ANNEX VISupplementary provisions
ANNEX VI THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE COPERNICUS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1. SCOPE The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) shall provide all authorised actors throughout the world involved in the management of natural disasters, man-made emergency situations, and humanitarian crises with timely and accurate geo-spatial information derived from satellite remote sensing and completed by available in situ or open data sources. The service shall provide maps and analyses based on satellite imagery (before, during or after a crisis) as well as early warning services for drought, flood and fire risks. The service shall support crisis managers, civil protection authorities and humanitarian aid actors dealing with natural and man-made disasters, humanitarian crises, as well as those involved in recovery, disaster risk reduction and preparedness activities. 2. USER REQUIREMENTS AND MAIN DOMAINS OF APPLICATION The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) shall offer a range of benefits to users in the fields of emergency response, crisis management, humanitarian aid, and disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and prevention and provides useful and timely information mainly to civil protection authorities and humanitarian aid agencies. 3. SERVICE ARCHITECTURE CEMS shall be based on two components: the mapping service and the early warning systems. (1) The Mapping Component The Mapping Component shall support all phases of the emergency management cycle: preparedness, prevention, disaster risk reduction, emergency response and recovery. The CEMS Mapping service shall operate in rush mode for emergency management activities which require immediate response or non-rush mode, to support emergency management activities not related to immediate response. The service shall be provided in two modules. (a) Rapid mapping (RM) shall provide high-speed service delivery in the midst of or immediately after catastrophic events or humanitarian crises, and is available 24/7/365. This service shall deliver maps (and analyses) within hours or days, immediately following a catastrophic event. The service shall be based on the rapid acquisition, processing and analysis of satellite imagery and other geo-spatial data, and provides users with products in the form of maps and brief analyses. (b) Risk & recovery mapping (RRM) shall be designed for pre- or post-crisis situations in support of recovery, disaster risk reduction, prevention, and preparedness activities. RRM shall deliver maps (and analyses) within weeks or months, in support of activities dealing with the recovery, disaster risk reduction, prevention, and preparedness phases. Information for different hazards on the exposure, vulnerability and resilience of people and buildings can be requested. A dedicated validation component shall be used for the independent verification of a sample of service outputs produced by the RM and RRM modules, with the aim of continuously improving the quality of the service. (2) The early warning component shall deliver alerts and risk assessments of floods, forest fires and droughts. The service shall be based on three main modules. (a) The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) providing flood probability forecasts for all European rivers. EFAS shall provide added-value early flood forecasting products and unique overview products of ongoing and forecasted floods in Europe more than 3 days in advance. (b) The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) shall be a web-based geographic information system that provides fire danger forecasts up to 10 days in advance and near real-time and historical information on forest fires and their regimes in the European, Middle East and North Africa regions. Fire monitoring in EFFIS shall encompass the full fire cycle and the service shall provide information both on pre-fire conditions and post-fire damages. EFFIS shall be extended towards a Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS). (c) The European Drought Observatory (EDO) shall be streamlined with other Copernicus EMS early warning modules. It shall use data from the meteorological data collection for EFAS and EFFIS and the outputs of the EFAS distributed hydrological model in terms of soil moisture and river flows. These products shall be then further processed into drought-relevant indicators and combined with satellite-based indicators on vegetation condition. The Global Drought Observatory (GDO) shall provide sector specific indicators of drought impact across the globe as well as targeted analysis reports for on-going droughts. 3.1. Product Dissemination The information produced by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service shall be available to the public on a full, open and free of-charge basis via its dedicated public web portal. Under exceptional circumstances, dissemination restrictions may be imposed for security reasons or the protection of third party rights. For mapping products, the ERCC shall perform a sensitivity check and, if cleared, the products will be made available on the CEMS portal. If the activation and the products are deemed sensitive however, the service provider shall notify the authorised user by email about the availability of the products on the secure file transfer (sftp) server (password restricted). 4. TECHNICAL SERVICE PORTFOLIO (1) CEMS — Rapid Mapping products The user shall have a choice between three different map types. (a) Reference maps shall provide a quick updated knowledge on the territory and assets using data prior to the disaster. The content shall consist of selected topographic features on the affected area, in particular exposed assets and other available information that can assist the users in their specific crisis management tasks. (b) Delineation maps shall provide an assessment of the event extent (and of its evolution if requested). Delineation maps shall be derived from satellite post-disaster images. They vary depending on the disaster type and the delineation of the areas impacted by the disaster. (c) Grading maps shall provide an assessment of the damage grade (and of its evolution if requested). Grading maps shall be derived from post-event satellite images. Grading maps shall include the extent, magnitude or damage grades specific to each disaster type. They may also provide relevant and up-to-date information that is specific to affected population and assets. (2) CEMS – Risk and Recovering Mapping Products This service shall consist of the on-demand provision of geospatial information. This information shall support emergency management activities not related to the immediate response phase. The shall be able to request products in two ways: choosing from a pre-defined set of detailed topographic features (in particular regarding infrastructures) and disaster risk information (hazard, exposure, risk) or describing in free text the information needs specific to the given situation and type of product wanted. The following product categories shall be available: (a) reference maps providing a comprehensive and updated knowledge of the territory and relevant assets in a disaster risk reduction context; (b) pre-disaster situation maps providing relevant and up-to-date thematic information that can help planning for contingencies on areas vulnerable to hazards, aiming to minimise loss of life and damage; (c) post-disaster situation maps providing relevant and up-to-date thematic information for the needs of reconstruction planning and progress monitoring, mapping long-term impact. Maps referred to in points a, b and c shall be updated frequently. The maps shall contain the following information: (a) topographic features on areas vulnerable to hazards, in particular regarding infrastructures; (b) disaster risk information; (c) other available information that can assist users in their specific crisis managements planning activities, such as providing protection from potential disasters, including engineering and other protective measures, taking legislative measures, awareness raising campaign. (3) CEMS – EFAS EFAS shall provide complementary, early warning flood information to National/Regional Hydrological Services and to the European Response and Coordination Centre (ERCC). EFAS shall include the following modules providing data up to 10 days in advance: (a) Flood Forecasting: providing early warning information on a Pan-European and Global level; (b) Flood Warning providing information including warnings such as Flash flood warnings; (c) Flood Monitoring: monitoring ongoing floods. (4) CEMS – EFFIS EFFIS shall support the protection of forests against fires in the Union by providing four modules from pre-fire to post-fire phases. (a) Fire Danger Assessment: Providing Pan-European and Global data supporting fire prevention and preparedness. Daily maps of 1 to 6 days projected fire danger level in EU using weather forecast data. The module shall be active from 1st of March to 31st of October; (b) Active Fire Mapping: Providing Pan-European and Global data supporting firefighting. Daily maps of active fires providing a synoptic view of current fires in the world; (c) Rapid Damage Assessment: Providing Pan-European post-fire evaluation data. Daily update of the perimeters of burnt areas in Europe for fires of about 40 ha or larger; (d) Weekly Damage Assessment: Providing Pan-European post-fire evaluation data. Weekly update of the perimeters of burnt areas in Europe. (5) CEMS — European Drought Observatory (EDO) EDO shall provide four modules for communicating water scarcity and drought. (a) Monitoring and mapping module: allowing the visualisation of the spatial and temporal evolution of droughts using different indicators for rainfall, snow pack, temperature, soil moisture, groundwater, river flow, and vegetation health. Indicators shall be calculated from in-situ measurements (meteorological data, groundwater), model outputs (soil moisture, river flow), and satellite data (vegetation stress, soil moisture, land surface temperatures). Selected indicators shall be combined into alert levels for agriculture and ecosystem impacts; (b) Forecasting module: providing forecasts of selected drought indicators; (c) Data analysis module: allowing analyses and comparisons of temporal profiles of available indicators, their spatial comparison, and their aggregation to administrative units; (d) Analytical reports for significant drought events, analysing their extent and severity, as well as the potential impacts. 5. DATA NEEDS 5.1. Satellite –Based and In-Situ Observation The majority of the geospatial information provided by the mapping component of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) shall be derived from satellite remote sensing data and completed by available in situ or open data sources. The satellite imagery shall be provided through the Copernicus Contributing missions (CCMs) as well as Sentinel 1 and 2 observations ensuring the whole range of observational requirements needed. In-situ data for the mapping component shall be provided through open source and/or data made available by the national mapping and cadaster agencies (NMCA) in line with a bilateral agreement between NMCA's and the EEA. The early warning component of CEMS shall use of all the available imagery from the Sentinels satellites, currently Sentinel-1 and Sentinel -2 (forest fire) and Sentinel 3. Due to the need of high frequency data acquisition for its near-real time assessment of fire damages, use is also made of other sensors such as MODIS and VIIRS for medium spatial resolution and a suit of high-spatial resolution imagery from Landsat, SPOT and IRS satellites, among other. Variables such as snow water equivalent and soil moisture which are used in the floods early warning component shall be derived from sensors on board the Metop and DMSP satellites. In situ data shall include airborne (such as aircraft and UAV) observations. For the early warning component the in situ component shall comprehend hydro-meteorological observations from the relevant national and regional authorities.