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Act No. 190 Section 322

Secondary evidence of writing in custody of adverse party.

Section 322

SEC. 322. Secondary evidence of writing in custody of adverse party. — If the writing be in the custody of the adverse party, he must have reasonable notice to produce it. If he then fail to do so, the contents of the writing may be proved as in the case of its loss. But the notice to produce it is not necessary where the writing is itself a notice, or where it has been wrongfully obtained or withheld by the adverse party.

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Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of 2026-07-04

CitationAct No. 190 Section 322 (LawPlayer, data as of 2026-07-04)

Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).

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