Proof of writing.
Section 324
SEC. 324. Proof of writing. — Any writing may be proved, either: 1. By anyone who saw the writing executed; or 2. By evidence of the genuineness of the handwriting of the maker; or 3. By a subscribing witness.
Act No. 190 Section 324
Other provisions in CHAPTER X
- Section 319: Effect of a seal.
- Section 320: Historical works, books of science, and maps.
- Section 321: Secondary evidence of the contents of a lost writing.
- Section 322: Secondary evidence of writing in custody of adverse party.
- Section 323: Party calling for writing not bound to offer it as evidence.
- Section 325: Denial of execution by subscribing witness.
- Section 326: When other evidence of the execution of writing need not be produced.
- Section 327: Proof of handwriting.
- Section 328: Writings of a deceased person.
- Section 329: What are original entries.
CitationAct No. 190 Section 324 (LawPlayer, data as of 2026-07-04)
Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).
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