ANNEX XIIISupplementary provisions
ANNEX XIII REQUIREMENTS TO ENSURE THE CORRECT OPERATION OF NO x CONTROL MEASURES 1. INTRODUCTION This Annex sets out the requirements to ensure the correct operation of NO x control measures. It includes requirements for vehicles that rely on the use of a reagent in order to reduce emissions. 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Any engine system falling within the scope of this Annex shall be designed, constructed and installed so as to be capable of meeting these requirements throughout the normal life of the engine under normal conditions of use. In achieving this objective it is acceptable that engines which have been used in excess of the appropriate durability period referred to in Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 may show some deterioration in performance and sensitivity of the monitoring system. 2.1. Alternative approval If requested by the manufacturer, for vehicles of category M 1 , M 2 , N 1 and N 2 with a maximum permissible mass not exceeding 7,5 tonnes and M 3 Class I, Class II and Class A and Class B as defined in Annex I to Directive 2001/85/EC with a permissible mass not exceeding 7,5 tonnes, compliance with the requirements of Annex XVI to Regulation (EC) 692/2008 shall be considered equivalent to the compliance with this Annex. If such alternative approval is used, the information related to the correct operation of NO x control measures in Sections 3.2.12.2.8.1 to 3.2.12.2.8.5 of Part 2 of Appendix 4 to Annex I is replaced by the information of Section 3.2.12.2.8 of Appendix 3 to Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 692/2008. Selective application of the provisions of this Annex and of the provisions of Annex XVI to Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 shall not be permitted except to the extent that it is explicitly permitted in this Section. 2.2. Required information 2.2.1. Information that fully describes the functional operational characteristics of an engine system covered by this Annex shall be provided by the manufacturer in the form set out in Appendix 4 to Annex I. 2.2.2. In its application for type-approval, the manufacturer shall specify the characteristics of all reagents consumed by any emission control system. This specification shall include types and concentrations, operational temperature conditions, and references to international standards. 2.2.3. Detailed written information fully describing the functional operation characteristics of the driver warning system as provided in accordance with Section 4 and of the driver inducement system as provided in accordance with Section 5 shall be submitted to the approval authority at the time of application for the type-approval. 2.2.4. When a manufacturer applies for an approval of an engine or engine family as a separate technical unit, it shall include in the documentation package referred to in Article 5(3) or 7(3) or 9(3) the appropriate requirements that will ensure that the vehicle, when used on the road or elsewhere as appropriate, will comply with the requirements of this Annex. This documentation shall include the following: (a) the detailed technical requirements including the provisions ensuring the compatibility with the monitoring, warning, and inducement systems present in the engine system for the purpose of complying with the requirements of this Annex; (b) the verification procedure to be complied with for installation of the engine in the vehicle. The existence and the adequacy of such installation requirements may be checked during the approval process of the engine system. The documentation referred to in points (a) and (b) shall not be required if the manufacturer applies for an EC type-approval of a vehicle with regard to emissions and access to vehicle repair and maintenance information. 2.3. Operating conditions 2.3.1. Any engine system falling within the scope of this Annex shall retain its emission control function during all conditions regularly pertaining in the territory of the Union, especially at low ambient temperatures, in line with Annex VI. 2.3.2. The emission control monitoring system shall be operational: (a) at ambient temperatures between 266 K and 308 K (– 7 °C and 35 °C); (b) at all altitudes below 1 600 m; (c) at engine coolant temperatures above 343 K (70 °C). This Section shall not apply in the case of monitoring for reagent level in the storage tank, where monitoring shall be conducted under all conditions where measurement is technically feasible including all conditions when a liquid reagent is not frozen. 2.4. Reagent freeze protection 2.4.1. The manufacturer may use a heated or a non-heated reagent tank and dosing system, in accordance with the general requirements of Section 2.3.1. A heated system shall meet the requirements of Section 2.4.2. A non-heated system shall meet the requirements of Section 2.4.3. 2.4.1.1. The use of a non-heated reagent tank and dosing system shall be indicated in written instructions to the owner of the vehicle. 2.4.2. Heated reagent tank and dosing system 2.4.2.1. If the reagent has frozen, the manufacturer shall ensure that reagent is available for use within a maximum of 70 minutes after the start of the vehicle at 266 K (– 7 °C) ambient temperature. 2.4.2.2. Demonstration 2.4.2.2.1. The reagent tank and dosing system shall be soaked at 255 K (– 18 °C) for 72 hours or until the bulk of the reagent becomes solid. 2.4.2.2.2. After the soak period provided in Section 2.4.2.2.1. the engine shall be started and operated at 266 K (– 7 °C) ambient temperature as follows: 10 to 20 minutes idling, followed by up to 50 minutes at no more than 40 % load. 2.4.2.2.3. The reagent dosing system shall be fully functional at the end of the test procedures described in Sections 2.4.2.2.1 and 2.4.2.2.2. 2.4.2.2.4. Demonstration of compliance with the requirements of Section 2.4.2.2 may be done in a cold chamber test cell equipped with an engine or vehicle dynamometer or may be based on vehicle field tests, as approved by the approval authority. 2.4.3. Non-heated reagent tank and dosing system 2.4.3.1. The driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated if no reagent dosing occurs at an ambient temperature ≤ 266 K (– 7 °C). 2.4.3.2. The severe inducement system described in Section 5.4 shall be activated if no reagent dosing occurs at an ambient temperature ≤ 266 K (– 7 °C) within a maximum of 70 minutes after vehicle start. 2.5. Each separate reagent tank installed on a vehicle shall include a means for taking a sample of any fluid inside the tank and for doing so without the need for information not stored on-board the vehicle. The sampling point shall be easily accessible without the use of any specialised tool or device. Keys or systems which are normally carried on the vehicle for locking access to the tank shall not be considered to be specialised tools or devices for the purpose of this Section. 3. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 3.1. The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to all owners of new vehicles or new engines type-approved in accordance with this Regulation written instructions about the emission control system and its correct operation. Those instructions shall state that if the vehicle emission control system is not functioning correctly the driver will be informed of a problem by the driver warning system, and that operation of the driver inducement system as a consequence of ignoring this warning will result in the vehicle being unable to efficiently conduct its mission. 3.2. The instructions shall indicate requirements for the proper use and maintenance of vehicles in order to maintain their emissions performance, including, where relevant, the proper use of consumable reagents. 3.3. The instructions shall be written in clear and non-technical language and in the official language or languages of the Member State in which a new vehicle or engine is sold or registered. 3.4. The instructions shall specify if consumable reagents have to be refilled by the vehicle operator between normal maintenance intervals. The instructions shall also specify the required reagent quality. They shall indicate how the operator should refill the reagent tank. The information shall also indicate a likely rate of reagent consumption for the type of vehicle and how often it is likely to need to be replenished. 3.5. The instructions shall specify that use of, and refilling with, a required reagent of the correct specifications is essential in order for the vehicle to comply with the requirements for the issuing of the certificate of conformity for that vehicle type. 3.6. The instructions shall state that it may be a criminal offence to use a vehicle that does not consume any reagent if the reagent is required for the reduction of emissions. 3.7. The instructions shall explain how the warning system and driver inducement systems work. In addition, the consequences, in terms of vehicle performance and fault logging, of ignoring the warning system and not replenishing the reagent or rectifying a problem shall be explained. 4. DRIVER WARNING SYSTEM 4.1. The vehicle shall include a driver warning system using visual alarms that informs the driver when a low reagent level, incorrect reagent quality, too low a rate of reagent consumption, or a malfunction, has been detected that may be due to tampering and that will lead to operation of the driver inducement system if not rectified in a timely manner. The warning system shall also be active when the driver inducement system described in Section 5 has been activated. 4.2. The vehicle on-board diagnostics (OBD) display system described in Annex 9B to UN/ECE Regulation No 49 and referred to in Annex X to this Regulation, shall not be used for the purpose of providing the visual alarms described in Section 4.1. The warning shall not be the same as the warning used for the purposes of OBD (that is, the MI – malfunction indicator) or other engine maintenance. It shall not be possible to turn off the warning system or visual alarms by means of a scan-tool if the cause of the warning activation has not been rectified. 4.3. The driver warning system may display short messages, including messages indicating clearly the following: (a) the remaining distance or time before activation of the low-level or severe inducements; (b) the level of torque reduction; (c) the conditions under which vehicle disablement can be cleared. The system used for displaying the messages referred to in this point may be the same as the one used for OBD or other maintenance purposes. 4.4. At the choice of the manufacturer, the warning system may include an audible component to alert the driver. The cancelling of audible warnings by the driver is permitted. 4.5. The driver warning system shall be activated as specified in Sections 6.2, 7.2, 8.4, and 9.3. 4.6. The driver warning system shall be deactivated when the conditions for its activation have ceased to exist. The driver warning system shall not be automatically deactivated without the reason for its activation having been remedied. 4.7. The warning system may be temporarily interrupted by other warning signals providing important safety-related messages. 4.8. A facility to permit the driver to dim the visual alarms provided by the warning system may be provided on vehicles for use by the rescue services or on vehicles in the categories defined in Article 2(3)(b) of Directive 2007/46/EC. 4.9. Details of the driver warning system activation and deactivation procedures are specified in Appendix 2. 4.10. As part of the application for type-approval under this Regulation, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the operation of the driver warning system, as specified in Appendix 1. 5. DRIVER INDUCEMENT SYSTEM 5.1. The vehicle shall incorporate a two-stage driver inducement system starting with a low-level inducement (a performance restriction) followed by a severe inducement (effective disablement of vehicle operation). 5.2. The requirement for a driver inducement system shall not apply to engines or vehicles for use by the rescue services or to engines or vehicles specified in Article 2(3)(b) of Directive 2007/46/EC. Permanent deactivation of the driver inducement system shall only be done by the engine or vehicle manufacturer. 5.3. Low-level inducement system The low-level inducement system shall reduce the maximum available engine torque across the engine speed range by 25 % between the peak torque speed and the governor breakpoint as described in Appendix 3. The low-level inducement system shall be activated when the vehicle becomes stationary for the first time after the conditions specified in Sections 6.3, 7.3, 8.5, and 9.4, have occurred. 5.4. Severe inducement system The vehicle or engine manufacturer shall incorporate at least one of the severe inducement systems described in Sections 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 and the ‘disable on time limit’ system described in Section 5.4.4. 5.4.1. A ‘disable after restart’ system shall limit the vehicle speed to 20 km/h (creep mode) after the engine has been shut down at the request of the driver (key-off). 5.4.2. A ‘disable after fuelling’ system shall limit the vehicle speed to 20 km/h (creep mode) after the fuel tank level has risen a measurable amount, which shall not be more than 10 % of the fuel tank capacity and shall be approved by the approval authority based on the technical capabilities of the fuel level meter and a declaration by the manufacturer. 5.4.3. A ‘disable after parking’ system shall limit the vehicle speed to 20 km/h (creep mode) after the vehicle has been stationary for more than 1 hour. 5.4.4. A ‘disable on time limit’ system shall limit the vehicle speed to 20 km/h (creep mode) on the first occasion when the vehicle becomes stationary after 8 hours of engine operation if none of the systems described in Sections 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 has previously been activated. 5.5. The driver inducement system shall be activated as specified in Sections 6.3, 7.3, 8.5, and 9.4. 5.5.1. When the driver inducement system has determined that the severe inducement system shall be activated, the low-level inducement system shall remain activated until the vehicle speed has been limited to 20 km/h (creep mode). 5.6. The driver inducement system shall be deactivated when the conditions for its activation have ceased to exist. The driver inducement system shall not be automatically deactivated without the reason for its activation having been remedied. 5.7. Details of the driver inducement system activation and deactivation procedures are described in Appendix 2. 5.8. As part of the application for type-approval under this Regulation, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the operation of the driver inducement system, as specified in Appendix 1. 6. REAGENT AVAILABILITY 6.1. Reagent indicator The vehicle shall include a specific indicator on the dashboard that clearly informs the driver of the level of reagent in the reagent storage tank. The minimum acceptable performance level for the reagent indicator is that it shall continuously indicate the reagent level whilst the driver warning system referred to in Section 4 is activated to indicate problems with reagent availability. The reagent indicator may be in the form of an analogue or digital display, and may show the level as a proportion of the full tank capacity, the amount of remaining reagent, or the estimated driving distance remaining. The reagent indicator shall be placed in close proximity to the fuel level indicator. 6.2. Activation of the driver warning system 6.2.1. The driver warning system specified in Section 4 shall be activated when the level of reagent is less than 10 % of the capacity of the reagent tank or a higher percentage at the choice of the manufacturer. 6.2.2. The warning provided shall be sufficiently clear for the driver to understand that the reagent level is low. When the warning system includes a message display system, the visual warning shall display a message indicating a low level of reagent. (for example, ‘urea level low’, ‘AdBlue level low’, or ‘reagent low’). 6.2.3. The driver warning system does not initially need to be continuously activated, however activation shall escalate in intensity so that it becomes continuous when the level of the reagent is approaching a very low proportion of the capacity of the reagent tank and the point where the driver inducement system will come into effect is approached. It shall culminate in a driver notification at a level that is at the choice of the manufacturer, but is sufficiently more noticeable than the point where the driver inducement system in Section 6.3 comes into effect. 6.2.4. The continuous warning shall not be easily disabled or ignored. When the warning system includes a message display system, an explicit message shall be displayed (for example. ‘fill up urea’, ‘fill up AdBlue’, or ‘fill up reagent’). The continuous warning may be temporarily interrupted by other warning signals providing important safety related messages. 6.2.5. It shall not be possible to turn off the driver warning system until the reagent has been replenished to a level not requiring its activation. 6.3. Activation of the driver inducement system 6.3.1. The low-level inducement system described in Section 5.3 shall be activated if the reagent tank level goes below 2,5 % of its nominally full capacity or a higher percentage at the choice of the manufacturer. 6.3.2. The severe inducement system described in Section 5.4 shall be activated if the reagent tank is empty (that is, the dosing system is unable to draw further reagent from the tank) or at any level below 2,5 % of its nominally full capacity at the discretion of the manufacturer. 6.3.3. It shall not be possible to turn off the low-level or severe driver inducement system until the reagent has been replenished to a level not requiring their respective activation. 7. REAGENT QUALITY MONITORING 7.1. The vehicle shall include a means of determining the presence of an incorrect reagent on board a vehicle. 7.1.1. The manufacturer shall specify a minimum acceptable reagent concentration CD min , which results in tailpipe emissions not exceeding the limit values specified in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009. 7.1.1.1. During the phase-in period specified in Article 4(7) and upon request of the manufacturer for the purpose of Section 7.1.1 the reference to the NO x emission limit specified in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 shall be replaced by the value of 900 mg/kWh. 7.1.1.2. The correct value of CD min shall be demonstrated during type-approval by the procedure defined in Appendix 6 and recorded in the extended documentation package as specified in Article 3 and Section 8 of Annex I. 7.1.2. Any reagent concentration lower than CD min shall be detected and be regarded, for the purpose of Section 7.1, as being incorrect reagent. 7.1.3. A specific counter (the reagent quality counter) shall be attributed to the reagent quality. The reagent quality counter shall count the number of engine operating hours with an incorrect reagent. 7.1.4. Details of the reagent quality counter activation and deactivation criteria and mechanisms are described in Appendix 2. 7.1.5. The reagent quality counter information shall be made available in a standardised manner in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 5. 7.2. Activation of the driver warning system When the monitoring systems detects or, as appropriate, confirms that the reagent quality is incorrect, the driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated. When the warning system includes a message display system, it shall display a message indicating the reason for the warning (for example. ‘incorrect urea detected’, ‘incorrect AdBlue detected’, or ‘incorrect reagent detected’). 7.3. Activation of the driver inducement system 7.3.1. The low-level inducement system described in Section 5.3 shall be activated if the reagent quality is not rectified within 10 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system described in Section 7.2. 7.3.2. The severe inducement system described in Section 5.4 shall be activated if the reagent quality is not rectified within 20 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system described in Section 7.2. 7.3.3. The number of hours prior to activation of the inducement systems shall be reduced in case of a repetitive occurrence of the malfunction, in accordance with the mechanism described in Appendix 2. 8. REAGENT CONSUMPTION MONITORING 8.1. The vehicle shall include a means of determining reagent consumption and providing off-board access to consumption information. 8.2. Reagent consumption and dosing activity counters 8.2.1. A specific counter shall be attributed to the reagent consumption (the ‘reagent consumption counter’) and another to the dosing activity (the ‘dosing activity counter’). These counters shall count the number of engine operating hours which occur with an incorrect reagent consumption and, respectively, an interruption of the reagent dosing activity. 8.2.2. Details of the reagent consumption counter and dosing counter activation and deactivation criteria and mechanisms are described in Appendix 2 to this Annex. 8.2.3. The reagent consumption counter and the dosing counter information shall be made available in a standardised manner according to the provisions of Appendix 5 to this Annex. 8.3. Monitoring conditions 8.3.1. The maximum detection period for insufficient reagent consumption is 48 hours or the period equivalent to a demanded reagent consumption of at least 15 litres, whichever is longer. 8.3.2. In order to monitor reagent consumption, at least one of the following parameters within the vehicle or engine shall be monitored: (a) the level of reagent in the on-vehicle storage tank; (b) the flow of reagent or quantity of reagent injected at a position as close as technically possible to the point of injection into an exhaust after-treatment system. 8.4. Activation of the driver warning system 8.4.1. The driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated if a deviation of more than 20 % between the average reagent consumption and the average demanded reagent consumption by the engine system over a period to be defined by the manufacturer, which shall not be longer than the maximum period defined in Section 8.3.1, is detected. When the warning system includes a message display system, it shall display a message indicating the reason for the warning (for example, ‘urea dosing malfunction’, ‘AdBlue dosing malfunction’, or ‘reagent dosing malfunction’). 8.4.1.1. Until the end of the phase-in period specified in Article 4(7) the driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated if a deviation of more than 50 % between the average reagent consumption and the average demanded reagent consumption by the engine system over the period to be defined by the manufacturer, which shall not be longer than the maximum period defined in Section 8.3.1 is detected. 8.4.2. The driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated in the case of interruption in reagent dosing. When the warning system includes a message display system, it shall display a message indicating an appropriate warning. This activation shall not be required where the interruption is demanded by the engine ECU because the vehicle operating conditions are such that the vehicle’s emission performance does not require reagent dosing. 8.5. Activation of the driver inducement system 8.5.1. The low-level inducement system described in Section 5.3 shall be activated if an error in the reagent consumption or an interruption in reagent dosing is not rectified within 10 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system specified in Sections 8.4.1 and 8.4.2. 8.5.2. The severe inducement system described in Section 5.4 shall be activated if an error in the reagent consumption or an interruption in reagent dosing is not rectified within 20 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system in Sections 8.4.1 and 8.4.2. 8.5.3. The number of hours prior to activation of the inducement systems shall be reduced in case of a repetitive occurrence of the malfunction in accordance with the mechanism described in Appendix 2. 9. MONITORING FAILURES THAT MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO TAMPERING 9.1. In addition to the level of reagent in the reagent tank, the reagent quality, and the reagent consumption, the following failures shall be monitored by the anti-tampering system because they may be attributed to tampering: (a) Impeding of the EGR valve operation; (b) failures of the anti-tampering monitoring system, as described in Section 9.2.1. 9.2. Monitoring requirements 9.2.1. The anti-tampering monitoring system shall be monitored for electrical failures and for removal or deactivation of any sensor that prevents it from diagnosing any other failures mentioned in Sections 6 to 8 (component monitoring). A non-exhaustive list of sensors that affect the diagnostic capability are those directly measuring NO x concentration, urea quality sensors, ambient sensors, and sensors used for monitoring reagent dosing activity, reagent level, or reagent consumption. 9.2.2. EGR valve counter 9.2.2.1. A specific counter shall be attributed to an impeded EGR valve. The EGR valve counter shall count the number of engine operating hours when the DTC associated with an impeded EGR valve is confirmed to be active. 9.2.2.2. Details of the EGR valve counter activation and deactivation criteria and mechanisms are described in Appendix 2 to this Annex. 9.2.2.3. The EGR valve counter information shall be made available in a standardised manner in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 5. 9.2.3. Monitoring system counters 9.2.3.1. A specific counter shall be attributed to each of the monitoring failures considered in point (b) of point 9.1. The monitoring system counters shall count the number of engine operating hours when the DTC associated with a malfunction of the monitoring system is confirmed to be active. Grouping of several faults into a single counter is permitted. 9.2.3.2. Details of the criteria for activation and deactivation of the monitoring system counters and the associated mechanisms are described in Appendix 2. 9.2.3.3. The monitoring system counter information shall be made available in a standardised manner in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 5. 9.3. Activation of the driver warning system The driver warning system described in Section 4 shall be activated in the case where any of the failures specified in Section 9.1 occurs, and shall indicate that an urgent repair is required. When the warning system includes a message display system, it shall display a message indicating either the reason for the warning (for example, ‘reagent dosing valve disconnected’, or ‘critical emission failure’). 9.4. Activation of the driver inducement system 9.4.1. The low-level inducement system described in Section 5.3 shall be activated if a failure specified in Section 9.1 is not rectified within 36 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system in Section 9.3. 9.4.2. The severe inducement system described in Section 5.4 shall be activated if a failure specified in Section 9.1 is not rectified within 100 engine operating hours after the activation of the driver warning system in Section 9.3. 9.4.3. The number of hours prior to activation of the inducement systems shall be reduced in case of a repetitive occurrence of the malfunction in accordance with the mechanism described in Appendix 2.