Automatic and manual frequency restoration process
Article 145
1. Each TSO of each LFC area shall implement an automatic frequency restoration process (‘aFRP’) and a manual frequency restoration process (‘mFRP’). 2. By 2 years after entry into force of this regulation, the TSOs of GB and IE/NI synchronous areas may each submit a proposal to their competent regulatory authorities requesting not to implement an aFRP. Those proposals shall include a cost-benefit analysis demonstrating that implementation of an aFRP would lead to higher costs than benefits. In case the proposal is approved by the competent regulatory authorities, the respective TSOs and regulatory authorities shall re-evaluate such decision at least every 4 years. 3. If an LFC area consists of more than one monitoring area, all TSOs of the LFC area shall set out a process for the implementation of an aFRP and an mFRP in the LFC area operational agreement. Where an LFC block consists of more than one LFC area, all TSOs of the LFC areas shall set out a process for the implementation of an mFRP in the LFC block operational agreement. 4. The aFRP shall be operated in a closed-loop manner where the FRCE is an input and the setpoint for automatic FRR activation is an output. The setpoint for automatic FRR activation shall be calculated by a single frequency restoration controller operated by a TSO within its LFC area. For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the frequency restoration controller shall: (a) be an automatic control device designed to reduce the FRCE to zero; (b) have proportional-integral behaviour; (c) have a control algorithm which prevents the integral term of a proportional-integral controller from accumulating the control error and overshooting; and (d) have functionalities for extraordinary operational modes for the alert and emergency states. 5. The mFRP shall be operated through instructions for manual FRR activation in order to fulfil the control target in accordance with Article 143(1). 6. In addition to the aFRP implementation in the LFC areas, all TSOs of an LFC block which consists of more than one LFC area shall have the right to appoint one TSO of the LFC block in the LFC block operational agreement to: (a) calculate and monitor the FRCE of the whole LFC block; and (b) take the FRCE of the whole LFC block into account for the calculation of the setpoint value for aFRR activation in accordance with Article 143(3) in addition to the FRCE of its LFC area.