s 2 Interpretation
(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires— “agent”, in relation to a vessel includes chinchew and comprador; “aircraft” includes any kind of craft which may be used for the conveyance of passengers or goods by air; “collection station” means a customs warehouse established in Singapore under subsection 63(2); “computer” has the meaning assigned thereto in section 3 of the Evidence Act 1950 [Act 56]; “customs airport” means any place which has been prescribed as a customs airport; “customs duty” means any import duty, export duty, surtax, surcharge or cess imposed by or under this Act, any countervailing duty or anti-dumping duty imposed by or under the Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties Act 1993 [Act 504] and includes any royalty payable in lieu of an export duty under any written law, or a contract, lease or agreement to which the Federal Government or the Government of any State is a party or to which such Government has consented; “customs port” means any port prescribed to be a customs port; “customs warehouse” means a warehouse or other place established by the Minister under subsection 63(1) for the deposit of dutiable goods; “denatured” means effectually rendered unfit for human consumption to the satisfaction of the Director General; “Director General” means the Director General of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(1); “document” has the meaning assigned thereto in section 3 of the Evidence Act 1950; “dutiable goods” means all goods subject to the payment of customs duty and on which such duty has not yet been paid; “duty free shop” means any place licensed for the warehousing and sale of dutiable goods free of duty under section 65D; “electronic data interchange” means the transfer, from computer to computer, of commercial and administrative transactions using an agreed message standard to structure the data pertaining to a transaction; “export” with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions means to take or cause to be taken out of Malaysia, by land, sea or air or to place any goods in a vessel, conveyance or aircraft for the purpose of such goods being taken out of Malaysia by land, sea or air; “export by air” includes exportation in any manner or by any means by air; “export by road” includes exportation in any manner or by any means by land, and includes, in particular, exportation through the land by means of a pipeline; “export by sea” includes exportation in any manner or by any means by sea, and includes, in particular, exportation through the sea by means of a pipeline; “exporter” includes any person by whom any goods (including goods transferred from an importing aircraft or ship) are exported from Malaysia or supplied for use as aircraft’s or ship’s stores, and also the owner, or any person acting on his behalf, and any person who for customs purposes signs any document relating to goods exported or intended for exportation or supplied or intended for supply as aircraft’s or ship’s stores as aforesaid; “Financial Authority” in relation to Sabah and Sarawak means any person appointed by the Minister, by notification in the appropriate Gazette, to exercise under the directions of the Minister any function which the Minister is empowered or required by this Act to exercise in Sabah or Sarawak; “goods” includes animals, birds, fish, plants and all kinds of movable property; “hover” in the case of a vessel in territorial waters means to linger without apparent lawful purpose, whether such vessel be moving or not moving; “import” with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions means to bring or cause to be brought into Malaysia by land, sea or air: Provided that goods bona fide in transit, including goods for transhipment, shall not, for the purpose of levy of customs duties, be deemed to be imported unless they are or become uncustomed goods; “import by air” includes importation in any manner or by any means by air; “import by road” includes importation in any manner or by any means by land, and includes, in particular, importation through the land by means of a pipeline; “import by sea” includes importation in any manner or by any means by sea, and includes, in particular, importation through the sea by means of a pipeline; “importer” includes and applies to any owner or other person for the time being possessed of or beneficially interested in any goods at and from the time of importation thereof until such goods are duly removed from customs control; “inland clearance depot” means a common-user inland facility equipped with fixed installations and offering services for handling and temporary storage of any kind of goods carried by land and placed under customs control; “intoxicating liquor” includes any alcohol, or any liquid containing more than two per centum of proof spirit, which is fit or intended to be or which can by any means be converted for use as a beverage; “in transit” means taken or sent from any country and brought into Malaysia by land, sea or air (whether or not landed or transhipped in Malaysia) for the sole purpose of being carried to another country either by the same or another conveyance; “Joint Development Area” has the meaning assigned thereto in section 2 of the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority Act 1990; “legal landing place” means any place which has been prescribed as a legal place for the landing and shipping of goods; “licensed carrier” means a person approved by the Director General to operate vehicles by road for the carriage of any goods in transit or any dutiable goods under this Act or under the Excise Act 1976 [Act 176]; “licensed warehouse” means a warehouse or other place licensed for the warehousing of dutiable goods under section 65; “local craft” means any junk, tongkang, perahu, kumpit or other similar type of vessel, and any steam or motor vessel under seventyfive net registered tons; “manufacture” means: (a) in the case of intoxicating liquors, distilling, brewing, fermenting, bottling of intoxicating liquor, and includes the addition of any substance (other than water) to any intoxicating liquor and the blending, compounding and varying of intoxicating liquors with intent that the compound so formed shall be sold for human consumption, but excluding any such compound prepared at the order of the purchaser, and for his immediate consumption; (b) in the case of tobacco, any process converting any raw or leaf tobacco into tobacco fit for smoking, snuffing or chewing, and includes the making of cigarettes from manufactured tobacco; (c) in the case of petroleum, refining, compounding and includes the addition of any foreign substance; and (d) in other cases, the conversion by manual or mechanical means of organic or inorganic materials into a new product by changing the size, shape, composition, nature or quality of such materials and includes the assembly of parts into a piece of machinery or other products, but does not include the installation of machinery or equipment for the purpose of construction; “master” means any person (except a pilot or harbour master) having for the time being control or charge of a vessel; “Officer of customs” means: (a) the Director General; (b) any Deputy Director General of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(1); (c) any Assistant Director General, Director, Senior Assistant Director and Assistant Director of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(1); (d) any Senior Superintendent, Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(4); (e) any Chief Customs Officer, Senior Customs Officer or Customs Officer appointed under section 4; (f) any police officer; “owner” in respect of goods includes any person (other than an officer of customs acting in his official capacity) being or holding himself out to be the owner, importer, exporter, consignee, agent or person in possession of, or beneficially interested in, or having any control of, or power of disposition over, the goods; “owner” in respect of a ship includes every person acting as agent for the owner or who receives freight or other charges payable in respect of the ship; “Peninsular Malaysia” has the meaning assigned thereto in section 3 of the Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967 [Act 388], and includes the Federal Territory. “petroleum” means any mineral oil or relative hydrocarbon in its solid, liquid or gaseous form existing in its natural condition and includes casing head petroleum spirit, bituminous shales, other stratified deposits from which oil can be extracted commercially and petroleum products obtained from the process of manufacture; “pilot of an aircraft” means every person having or taking command or charge of an aircraft; “preventive vessel” means any vessel employed for the prevention of smuggling or for any other purpose relating to the customs and includes a vessel owned and employed for the prevention of smuggling by the Government of Singapore; “prohibited goods” means goods the import or export of which his prohibited, either absolutely or conditionally by an order under section 31 or by any other written law; “proper officer of customs” means any officer of customs acting in the fulfilment of his duties under this Act, whether such duties are assigned to him specially or generally, or expressly or by implication; “road” includes any prescribed land route; “sea” includes inland waters; “senior officer of customs” means: (a) the Director General; (b) any Deputy Director General of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(1); (c) any Assistant Director General, Director, Senior Assistant Director and Assistant Director of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(1); (d) any Senior Superintendent, Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent of Customs and Excise appointed under subsection 3(4); (e) any officer of customs invested with the powers of a senior officer of customs under subsection 3(5) or section 5; (f) any police officer having the powers of a senior officer of customs by virtue of section 8; “sufferance wharf” means any place other than an approved place of loading or unloading at which the senior officer of customs may, in his discretion, and under such conditions and in such manner as he may direct, either generally or in any particular case, allow any goods to be loaded or unloaded; “territorial waters” means the territorial waters of Malaysia; “uncustomed goods” means goods in respect of which a breach of the provisions of this Act or of any subsidiary legislation made thereunder has been committed; “value” in relation to imported goods means customs value as determined under subsection 142(35B); “value” in relation to goods to be exported means the price which an exporter would receive for the goods calculated to the stage where such goods are released by Customs at the place of export; (1A) For the purposes of this Act (other than section 31), a free zone shall be deemed to be a place outside Malaysia. In this subsection, the expression “free zone” has the meaning assigned to it under section 2 of the Free Zones Act 1990 [Act 438]. (2) For the purpose of this Act, goods shall be deemed to be under customs control whilst they are deposited or held in any customs or licensed warehouse, post office, or in any vessel, train, conveyance, aircraft, pipeline or place from which they may not be removed except with the permission of the proper officer of customs.