised by a competent authority and subject to prudential requirements equivalent to those applied to institutions under Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. This approach shall be applied to third country financial institutions only where an equivalence assessment of the prudential regime of the third country concerned has been performed under that regulation and where it has been concluded that the prudential regime of the third country concerned is at least equivalent to that applied in the Union;
(b)
where the financial institution is an electronic money institution within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 10 ) and does not benefit from optional exemptions as provided by Article 9 of that Directive;
(c)
where the financial institution is a payment institution within the meaning of Article 4 of Directive 2007/64/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 11 ) and does not benefit from a waiver as provided by Article 26 of that Directive;
(d)
where the financial institution is an alternative investment fund manager within the meaning of Article 4 of Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 12 ) or a management company within the meaning of Article 2(1) of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 13 ) .
Capital instruments of third country insurance and reinsurance undertakings for the purposes of Article 36(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
1. Holdings of capital instruments of third country insurance and reinsurance undertakings that are subject to a solvency regime that either has been assessed as non-equivalent to that laid down in Title I, Chapter VI of Directive 2009/138/EC according to the procedure set out in Article 227 of that Directive, or that has not been assessed, shall be deducted as follows:
(a)
all instruments which qualify as capital under the company law applicable to the third country insurance and reinsurance undertakings that issued them, and which are included in the highest quality Tier of regulatory own funds without any limits under the third-country regime shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(b)
any subordinated instruments absorbing losses on a going-concern basis, including the discretion to cancel coupon payments, shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(c)
any other subordinated instruments shall be deducted from Tier 2 items. Where the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Tier 2 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where this excess amount exceeds the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital, the remaining excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(d)
for third country insurance and reinsurance undertakings that are subject to prudential solvency requirements, any other instruments included in the third country insurance and reinsurance undertakings’ own funds pursuant to the relevant applicable solvency regime or any other instruments for which the institution is not able to demonstrate that conditions (a), (b) or (c) apply shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items.
2. Where the solvency regime of the third country including rules on own funds, has been assessed as equivalent to that laid down in Title I, Chapter VI of Directive 2009/138/EC according to the procedure set out in Article 227 of that Directive, holdings of capital instrument of the third-country insurance or reinsurance undertakings shall be treated as holdings of capital instruments of insurance or reinsurance undertakings authorised in accordance with Article 14 of Directive 2009/138/EC.
3. In the cases foreseen in paragraph 2 of this Article, institutions shall apply the deductions as foreseen by point (b) of Article 44, point (b) of Article 58 and point (b) of Article 68 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, as applicable, for holdings of own funds insurance items.
Capital instruments of undertakings excluded from the scope of Directive 2009/138/EC for the purposes of Article 36(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
Holdings of capital instruments of undertakings excluded from the scope of Directive 2009/138/EC in accordance with Article 4 of that Directive shall be deducted as follows:
(a)
all instruments qualifying as capital under the company law applicable to the undertaking that issued them and that are included in the highest quality Tier of regulatory own funds without any limits shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 capital;
(b)
any subordinated instruments absorbing losses on a going-concern basis, including the discretion to cancel coupon payments, shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(c)
any other subordinated instruments shall be deducted from Tier 2 items. If the amount of these subordinated instruments exceeds the amount of Tier 2 capital, the excess amount shall be deducted from Additional Tier 1 items. Where this amount exceeds the amount of Additional Tier 1 capital, the remaining excess amount shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items;
(d)
any other instruments included in the undertaking’s own funds pursuant to the relevant applicable solvency regime or any other instruments for which the institution is not able to demonstrate that conditions (a), (b) or (c) apply shall be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 capital.
Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the EU), © European Union, reuse permitted under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU.
