Article 34
1. The following are incompatible with the proper functioning of the Agreement, in so far as they may affect trade between the Community and Egypt: (i) all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices between undertakings which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition; (ii) abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position in the territories of the Community or Egypt as a whole or in a substantial part thereof; (iii) any public aid which distorts, or threatens to distort, competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods. 2. The Association Council shall, within five years of the entry into force of the Agreement, adopt by decision the necessary rules for the implementation of paragraph 1. Until these rules are adopted, the provisions of Article 23 shall be applied as regards the implementation of paragraph 1(iii). 3. Each Party shall ensure transparency in the area of public aid, inter alia, by reporting annually to the other Party on the total amount and the distribution of the aid given and by providing, upon request, information on aid schemes. Upon request by one Party, the other Party shall provide information on particular individual cases of public aid. 4. With regard to agricultural products referred to in Title II, Chapter 2, paragraph 1(iii) does not apply. The WTO Agreement on Agriculture and the relevant provisions on WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties shall apply with regard to these products. 5. If the Community or Egypt considers that a particular practice is incompatible with the terms of paragraph 1, and: — is not adequately dealt with under the implementing rules referred to in paragraph 2, or — in the absence of such rules, and if such practice causes, or threatens to cause, serious prejudice to the interest of the other Party or material injury to its domestic industry, including its services industry. It may take appropriate measures after consultation within the Association Committee or after 30 working days following referral for such consultation. With reference to practices incompatible with paragraph 1(iii), such appropriate measures, when the WTO rules are applicable to them, may only be adopted in accordance with the procedures and under the conditions laid down by the WTO or by any other relevant instrument negotiated under its auspices and applicable to the Parties. 6. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary adopted in conformity with paragraph 2, the Parties shall exchange information taking into account the limitations imposed by the requirements of professional and business secrecy.