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PD 442 Article 294

Unfair Labor Practices of Employers.

Article 294

ART. 294. Unfair Labor Practices of Employers. — It shall be unfair labor practice for an employer: To interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization; To require as a condition of employment that a person or an employee shall not join a labor organization or shall withdraw from one to which he belongs; To contract out services or functions being performed by union members when such will interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization; To initiate, dominate, assist or otherwise interfere with the formation or administration of any labor organization, including the giving of financial or other support to it; To discriminate in regard to wages, hours of work, and other terms and conditions of employment in order to encourage or discourage membership in any labor organization. Nothing in this Code or in other laws shall stop the parties from requiring membership in a recognized collective bargaining agent as a condition for employment, except those employees who are already members of another union at the time of the signing of the collective bargaining agreement. Employees of an appropriate collective bargaining unit who are not members of the recognized collective bargaining agent may be assessed a reasonable fee equivalent to the dues and other fees paid by members of the recognized collective bargaining agent, except those employees who are already members of smother union at the time the collective bargaining agreement is signed; To dismiss, discharge, or otherwise prejudice or discriminate against an employee for having given or being about to give testimony under this Code; To violate the duty to bargain collectively as prescribed by this Code; To pay negotiations or attorney's fees to the union or its officers or agents as part of the settlement of any issue in collective bargaining or any other dispute; To violate or refuse to comply with voluntary arbitration awards or decisions relating to the implementation or interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement; and Any violation of a collective bargaining agreement.

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Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗ · Data as of July 4, 2026

CitationPD 442 Article 294 (LawPlayer, data as of July 4, 2026)

Source: Supreme Court E-Library, Republic of the Philippines. Philippine laws are public documents (works of the government).

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