ANNEX IXSupplementary provisions
ANNEX IX Reference Fuels 1. Technical data on fuels for testing compression-ignition engines 1.1. Type: Diesel (non-road gas-oil) Parameter Unit Limits ( 1 ) Test Method minimum maximum Cetane number ( 2 ) 45 56,0 EN-ISO 5165 Density at 15 °C kg/m 3 833 865 EN-ISO 3675 Distillation: 50 % point °C 245 — EN-ISO 3405 95 % point °C 345 350 EN-ISO 3405 — Final boiling point °C — 370 EN-ISO 3405 Flash point °C 55 — EN 22719 CFPP °C — – 5 EN 116 Viscosity at 40 °C mm 2 /s 2,3 3,3 EN-ISO 3104 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons % m/m 2,0 6,0 IP 391 Sulphur content ( 3 ) mg/kg — 10 ASTM D 5453 Copper corrosion — class 1 EN-ISO 2160 Conradson carbon residue (10 % DR) % m/m — 0,2 EN-ISO 10370 Ash content % m/m — 0,01 EN-ISO 6245 Total contamination mg/kg — 24 EN 12662 Water content % m/m — 0,02 EN-ISO 12937 Neutralization (strong acid) number mg KOH/g — 0,10 ASTM D 974 Oxidation stability ( 3 ) mg/ml — 0,025 EN-ISO 12205 Lubricity (HFRR wear scar diameter at 60 °C) μm — 400 CEC F-06-A-96 Oxidation stability at 110 °C ( 3 ) H 20,0 — EN 15751 FAME % v/v — 7,0 EN 14078 1.2. Type: Ethanol for dedicated compression ignition engines (ED95) ( 1 ) Parameter Unit Limits ( 4 ) Test method ( 5 ) Minimum Maximum Total alcohol (Ethanol incl. content on higher saturated alcohols) % m/m 92,4 EN 15721 Other higher saturated mono-alcohols (C 3 -C 5 ) % m/m 2,0 EN 15721 Methanol % m/m 0,3 EN 15721 Density 15 °C kg/m 3 793,0 815,0 EN ISO 12185 Acidity, calculated as acetic acid % m/m 0,0025 EN 15491 Appearance Bright and clear Flashpoint °C 10 EN 3679 Dry residue mg/kg 15 EN 15691 Water content % m/m 6,5 EN 15489 ( 6 ) EN-ISO 12937 EN15692 Aldehydes calculated as acetaldehyde % m/m 0,0050 ISO 1388-4 Esters calculated as ethylacetat % m/m 0,1 ASTM D1617 Sulphur content mg/kg 10,0 EN 15485 EN 15486 Sulphates mg/kg 4,0 EN 15492 Particulate contamination mg/kg 24 EN 12662 Phosphorus mg/l 0,20 EN 15487 Inorganic chloride mg/kg 1,0 EN 15484 or EN 15492 Copper mg/kg 0,100 EN 15488 Electrical Conductivity μS/cm 2,50 DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938 ( 1 ) Additives, such as cetane improver as specified by the engine manufacturer, may be added to the ethanol fuel, as long as no negative side effects are known. If these conditions are satisfied, the maximum allowed amount is 10 % m/m. 2. Technical data on fuels for testing spark ignition engines 2.1. Type: Petrol (E10) Parameter Unit Limits ( 7 ) Test method ( 8 ) Minimum Maximum Research octane number, RON 91,0 98,0 EN ISO 5164:2005 ( 9 ) Motor octane number, MON 83,0 89,0 EN ISO 5163:2005 ( 9 ) Density at 15 °C kg/m 3 743 756 EN ISO 3675 EN ISO 12185 Vapour pressure kPa 45,0 60,0 EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE) Water content Max 0,05 % v/v Appearance at – 7 °C: clear and bright EN 12937 Distillation: — evaporated at 70 °C % v/v 18,0 46,0 EN-ISO 3405 — evaporated at 100 °C % v/v 46,0 62,0 EN-ISO 3405 — evaporated at 150 °C % v/v 75,0 94,0 EN-ISO 3405 — final boiling point °C 170 210 EN-ISO 3405 Residue % v/v — 2,0 EN-ISO 3405 Hydrocarbon analysis: — olefins % v/v 3,0 18,0 EN 14517 EN 15553 — aromatics % v/v 19,5 35,0 EN 14517 EN 15553 — benzene % v/v — 1,0 EN 12177 EN 238, EN 14517 — saturates % v/v Report EN 14517 EN 15553 Carbon/hydrogen ratio Report Carbon/oxygen ratio Report Induction period ( 10 ) minutes 480 EN-ISO 7536 Oxygen content ( 11 ) % m/m 3,3 ( 14 ) 3,7 EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 Existent gum mg/ml — 0,04 EN-ISO 6246 Sulphur content ( 12 ) mg/kg — 10 EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 Copper corrosion (3h at 50 °C) rating — Class 1 EN-ISO 2160 Lead content mg/l — 5 EN 237 Phosphorus content ( 13 ) mg/l — 1,3 ASTM D 3231 Ethanol ( 10 ) % v/v 9,0 ( 14 ) 10,2 ( 14 ) EN 22854 2.2. Type: Ethanol (E85) Parameter Unit Limits ( 15 ) Test method Minimum Maximum Research octane number, RON 95,0 — EN ISO 5164 Motor octane number, MON 85,0 — EN ISO 5163 Density at 15 °C kg/m 3 Report ISO 3675 Vapour pressure kPa 40,0 60,0 EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE) Sulphur content ( 16 ) mg/kg — 10 EN 15485 or EN 15486 Oxidation stability Minutes 360 EN ISO 7536 Existent gum content (solvent washed) mg/100ml — 5 EN-ISO 6246 Appearance This shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 °C whichever is higher Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants Visual inspection Ethanol and higher alcohols ( 17 ) % v/v 83 85 EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 E DIN 51627-3 Higher alcohols (C 3 -C 8 ) % v/v — 2,0 E DIN 51627-3 Methanol % v/v 1,00 E DIN 51627-3 Petrol ( 18 ) % v/v Balance EN 228 Phosphous mg/l 0,20 ( 19 ) EN 15487 Water content % v/v 0,300 EN 15489 or EN 15692 Inorganic chloride content mg/l 1 EN 15492 pHe 6,5 9,0 EN 15490 Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 °C) Rating Class 1 EN ISO 2160 Acidity, (as acetic acid CH 3 COOH) % m/m (mg/l) — 0,0050 (40) EN 15491 Electric Conductivity μS/cm 1,5 DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938 Carbon/hydrogen ratio Report Carbon/oxygen ration Report 3. Technical data on gaseous fuels for single-fuel and dual-fuel engines 3.1. Type: LPG Parameter Unit Fuel A Fuel B Test method Composition: EN 27941 C 3 -content % v/v 30 ± 2 85 ± 2 C 4 -content % v/v Balance ( 20 ) Balance ( 20 ) < C 3 , > C 4 % v/v Maximum 2 Maximum 2 Olefins % v/v Maximum 12 Maximum 15 Evaporation residue mg/kg Maximum 50 Maximum 50 EN 15470 Water at 0 °C Free Free EN 15469 Total sulphur content including odorant mg/kg Maximum 10 Maximum 10 EN 24260, ASTM D 3246, ASTM 6667 Hydrogen sulphide None None EN ISO 8819 Copper strip corrosion (1h at 40 °C) Rating Class 1 Class 1 ISO 6251 ( 21 ) Odour Characteristic Characteristic Motor octane number ( 22 ) Minimum 89,0 Minimum 89,0 EN 589 Annex B 3.2. Type: Natural Gas/ Biomethane 3.2.1. Specification for reference fuels supplied with fixed properties (e.g. from a sealed container) As an alternative to the reference fuels set out in this point, the equivalent fuels in point 3.2.2 may be used Characteristics Units Basis Limits Test method minimum maximum Reference fuel G R Composition: Methane 87 84 89 Ethane 13 11 15 Balance ( 1 ) % mole — — 1 ISO 6974 Sulphur content mg/m 3 ( 2 ) — 10 ISO 6326-5 Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at standard conditions 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. Reference fuel G 23 Composition: Methane 92,5 91,5 93,5 Balance ( 1 ) % mole — — 1 ISO 6974 N 2 % mole 7,5 6,5 8,5 Sulphur content mg/m 3 ( 2 ) — — 10 ISO 6326-5 Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. Reference fuel G 25 Composition: Methane % mole 86 84 88 Balance ( 1 ) % mole — — 1 ISO 6974 N 2 % mole 14 12 16 Sulphur content mg/m 3 ( 2 ) — — 10 ISO 6326-5 Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. Reference fuel G 20 Composition: Methane % mole 100 99 100 ISO 6974 Balance ( 23 ) % mole — — 1 ISO 6974 N 2 % mole ISO 6974 Sulphur content mg/m 3 ( 24 ) — — 10 ISO 6326-5 Wobbe Index (net) MJ/m 3 ( 25 ) 48,2 47,2 49,2 3.2.2. Specification for reference fuel supplied from a pipeline with admixture of other gases with gas properties determined by on-site measurement As an alternative to the reference fuels in this point the equivalent reference fuels in point 3.2.1 may be used. 3.2.2.1. The basis of each pipeline reference fuel (G R , G 20 , …) shall be gas drawn from a utility gas distribution network, blended, where necessary to meet the corresponding lambda-shift (S λ ) specification in Table 9.1, with an admixture of one or more of the following commercially ( 26 ) available gases: (a) Carbon dioxide; (b) Ethane; (c) Methane; (d) Nitrogen; (e) Propane. 3.2.2.2. The value of S λ of the resulting blend of pipeline gas and admixture gas shall be within the range specified in Table 9.1 for the specified reference fuel. Table 9.1 Required range of S λ for each reference fuel Reference fuel Minimum S λ Maximum S λ G R ( 27 ) 0,87 0,95 G 20 0,97 1,03 G 23 1,05 1,10 G 25 1,12 1,20 3.2.2.3. The engine test report for each test run shall include the following: (a) The admixture gas(es) chosen from the list in point 3.2.2.1; (b) The value of S λ for the resulting fuel blend; (c) The Methane Number (MN) of the resulting fuel blend. 3.2.2.4. The requirements of Appendices 1 and 2 shall be met in respect to determination of the properties of the pipeline and admixture gases, the determination of S λ and MN for the resulting gas blend, and the verification that the blend was maintained during the test. 3.2.2.5. In the case that one or more of the gas streams (pipeline gas or admixture gas(es)) contain CO 2 in greater than a de minimus proportion, the calculation of specific CO 2 emissions in Annex VII shall be corrected according to Appendix 3. ( 1 ) The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 ‘Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels should nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify the questions as to whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 should be applied. ( 2 ) The range for the cetane number is not in accordance with the requirements of a minimum range of 4R. However, in the case of a dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms of ISO 4259 may be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to archive the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations. ( 3 ) Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice should be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life. ( 4 ) The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. ( 5 ) Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above. ( 6 ) Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of EN 15489 shall be applied. ( 7 ) The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. ( 8 ) Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above. ( 9 ) A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. ( 10 ) The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added. ( 11 ) Ethanol meeting the specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. ( 12 ) The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 1 test shall be reported. ( 13 ) There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. ( 14 ) The ethanol content and corresponding oxygen content may be zero for engines of category SMB at the choice of the manufacturer. In this case all testing of the engine family, or engine type where no family exists, shall be conducted using petrol with zero ethanol content. ( 15 ) The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. ( 16 ) The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the emission tests shall be reported. ( 17 ) Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel. ( 18 ) The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the % content of water, alcohols, MTBE and ETBE. ( 19 ) There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. ( 20 ) Balance shall be read as follows: balance = 100 – C 3 – < C 3 – > C 4 . ( 21 ) This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited. ( 22 ) At the request of the engine manufacturer, a higher MON could be used to perform the type approval tests. ( 23 ) Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2 +. ( 24 ) Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. ( 25 ) Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa. ( 26 ) The use of calibration gas for this purpose shall not be required. ( 27 ) The engine shall not be required to be tested on a gas blend with a Methane Number (MN) less than 70. In the case that the required range of S λ for G R would result in an MN less than 70 the value of S λ for G R may be adjusted as necessary until a value of MN no less than 70 is attained.