ANNEX IIISupplementary provisions
ANNEX III Test type II requirements: tailpipe emissions at (increased) idle and free acceleration 1. Introduction This Annex describes the procedure for type II testing, as referred to in Part A of Annex V to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, designed to ensure the requisite measurement of emissions during roadworthiness testing. The purpose of the requirements laid down in this Annex is to demonstrate that the approved vehicle complies with the requirements laid down in Directive 2009/40/EC ( 1 ) . 2. Scope 2.1. During the environmental performance type-approval process, it shall be demonstrated to the technical service and approval authority that the L-category vehicles falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 comply with the test type II requirements. 2.2. Vehicles equipped with a propulsion type of which a positive ignition combustion engine forms part shall be subject only to a type II emission test as set out in points 3, 4 and 5. 2.3. Vehicles equipped with a propulsion type of which a compression ignition combustion engine forms part shall be subject only to a type II free acceleration emission test as set out in points 3, 6 and 7. In this case point 3.8. is not applicable. 3. General conditions of type II emission testing 3.1. A visual inspection of any emission-control equipment shall be conducted prior to start of the type II emission test in order to check that the vehicle is complete, in a satisfactory condition and that there are no leaks in the fuel, air supply or exhaust systems. The test vehicle shall be properly maintained and used. 3.2. The fuel used to conduct the type II test shall be the reference fuel, specifications for which are given in Appendix 2 of Annex II in accordance with the requirements set out in Part B of Annex V of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. 3.3. During the test, the environmental temperature shall be between 293,2 K and 303,2 K (20 °C and 30 °C). 3.4. In the case of vehicles with manually-operated or semi-automatic-shift gearboxes, the test type II test shall be carried out with the gear lever in the ‘neutral’ position and the clutch engaged. 3.5. In the case of vehicles with automatic-shift gearboxes, the idle type II test shall be carried out with the gear selector in either the ‘neutral’ or the ‘park’ position. Where an automatic clutch is also fitted, the driven axle shall be lifted up to a point at which the wheels can rotate freely. 3.6. The type II emission test shall be conducted immediately after the type I emission test. In any event, the engine shall be warmed up until all coolant and lubricant temperatures and lubricant pressure have reached equilibrium at operational levels. 3.7. The exhaust outlets shall be provided with an air-tight extension, so that the sample probe used to collect exhaust gases may be inserted at least 60 cm into the exhaust outlet without increasing the back pressure of more than 125 mm H 2 O and without disturbing operation of the vehicle. This extension shall be so shaped as to avoid any appreciable dilution of exhaust gases in the air at the location of the sample probe. Where a vehicle is equipped with an exhaust system with multiple outlets, either these shall be joined to a common pipe or the carbon monoxide content shall be collected from each of them and an arithmetical average taken. 3.8. The emission test equipment and analysers to perform the type II testing shall be regularly calibrated and maintained. A flame ionisation detection or NDIR analyser may be used for measuring hydrocarbons. 3.9. The vehicles shall be tested with the fuel-consuming engine running. 3.9.1. The manufacturer shall provide a type II test ‘service mode’ that makes it possible to inspect the vehicle for roadworthiness tests on a running fuel-consuming engine, in order to determine its performance in relation to the data collected. Where this inspection requires a special procedure, this shall be detailed in the service manual (or equivalent media). That special procedure shall not require the use of special equipment other than that provided with the vehicle. 4. Test type II – description of test procedure to measure tailpipe emissions at (increased) idle and free acceleration 4.1 Components for adjusting the idling speed 4.1.1. Components for adjusting the idling speed for the purposes of this Annex refer to controls for changing the idling conditions of the engine which may be easily operated by a mechanic using only the tools referred to in point 4.1.2. In particular, devices for calibrating fuel and air flows are not considered as adjustment components if their setting requires the removal of the set-stops, an operation which can normally be performed only by a professional mechanic. 4.1.2. The tools which may be used to adjust the idling speed are screwdrivers (ordinary or cross-headed), spanners (ring, open-end or adjustable), pliers, Allen keys and a generic scan tool. 4.2 Determination of measurement points and type II idle test pass/fail criteria 4.2.1. First, a measurement is taken at the setting in accordance with the conditions fixed by the manufacturer. 4.2.2. For each adjustment component with a continuous variation, a sufficient number of characteristic positions shall be determined. The test shall be carried out with the engine at normal idling speed and at ‘high idle’ speed. High idle engine speed is defined by the manufacturer but it must be higher than 2 000 min –1 . 4.2.3. The measurement of the carbon monoxide content of exhaust gases shall be carried out for all the possible positions of the adjustment components, but for components with a continuous variation only for the positions referred to in point 4.2.2. 4.2.4. The type II idle test shall be considered passed if one or both of the following conditions is met: 4.2.4.1. the values measured in accordance with point 4.2.3. shall be in compliance with the requirements set out in points 8.2.1.2. of Annex II to Directive 2009/40/EC; 4.2.4.1.1. if point 8.2.1.2. (a) is selected by the manufacturer, the specific CO level given by the manufacturer shall be entered on the certificate of conformity; 4.2.4.1.2. If point 8.2.1.2. (b) (ii) is selected by the manufacturer, the highest CO limits (at engine idle: 0,5 %, at high idle: 0,3 %) shall apply. Footnote (6) to point 8.2.1.2. (b) (ii) shall not be applicable for vehicles in the scope of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The measured CO value in the Type II test procedure shall be entered on the certificate of conformity; 4.2.4.2. the maximum content obtained by continuously varying each of the adjustment components in turn while all other components are kept stable shall not exceed the limit value referred to in point 4.2.4.1. 4.2.5. The possible positions of the adjustment components shall be limited by any of the following: 4.2.5.1. the larger of the following two values: the lowest idling speed which the engine can reach; the speed recommended by the manufacturer, minus 100 revolutions per minute; 4.2.5.2. the smallest of the following three values: (a) the highest rotation speed which the crankshaft of the engine can attain by activation of the idling speed components; (b) the rotation speed recommended by the manufacturer, plus 250 revolutions per minute; (c) the cut-in rotation speed of automatic clutches. 4.2.6. Settings incompatible with the correct running of the engine shall not be adopted as measurement settings. In particular, if the engine is equipped with several carburettors, all the carburettors shall have the same setting. 4.3. The following parameters shall be measured and recorded at normal idling speed and at high idle speed: (a) the carbon monoxide (CO) content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted (in vol %); (b) the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted (in vol %); (c) hydrocarbons (HC) in ppm; (d) the oxygen (O 2 ) content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted (in vol %) or lambda, as chosen by the manufacturer; (e) the engine speed during the test, including any tolerances; (f) the engine oil temperature at the time of the test. Alternatively, for liquid cooled engines, the coolant temperature shall be acceptable. 4.3.1. With respect to the parameters under point 4.3. (d) the following shall apply: 4.3.1.1. the measurement shall only be conducted at high idle engine speed; 4.3.1.2. vehicles in the scope of this measurement are only those equipped with a closed loop fuel system; 4.3.1.3. exemptions for vehicle with: 4.3.1.3.1. engines equipped with a mechanically-controlled (spring, vacuum) secondary air system; 4.3.1.3.2. two-stroke engines operated on a mix of fuel and lubrication oil. 5. CO concentration calculation in the type II idle test 5.1. The CO (C CO ) and CO 2 (C CO 2 ) concentration shall be determined from the measuring instrument readings or recordings, by use of appropriate calibration curves. 5.2. The corrected concentration for carbon monoxide is: Equation 2-1: 5.3. The C CO concentration (see point 5.1.) shall be measured in accordance with the formulae in point 5.2. and does not need to be corrected if the total of the concentrations measured (C CO + C CO 2 ) is at least: (a) for petrol (E5): 15 percent; (b) for LPG: 13,5 percent; (c) for NG/biomethane: 11,5 percent. 6 Test type II – free acceleration test procedure 6.1. The combustion engine and any turbocharger or super-charger fitted shall be running at idle before the start of each free acceleration test cycle. 6.2. To initiate each free acceleration cycle, the throttle pedal shall be fully depressed quickly and continuously (in less than one second) but not violently, so as to obtain maximum delivery from the fuel pump. 6.3. During each free acceleration cycle, the engine shall reach cut-off speed or, for vehicles with automatic transmissions, the speed specified by the manufacturer or, if this data is not available, two-thirds of the cut-off speed, before the throttle is released. This could be checked, for instance, by monitoring engine speed or by allowing at least two seconds elapsing between initial throttle depression and release. 6.4. For vehicles equipped with CVT and automatic clutch, the driven wheels may be lifted from the ground. For engines with safety limits in the engine control (e.g. max 1 500 rpm without running wheels or without gear), this maximum engine speed shall be reached. 6.5. The average concentration level of the particulate matter (in m –1 ) in the exhaust flow (opacity) shall be measured during five free acceleration tests. Opacity means an optical measurement of the density of particulate matter in the exhaust flow of an engine, expressed in m –1 ; 7 Test type II – free acceleration test results and requirements 7.1. The test value measured in accordance with point 6.5 shall be in compliance with the requirements laid down in point 8.2.2.2. (b) of Annex II to Directive 2009/40/EC. 7.1.1. Footnote (7) to point 8.2.2.2. (b) shall not be applicable for vehicles in the scope of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. 7.1.2. The measured type II opacity test value shall be entered on the certificate of conformity. Alternatively the vehicle manufacturer may specify the appropriate opacity level and enter this limit on the certificate of conformity. 7.1.3. Vehicles in the scope of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 are exempted from the requirement to enter the opacity test value on the statutory plate. ( 1 ) OJ L 141, 6.6.2009, p. 12 .