(1) This Ordinance ma be .cited as the Children Short title and Young Persons Ordina ce, 1947, and shall come and com- . mto f orce on sueh day as t he Governor may, by mencement. notification in the Gazette, a point. 4 M a,/l, ,tP-,lf-1 /1~ euA-" , i ,tr, .~ 3/~;7
(2) The Governor may a point different da~s. for the coming into force of diffe ent Parts and prov1S10ns of this Ordinance. ·
Act 232
Children and Young Persons Act 1947
Akta kanak-kanak dan orang muda 1947
This legislation has been repealed. Do not cite it as law in force.
Sections 4–5, 8 and 10 and others were repealed by later amendments.
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(1) In this Ordinance and in any rules ma1e I?terpretathereunder, unless there is something repugnant 1n two. the subject or context- " child" means-
(a) in the case of a per on emp~oyed or ~ngaged to take part in ny pubhc e~terta1nmen.. a person under he age of sixteen years; and
(b) in the case of a tr nsferred child, a female d th age fourteen years save as ~tlie~~isee provi ed in Part III; and ". (c) 1n . th r case any o e ·, person under the age of , four teen years; l , , • • ns the Commissioner for • , , · /M. L Comm1s.s1oner ~ea d uch other officers as the j ~~i./s8 G!bour, Malayan Un1?n an. sin the Gazette. declare t ,·ernoi may, by rrot1ficat1 f the powers conferred
· t l" o be ve~ted. with all or any Commissioner by this ;nd. duties imposed upo n t de thereunder; rd1nance or by any rues 1 ma . ) )
No. 3·3 OF 1947. ,, and ''eroplo ment '' used in ref "e~ploy oung person mean employment~nCI! 111 to a cluld or ¥sed by way o a trade or for the an lab0 W: ex:rether the ga. be to the child 0 utrPose~ of gain, o an f other person; . . .. y "entertainment". inclu es an exh1b~tion or per .· b t does not mclud any entertamment gi for. ft:;eup1ls of any regist red school at ?r und!:~ty . es of such school ; and a person 1s deem d e take part in an. enterta1. _ment_ wh.en such person ausp1c e to, employed in, or m connec 10n with such entert!},inme~: whether as a performer stage hand, musician 0 otherwise howsoever; r "Ga.zej~.:....I~l!RS-tt~f1tit11t~~t::rflieiK~~~t ,. 3 3 'l,/si .G-azgftc 'r ''guardian'' in relation _to a chil~ ?r young person includes any person who, In the op1n1on of the Court having cognizance ?f a~y ase in relation to the child, or in which the child IS oncerned, has, for the time being, the charge of, or co trol over the child or young person; "legal guardian" in r lation to a child or young person means a person la fully appointed by deed or will or by the order of a competent Court to be the :n )./.r R gu..a~ ..that child or young person; ''p~ace of safety'' mea s any place or institutio~ appointed to be such nder section 34 of this Ordin~nc~ or. a~y other s itable place, the o~cupier of which is willing tempo arily tq r~ceive JJ, c~ ld ·~ ,,,.. "P t .,, -7J~ I I rq ector includes he · le · · #.14l,;. 't'-J ~n ~Wiee~P , Malayan Union, '"""' nx Area Welfare O:ffic~r, r:: , . su~h other officers as t e 1:!.onep:eor may by notificationf in the Gazette, dee are ' · h 11 or X.CKto rbe vested wit • ,,~J. a :nf o tthe powers conferr d and duties imposed upodn ti ri l'f' • thereund ro ector. by th·18 or d'1 nee or by any ru1es Dla e
er, . ''public entert . '' . . 0 t to which the p bl :i,mment means an entertaJJJJll 110 ~ is admitted ic or an section of the pub whether fo; ~~~?nl:lectiO with which any cha1:y O
:u scription rec~ived at such entert,a,Jll collection or b is_srnn or not is made to, or · . ment from · "t i ' ny of the au ience'· ransferred h. ' 8 s defined in sectio~ {~d' m~ans a transferred child ,, O th is Ordinance ;
, CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS. ,., , 'young person means
(a) in the case of a per
to take part in a n emp_1oyed or engaged Y pubhc entertainment, a person who as att . d s~xteen years a d is !~~:r t~e age o~ . eighteen years; nd t e age of
(b) in any other case, a person who has attained the agfe ?fhfourte n years and is under the age o e1g teen ears.
(2) For the purposes of t is Ordinance a erson shall be ~eeme~ to.have reach d any specified agf when he l~afs, s1n~e hd b1rth,d~ompl ted that number- of years. of 1 e rec one accor 1ng to the Gregorian calendar.
I . PART
WELFA E.
(1) If any person over t e age of fourteen years, Punishment who has the custody, charge or care of any child or £or ci:uelty any person over the age of ei hteen years who has'the !~dch;~~; custody ch_arge or care of an young person, wilfully persorut. assaults, ill-treats, neglects abandons or exposes su?h child or young person o. causes or procures such child or young person to ·b assaulted, ill-treated, neglected, abandoned or exp sed, in a manner likely to cause such child or yo ng person U:Q.necessary suffering or injury to his he 1th (including injury to or loss of sight, or hearing, r limb, or organ of the body, and any mental derang ment), that person shall be guilty of an offence, and li ble to imprisonment for a term which may extend to t o years or to a fine not exceeding one thousand doll rs, or to both sU:ch imprisonment and fine, and f r the purposes of this section a parent or other erson legally liab~.e to maintain ·a child or . young p so~ shall be d~.e ~e~ to have neglected him in a mann r likely to cause 1nJ~ry to his health, if he wilful y neglects to I?rovide adequate food, clothing, med cal aid, or lodging for the child or young person . . ~2) A person may he convi ted of an offence _under , ~h~s section, notwithstanding hat actual suffer~ng or ~nJury to health, or the likeli od of su~h ·suffering or · lUJury to health, was obviated y the action of another Person A · \3) person ·m ay be convic ed of an offence under this sect10n, notwithstanding the death of the chi~d or young person in respect whom the offence is . committed.
A . _. - . No. 3·3 OF 1947. '. the trial of a person over th
(4) Upon rs charged wi culpable homic~ age 0 four teen y~aro he had the c stody, charge or 1de of child of w ~al of any perso over t~e. age of e~are, or ! upon th~ tried with culpa le hom1c1de of a ighteell. -years c f~hom he had the usto~y, ch~rge or c Yollng persllonb o lawful for the C urt, if satisfied th are, it sha de . guilty of an off nee under this sect~t the accuse 1s .d 1011 · t of such chil or ung person, to find in respecd guilty of such offen e. accuse the
Begging. 4. (l) Any person who ca ses or procures any child having the custody, ? arge or care of a ch1'lct' ~fiows that child, to be 1, ~ny street,. ~remises, o; place for the purp?s~ of be g1ng or rece1 v1ng alms, or of inducing the giving_ of. lms whe_ther or not there is any prete~ce of s1ng1 g, play~ng, perfor~ing, offering anything for sale o otherwise, shall be hable to imprisonment for three onths, or to a fine of two hundred and fifty dollars, r to both such imprisonment and fine.
(2) If a person having t e custody, charge or care of a child is charged with a offence under this section, and it is proved that the child was in any street, premises, or place for any uch purpose as aforesaid, and that the person charge allowed the child to be in the street, premises, or pla e, he shall be presumed to have allowed him to be in t e street, premises or place for that purpose unless the ontrary is proved. Detention of child in a 5.. (1) A police officer, or any person authorised. by a place of safety. Magistra~e or by a Protect r .or by the Commissioner or a Justice of the Peace m y take to ·a place of safe~y any child in respect of w om an offence under t~is r~rt of this Ordinance or ny offence involving bodily inJury to a child has been r there is reason to believe has been, committed. '
an?)ctr~hilt so taken to place of saf~ty, and al: detain d . w o seeks ref e or protection, maY ht before ea M a. place of saf ty until he can be broufke such order ~~i~trate's Cou and the Court m~Y. ~ub~ section or is mentioned in the next followin~th as circum~tanc:~ cause _the child to be d~alt -wiharge made against a:y admit a_ d require, until the ~ce as aforesaid with Y person 1 respect of any offe ived by the conv1·ct· regard to th child has been deterIIl · ,) . ion or d'ischa ge , of such person·
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS.
(3) When it appears_ to 'a Co rt that an offence under this p~r~ of this Or~1nance o any offence involvin bodily 1nJ1;1ry to a ?hild has be n committed in respec~ of any ch1l~ who _is brought efore it and that it is expedient, in the interes~s of he child, that an order should be m~de_under this sub- ection, the Court may, without preJud1ce to any othe power under this Part of this Ordinance, make such order as circumstances require for th_e care and dete tion of the child until a reasonable time has elapse~ or a c~arge to be made against some pers~n for hav1n committed the offence, and, if a cha~ge 1s made aga nst any person within that time, until the charge has been determined by the conviction of that person and i case of conviction, for such further time not exceedi g twenty-one days as the Court which convicted ma direct, and any such order may be carried out not ithstanding that any person claims the custody of t e child.
Any of the persons mentio ed in section 3~ of this fe:\i:!t:n of Ordinance may take to a place f safety any child who children. appears to be destitute, a~d a y child so take~ to a place of safety may be deta1ne there for protection.
(1) If it appear~ to a • ag1stra t e , S Cour t , On search Warrant to for information or complaint ma~ by any of the persons or r~move mentioned in section 32 of th1 Ordinance that there ; 0 ~~~d or is reasonable cause to suspect person .
(·a) that an child or you g person has been or . be1ng 1s Y assaulted , i I-treated . · d' ·ort· neglected f th . place within the Juris ic ion o . e Can£ in a manner r kely to cause t~e child oro;~~ng person u~ ecessar~ suffering' or to be injurious to h1 health, or f th· d this Part o ' is
(b) that a? offence un Oe ence involving bodily Ordinance or _any n erson has been
inj_ury ~o a child_t or 1s being commi e f 1~r~;pect of th~ child or young person, h . ue a warrant aut ot~e. Magistrate's Court may ed therein to search for r1z1ng any police officer nam nd if it appears to su~h such child or young: person, a erson has been or is ~cer that such child or young ~eglected in manner being 3:ssaulted, ill-trP-ated, off nee as aforesai~ has aforesaid or that any such_'? ct of the child or b ' ·tt d 1n r spe . a een or is being commi to nd detain him in Young person to take him b ht before a Court, Place of safety, until he can be oug •
No. 3·3 oF 1947.
. .ng any police o:ffic · to remove th or authorizi n with or witho t search to e child young pedod~tain him there ntil he ~an Place 0r b safety :nCourt; and the Cour befo:r;-e whom et~l'oughf , before erson is brought ay commit hi e .cni} t or yofng ielative or other fit erson in like rn.:r:n. to thd. O a: fo; ~arh :rson in whose care he as had been coann~r ~iial for an offence_ :un er this Part ~fitted. Ordinance and the prov1s10 of section 5 of th~s Ordinance shall apply. this
(2) A Magistrate's Court i suing a warrant Und this section may, by the_same w rrant, cans~ any pers er .accused of any offence 1n resp ct of the child or You~n person to be appreh~nded and brought befor! the Court, and proceedings t be taken against such person according to law.
(3) Any police officer auth ris~d by warrant under this section to sear~h for an child or tonng person, or to remove any child or youn person with or without search may enter (if need . e by force) any house, building or other J?lace spec1 ed 1n the warrant, and may remove the child or youn person therefrom.
(4) Every warrant issued nder this section shall be addressed to and executed by a police officer, who shall be accompanied by the p rson laying the information, if such person so desi e, unless the Court by which the warrant is issued ot erwise directs, and may a~so if the Court by which he warrant is issue~ so directs, be accompanied by a Government medical officer.
(5) It shall not be necessa y in any information or warrant un1er this section to name the child or youn1 person b~t, 1n such case, the c ild or young person shale ~e described as particularly s the knowledge of th -R~ ffo~::t or the Court per ·ts. ChilJ ~. .J 8 "'•ttt 3/~6. ._ labour. be ~m(l) N"o ?hil unde; he a·g e of eight year.s sha ployed in any form f abour.
( ) No h'ld - h ll be employed cini under the ag of twelve ye~rs 8 :al or f?\ horticultural employ en·' except agr~cu{tuby the family of th ig _t wo~k , r ed on collect1v~ Y or oll light work of child or,: by th local communityhold of
•
.a natural p a domestic a acter in the house arent o 1 l . ch'l 1 · ,
(3) No child r ega ua d1an of the . factorJ, godown or workshhaU be e ployed in a 0) op.
.: · ; . f
CHILDREN AND YOUN G PERSO~S.,
(4) No child shall be e Lpl d a,pa,city, upon any small er ft ~b_- ho~18 work in any 0- ensed under the Ports E ct ic , or should be; ~a,lay States or the Ports rfent
of the Federated F.M.s. Settleme_nts, ?r under any O her Eanee of the S~r~its ~~J,- 111. for the hcensmg of small er ft O ~aetment
prov1dmg Cap. 149. in a,ny case where the era t ' 0 : b_.an)'. ship, except ersonal charge of the paren or legs 1P · is d~nder the child. P a guar ian of the
(5) Nothing in the fore oing p;rovisions of this section shall apply to em:rl yment of children work approved !l'nd sup~rv1s d by the Departme~f~~ Education · 1 carried h 1 ·on 1n · a y Governmen t or oth er teehn1ca sc oo or 1n a trai ing ship.
(6) No cfhild or young p rson shall be employed upon any orm of labour o employment under an · cll'CU_Dl~tances or IY,1:der any .ondition~ which ~ay b{ . p_roh1b1ted by the.Lb . . from time to / ~ t ;A time by rules made under th1 Ordinance. · 1.ti • 33•/.r
. (7) Any pe:son who emplo_ a child o! young person ·Penalty. m contravention of the prov1 ions of this section or of any r~le made under ~his Ord nance and any parent or guar~1an who knowingly o negligently suffers or perm1~s such employm~nt, sh 11 be guilty of an offence, . and hable on conv1ct1on to fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or to impris nment for a term which may extend to three months r to both such fine and imprisonment, or, in case o a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exc~edi g one thousand dollars or to imprisonment which ay extend to two years or to both such fine and i#i-pr sonment.
(1) If it shall be shokvn O the satisfaction of the Power_ to D • I" h l' t' f th prescribe o0VCffl:Of Ill Grnlll.CJ. u~on t e ~PP ica IOil o_ e minimum Commissioner • . and .a ter such . nquiryhas the,LC w;o:Fnorf children w3:ges for and 1a _Counm.l may think fit to rect, t at t e w~ges o young ?h1ldren \or young pers9ns, o both, ;~mployed 1n any person~- !lldll!ltry or type of employm nt or m any area, are t 3 1nsnfficien,t, having regard to the n~ture of the work ,,,. » /.<B and the conditions of empl~y ent, 1t s~all be lawful . . . for thtJ/GO¥erHOI' in Gwiicil to prescribe, by order, minimum rates of wages to be aid to children or young ,,,.u,,/.r& persons or both in that indus ry, type of employment or area.
(2) Any such order shall be ublished in the (!az~tte and shall have effect from t e date of pubhcat1on, unless some other date is 1na ed therein. •
No. 3·3 oF 1947. contrave ing the provisions f erson . £ ff
(3) AnY Ph 11 be guilty o an o ence and sh an, o penalty. such order s anot exceedin on_e thousand dollarsa11 be Iiabl~ to a~: for a term wh1~h m~y extend toor imprison.roe bOth such fine nd 1mpr1sonment and sit months or to bsequent o ence, shall be liable t for a second or ding two thou and dollars and to irn .a ° fine not excee t rm which ay extend to two yea Pr1~ sonment fohr fin! and impri onment. rs or to both sue . l) No child under t e age o! t":elve shall tak Children and 10,. ( public entertain ent which 1s promoted e young . persons partformed in a for the profit of he promoter or per f ormers or taking part per ' in pub~c or both. ' . I entertam- , ments. ( ) NO child or youn~ pe son ha 11 t a ke :eart 1n · any
performance in a pubh? en er~a1nment whwh performance is dangerous to hfe o limb.
(3) No child or young er~on . unde:r . the age of seventeen years sha~l take p t 1n any PI!-bl!c entertain- .ment without the licence of the Comm1ss1oner.
(4) Before issuing any s ch licence, the Commissioner shall be satisfied as the health and physical fitness to perform of such c ild or young person and f that proper measures have een and will be taken for the preservation of the heal h, a~d for securing kind
l ' treatment, of such child or oung person.
(5) The Commissioner, ay, in his discretion, refuse to issue a licence on _be' ground that the child ·
or young person is not actua ly under the protection of at le~s~ one parent or of_ a 1 g_~l_ guardian or t~at the cond1~10ns of employment r wages to be paid are ~hseatisf~c~ory or inadequat or on any other grounds, th er similar to the for going or not that roay appear . a· to h' . Im reasonable o · proper and 'he may, in · hIS Iscret10n ca J dfr •' ' which he co ' nee any 1. :cence on any groun ° J breach of a~ld refu~e. to 1 sue a licence, or fo! the
Ir required fu Y. cou dition ereof, but shall, if ~o parent 0 ~ the. child :or young person or his or cancellat •Ian :V~th th · grounds of such refusal on 1n Writing.
(6) Any person I
· · · lation of a licen \ggrirved by the refusal or can ch - ~ £ Commissioner f~~. a Co missioner other than t e . '.JJ - abpur, ¥3:Iayan Union, J118,J j:;). person agg'riev d be-de·e. . e Y th . . and anY ' · fa f.~i
e re ;usal or cancellation °
r , CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS.
. ence by the Commissioner ,
t~ion, may appeal to the ~ ~:~yan .~ decision shall be final. 1t. vv hose ,11- , '3 ~; s t
(7) An order cancelling a li ence h 11 h until it is set aside on appeal. s a ave effect
(8) In granting _a licence t e Commissioner shall irnpose such con~1.t1ons as m_ay e prescribed and ma irnpose such add1t1onal cond1t10 s as he thinks fit. Y
(9) Licences issued under th s section .shall a 1 throughout the Malayan .U nio and ·shall expire · pponY d f D b t_he 31st a y o ecem er 1n ea year.
(10) In respec~ of any licence issued· there shall be . . J:_
charge_d and P~ d sue~ fee as th -Chief S,osrotar,r/ may from time to time notify, in the Gazette. 'I- · st' i.tt · 11,>-/
Any person who-
(a) employs or procures a hild or young person Penalty for to perform or take part in any public contravention entertainment• or · of section 10. . '
(b) having the custody, ch rge or care of a child or young person, uffers such child or young person to pe form or take part in such entertainment; r
(c) being a person licensed nder the Theatres and F.M.s. Places of Public Amusement Enact- Enactment No. 47 of ment of the Federate Malay States or the 1936. corresponding Enac ment of any Malay s.s. · State or the Theat es Ordinance of the Cap. 210. Straits Settlements, ffer.s a child or young person to take part i such entertain~ent; in contravention· of the prov' sions of section 10 of this Ordinance or of a rule made under th~s Or_dinance or ~ny condi ti n or re~triction co~ - tam~d 1n any licence issued un er section 10. of this Ordinance, shall be liable to a ne not exceeding fiv.e hundred dollars or to imprison ent for a term which ~ay extend to six months or both such fine and nnprisonment arid the Court s all thereupon cancel the licence is;ued in respect of uch ?hild and, if the ~erson convicted is the holder f a licence under the · heatres and Places of Public usement Enactment F.M.s. of th F E e ederated Malay States r any correspon d1ng · · Enactment No. 47 of .\ ona~trnent of any Malay Stat or of the Theatres ·
al:dinance of the Straits Settle ents_, the Cou_rt may ~:-p. ,~ Pei 210. ?rder the cancellation of .s ch licence o~ its sus- . Enon for such period as the ourt may think fit. j
! No. 3•3 OF 1947.
TRANSFBRRED CHILDREN.
1.: :: 12. (1) In this Ordinanc ' ,"\,t- ~A, ,. tion. Interpretad child'' mea s a female under th :~
, 'trans fer re . 1· . . t f ea •1·}•\ ·re~• II ff rteen years who is iv g 3:par rom her nat ge o hou mother but does ot include a female. ura1 fat er or . · . ' • I
/ 1. (a) who is living with grand-parent, a broth H:1 ~i' ~I '
or sister by _the w ~ole dr halfdblood, ore: ~,t1: ., brother or sISte o a ecease parent b ;~{f the whole blood· or Y l~• 1:/, ~, ' M:· ·i &il t ..
(b) .who is over ~he ag_ of twelve and is married ,5'\1," ,r.. i,, 1 . •,,~1u, . , and is living w th her husband or with a ·~i.,,f, i~ : · parent or grand parent of her husband; or
(c) who has been bona fide and lawfully adopted ' ,. 11: I~ ( ,' Jl ! ' \ , '.: . ' and is living w · h the adopter; or • li I . ~ '
(d) who is living with a legal guardian; or F.M.S.
(e) who is registered a a mui tsai under the Mui Cap. 157. Tsai Enactmen o_f the Federated Malay Johore Enact. States or of an · Malay State or the Mui No. 120. Tsai Ordinance f the Straits Settlements; Perlis Enact. or No. 5/53. Trengganu No. 1 of 1354. 8. S. Cap. 34. (/) who is living wit a person other than her natural father t' r mother in pursuance of a_n order _of a CI urt of competent jurisdiction or 1n pur uance of an order made under Part II f . this Ordinance or under F.M.S. Cap. 156. the Women an Girls Protection Enactment of the Fed rated Malay States or the corresponding nactment of any Ma!aY S.S. Cap. 33. 8tat_e or the W men and Girls Protection 0rd1 nance of e Straits Settlements or F.M.S. nnd er the Mu Tsai Enactment of the Cap. 157 Johore · Federated Mal y States or of any :Malay Enact. ~!at~ or the ui Tsai Ordinance of tbe No. 120. Perlis Enact. ra1 ts Settlem nts ; or No. 5/53. Trengganu No. 1 of 1354. S.S. Cap. 34.
(g) who is an · jt3L .home oru_ima~e ! any orphanage, hos~erll' mentor 1~st1 tu ion maintained by ?~ed to be such; dany approved place deed~ a,tloe; or n er s ction 34 of this Or 111 J
r, CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS. ll
(h) who is a b~arder_ .at a school registered under ° the RegiS t ration Schools Enactment of th e d~ederated Mal y States or the corres- ~~!· is9. pon ing. Enac~men of any Malay State or the Regi~tration° Schools Ordinance of s.s. the S~ralts Settle ents, or is regularly Cap. 139. at~end ing such _a sc ool and is living with a friend or relative o her natural father or m?ther or of her leg 1 guardian or adopter, with t~e consent of e father, mother, legal guardian or adopte , as the case may be.
(2) The expressions "tra sferred child" and "child" shall be deemed to app y to a female in respect of whom a bond_has been execut d or a committal order made under this Part of this Ordinance until such time as the bond or <?rder is di charged or the female reaches the age of eighteen, hichever is the earlier event.
A trans£ erred child shal be deemed until the Presumption. contrary is pr.ove1, to be in the re, custody: or control of the person with whom or n whose house she is living.
(1) After the commence ent of this Ordinance, Notification every persQn who has or intend to have a transferred of transfers. child in his care, custody or c ntrol in the Malayan Union, whether the transfer as made or is to be made within or without the alayan Union, shall forthwith notify such transfer r intended transfer to a Protector.
(2) The father mother, legal guardian or guardian of every such tr~nsf erred. chil as ~s re~erred .to in sub-section (1) of this section s all, if res1de~t in the Malayan Union, also notify sue transfer or intended transfer to the same Protector.
(3) On receiving such notifica ion the Protector may make such inquiry as he thinks t as to the ~easons for the trans£er or intended transf r of the child and as to the suitability for that purp se of the person who has or intends to have the care, custody or control of the child.
(4) If after such inquiry th rrotector de_ems it expedient in the interests of the h1ld, he may e1ther-
(a) refuse to accept the noti cation and order that the child be returne to or re:n-ain in the care custody or c ntrol of her father, mother, legai guardi nor guardian, as the case may be, or
No. 3·3 OF 1947.
t the notificati n on condition th
(b) acce~rson, who l1as intends to have th:t the P stody or cont ol of the child f care cu d d · b , Ur · , security as pro~ e i.n su -section (3l1Ish section 17 of th1 Ordinance. ) of ) If default be made in complying with (5 ·t· of a bond made nder the preceding any cond. 1 10nthe Protector may a ke an or der as pro .d su0- section, · 7 of th'is 0 r d'inance.v1 ed in sub-section (4) of section
(6) The Protector shall re ister particulars relati to any child in respect of horn an order has beng made under paragra_ph ( of sub-section (4), security has been given nder paragraph (b) of sub-section (4), or a~ ord rhas been made under sub-section (5), of this sec ion and also particulars relating to her parents and any person who has had or has the care, custody or control of such child or who has made a notificatio in respect of such child.
(7) Except as otherwise ovided in sub-section (4) of this section, the Protect shall accept every notification made under this · ection and shall record particulars thereof. . Obligations subsequent
(1) When the trans£ r of a child has been to notifica- notified and accepted under he preceding section, the tion. person to whom such child as been transferred shall, if at any subsequent time
(a) he intends to retu n the child to the care, custody or cont ol of her father, mother, legal guardian o other person from whom he obtained her · or
(b) he int-ends to take o' send the child out of the 8tate tt:F-~~~ea4; for a period of more than one month · or
(c) wi thout his ~nowl~ ge or consent, the child . has left his care custody or control; report in pers t . . h ver practicable b ~n ° a Prat ctor and shall, w ene ch Protector th ring or cause ·o be brought before su r mother or le ea/ransfe!red child and her fatheho~ f. he obtained er. guardian o other person f roro w
(2) On receivin • ubsect10n the p g a repor under the preceding s d shhall, if the raotthector shall make a note thereof aullcb ot er er m t.h . r s ° person is hel .' 0 e , legal guardian Ovio1l ieved to Se in· the Malayan
CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS.
and was not present at. the tim f written information thereo to ~h ;uch report, send of abode of such father, oth e ast known_ place other person. er' 1egal guardian or
16, When the transfer O a ch' ld h and accepted under section 14 fl h. as b~en notified Subsequent O t IS Ordinance transfers to secon d. or s~bsequent trans er of such h 1'ld h 1, any be notified. be notified 1n accordance , ith th c . . s a 1 also section. e provis10ns of that
(1) Whenever a Prot eto that there is withi f£ . s reason to believe Power of . h" h" h' h n ~he rea,L tate er Settlemey¼t. Prot_ector to wit Ill w IC h"ld- e exercises uris . d"10t10n, . . a transferred require production of C I a transferred
(a) in hrespect b of . wh O e . trans£er no notification . . child in certain cases. as een made 1thin one week after the J./tl· n~/.r4 transfer; or
(b) who for any reaso is in need of supervision; he may, by summons under his hand addressed to the person who has or is _believ d _to have the care, custody or control of such child_, re uire such person to appear and to produce the child b fore him at the time and place_specified in the sum ons.
(2) If a person on whom summons has been served under the preceding sub-s ction fails to produce the child at the time and pl ce specified therein, the Protector may issue a warr nt authorising any person named therein to search f r such child and produce her before him. Any child amed or described in such warrant may be removed to a place of safety and there temporarily detained unf the Protector has completed his inquiry under t is Part of this Ordinance or may, for the l1ke period be temporarily committed to the custody of a relative or other fit person o~ such terms and conditions as th Protector may require.
(3) On production of a c ild before the Protector in pursuance of a summons o warrant issued under this section he shall hold such · quiry as he thinks fit and, if afte; such inquiry he of the o:pinion tha_t there has been a failure to not1f as required by this Part of this Ordinance or tha such child is in need of supervision, he may order he _person hav_ing t~e ca~e, custody or control ·of such child to furnish him with , copies of her and such pe son's photogral?hs, a_nd to furnish a bond or other se urity to the sat1sfact1on ~f the Protector that such c ild, for so long as she 1s • •
~, l~U. uu V.L' ... v ......
1(.1, 14 . /,:/fl of eighteen ·e ~ ~ or for an t:'. : nder th~ age ve the ar a ~rstate '~ Y shorte , 11 , u . d ill not 1ea d l' '. t per10 , w d to the care, us o y or control ol' ;; : it1· 334s'i be transferrewithout the pre ious consent of a Pr of any ,\ , P.if other
~t be ill-treated r neglected or ern.;lectol' l; : and WI ~ined for any im oral or unlawful 0Yed, '~ · used or tr .romoral or unla f ul manner and &Urpose f: or_l1l·nbanpyr~duced before a rotector whenever aht she r WI e e SO · requires.
(4) If default be made in omplying_ with any ord d or any condition of a bond furnished under tb.r m:ec:ding sub-sectio~, the rotector may, without o~ P ddition to enforc1ng the bond or other security b :a~rant under his hand, o der that the child, in ~e[ pect of whom the order was made, be taken out of th custody of the r>erson i!1, wh se care, custody or contro! the child is and committed o a_ ~lace of safety or, on 1· such security and on such oondit1ons a~ the Protector may require, to the custo~ of a relat1v~ or other fit
person until the child a_ttai s the age of eighteen years or for any shorter period.
(5) The Protector shall r gister particulars relating to any child in respect of w man order has been made under this section and p rticulars relating to her parents and any person w has had or has the care, custody or control of such hild. ' Tr_ansferre_d 18. (1) Whenever a Pro ector is of opinion that it . child leaving · · h · f f : area, State or IS Ill t e interest O any t ans erred ·C I h'ld · Ill respec t , Settlement. of whom a bond has been executed under this Part of this Ordinance, t&~t sue child should be permitted '.II· 33~/r8 to leave the aref/State -ef-~efrn±e!irrettt in which she th~n is, the Protector may rant such permission upon being supplied with such photographs as he ~ay requ~re an~ upo~ a bond or other security being given to his satisfaction that t e person, in whose ca!e, ~u;tody or control such ch ·1d is will bring the child
th { ; fuch pub!ic officer · hether within or withou£ d et" a ~yan Union and wit in such period and at sue es inatwn as may be spec fled in the bond. . · ·
(2) The givin f · . h 11 not relieve an er g O such f~rther secu!1ty s a this Part of th1s POr~~n who fu ished se~ur1~y .unddr the conditions of th1nbnce fro any obligation un er the
!~Ao condition relatine ond en ered into other than ate •- u /.r-l · e, ~e~tlell'ter,1, u
'-depa ture from the are~~~ te -Gr ~eUleme~: n i tu.e ch Id has left the area;.
, S P CHILDREN AND ·. · 19• (1) A P r_~tector or eciallY You
n NG PERSONS · authorised in tha byhoffilfc~r generally or 8 t may at . e a Ill 't•
.. upervmon. protec or , any time, e uir wr1 1ng by a the care, custody or control o( e the person having e5pect of whom a bond has b a transferred child in r art of this Ordinance to reden executed under this 0 uce s h h' P · • him for inquiry, or may vi it d . uc c 1ld before where such child lives or is beif! Jnspe~t the place 2) The Protector or such offi e to hve or to be. ( . · cer ma · · the cond1t1on and treatmen of su h Y ~nquire into
~t wages (if any), food and Ii ing c cd_ ?hild and her and, for the purpos~s of sue in itions generally or such officer as aforesaid ay rq .Y, the Protector answer any questions he ma thi;fuire any person to such person shall be legally b und t 0 proper to ask and to the best of his ability. answer truthfully
(3) Any person who obstru ts or hi d to obstruct or hinder the Pr tector on ers or ahttempts · h · f th r any sue officer Ih \1 \ exer~i~e of e PJwers con!erred bj, this section s a . e gu1 y o an o ence ga1nst this Ordinance. 20 · (l) When !l' Protector as _reas?n to believe that Ill-treatment a transferred child has been or 1s being ill-treated or of transneglectedforl employed,· used . O trained . for any 1mmora · 1 fe~red child. or unIaw u purp_ose or 1n y immoral or unlawful manper, he may _issue a war ant as provided in subsect10n (2) of section 17.
(2) On production of a chi d before the Protector in pursuan_ce of a warrant iss ed under the preceding sub-section, or-,whenever a t ansferred child appears before a Protector and all ges that she has been ill-treated or neglected or e ployed, used or trained for any immoral or unlaw ul purpose or in any immoral or unlawful manner the Protector shall hold such inquiry as he thinks t and may after such inquiry either make an or er as provided _in sub- . section (3) of section 17 or n order as provided in sub-section (4) of section 17.
(3) The Protector shall reg ster particulars relating to any child in respect of who an order has_ been made under this section and." par iculars relating to her parents and any person who h s had or has the custody of such child. · .
(1) It shall not be nece sary in any summons or 0 ~~d :~:~csh. Provisions a warrant issued under this P rt of this Ordinance to name the child but, in sue case, th~ summons or : warrant shall d~scribe the ch Id as_ particularly as the · ,,., • ' • know ledge of the Protector erm I ts.
No. 3·3 oF 1947. i~/ . 16 authorised: by warrant issued (/If i (2) J,..ny perrfs Ordinanc to search for any llll~er fir ~I this part o~f tneed be by f rce) any house, huild~lld r~ ., i may: enter (1 vessel or ot er place '!here he hel' lll.g, land enclosubre, d may rem .ve the child therefr Ie"es the chi•id t o e an · , otn . ,~,•; I : 1·
t i; ! ' , . : rotector may, of . is ow1;1 m~tion or on .t ,Review of 22. A. p 0 f any person, t any time and fro:rn t'the :! :orders. application . vary or rev e any order made by {/!J.e ii. , to time' ~eview' £· 'h. Ord. ance. iin .[ under this Part o t is i (l) Any person aggr eved by ~ny or<:}er :tnad
!: , ·AppeaI11 •
. J'l rB / 28. p b a ro t ector un · der this art of •this Ordinance ore the refusal of a Protecto to review any such order y if the orde w s ma e b ~ tector other than ,lfl 7 1 may, . 1)-J ~ ~ appeal t t :I) . s . w . the O the ~CJ. -~ Ca..·-'f.:. · t f r~6.P•'~ n..w,.c~ IL~ ~ " " - .....,.........,..._~ ~ 1 'made by the ~~~~w...qikl:'...t!ua.~.l,,,L!,4~ ~ r \Q0,'~·1rf ~ ~ ~ ¥-4~Q~ ~~ h $ -m~1~~~~ tee-1~~ Jj_ e,.. 11..c.c.~ ·'t A.-~gf taiB 0 Pdinanee-, ea.I o t . · -: .ic,..fn-d. =14f Got1Hcil, and the ·or the J~ l ~ ·.tw · . , as . th case may be, may make JcL_...r~uch order therein to hi seems just. '111 · ~ " (2) Any order made und r this Part of this Ordi- Lit. 't'.dJ--. /I. nance shall have effect un il varied or revoked on t1" ·l 3 i- 8 appeal. ,Saving. 24. Nothing done in pur uance of the provisions of this Part of this Ordinance haH _prevent a prosecution under any other provision f this Ordinance or under any other law. 1' Harbouring.
-f\ny person who ha ours any child knowing or having reason to believe hat such child is a transferre~ child shall report th fact to a Protector or at a Pohce Station within a p riod of forty-eight hours.
PART IV. TRAFFICKING N CHILDREN. . ,Unlawful 26. (1) 'E . y ;.ra.nsfe! of transa t· vhery person w O takes any part Ill a_nh )OSsess1on C ion t e ob. t . f hie :ustody o~ is to transf Jee or o e of the obJects o W ·iy :hil~.01 of a or permane!~1;r ~hnfer, wh lly or partly, temporlarf a ~hild for an v~ e possess on custody or cont~o O to mtprisonmeJit 0 /u~~te cons deration shall be liable ot exceeding two ei er de cription for any terrn n · years.
CHILDREN AND YO UNG PERSONS ·
(2) Every person shall b · H b . · n terill not exceeding tw ' : le to imprisonment for 3 [hority or excuse harbo rys arsh, who without lawful a,0 custody t 1 . or con ro any chil with or as i h' . n is possession tetUPorary or permanent p ssessio respect to whom the has b~en trans£erred or co f errednfcustody or control derat10n by _a ny other per on with_or valu~ble consi- Malayan Union. in or without the (3') It shall be a defence in an . this sectio~ to prove that he trin~:~secut10n und~r contemp~at1on of or pursua t to a bona took plac~ 1n or adoption and that at leas one of th · fide marriage of the child or the legal ardian ;anatural pare!lts b party to the marriage, or to the adoptio! ~hnse~tmg ing party, _and had expres ly consented ty0 the a op~- cular marriage or adoptio . e parti-
Any person ·who bfi O un der any f alse pretence 1 t t· false representation, or ra dulent or deceitful means' of~h~Id b; · made· orb ~sed i ither· withi · or . without . the Ma1ayan' pretences false
Un10n, r1ng~ .or assists 1n r1ng1ng any child into the · ¥alayan U?I~n shall be 1 able to imprisonment of either descr1 pt1on for a ter not exceeding two years
or to a fine not exceeding fi e thousand dollars or to both such fine and impriso ent. '
A Protector o:r: any. _erson authorised in that Power to behalf by a Protector in wr1 1ng may require any child children ex~mine and h d an d any person W h O may a pear t O ave t e custo y persons in h or control of such child to a pear before the Protector th charge of at any reasonable time and at any convenient place, em. and the Protector may exa ine such child as to his reasons for entering or bei g in the Malayan Union and may examine such pers n respecting such child, and such child and sue~ per on shall be legally bound to answer such questions uthfully to the best of their ability. ·
If a Protector has re sonable cause to suspect Power of to Protector that any child- · . requi:e
(a) has been brought to the Malayan Uinon s,cunty. either .after hav1 g been transferred f_or valuable consider tion, or by fraud, misrepresentation or any false pretence; or
(b) has been transferred to the custody ~r cont_rol . of any person f r valuable cons1derat1on either within o without the Malayan Union; or
No. 3·3 oF 1947. /. II 18 . detained ··again.st his will by
(c) is person; being 0 ther t n h1s parent or 1 soltle •'I .jI . y ' a~fll.l . I I guardian, , I either he maY . erso in whose custody or
(i) require any ftroI he child appears to tder who~ehc~irn wi h copies of such child's e to furh1s person's own photographs, anda:n.d sue . h securit to the satisfaction of t~o furn is r that · uch ch I'Id w1·11.not leave th·lle Pro t ec area "I ate A-14-~~~~fr' in wh· . Ich he '/... • wi· tho t the previous consent . e ,: L/f • 331,/ s8 t hen 1s d . writing of the Protector' an will not be
trans£ erred to he care_or c1;stody of any other person wi hout the previous consent in writing of the rotector, and that he will be produced _be ore the Protector whenever he requires 1t; or . (n. ·) i·n the first instan. e, or if default be made in I complying w1 any_ or d er_ ma de under paragraph (i) of this section, make an * Ij -l· order similar to an order under subsection (4) o~ s c_tion 17 ?f this Ordinance,
as if the child 1n question were a transti• ferred child. j: !. ,1 Inspection. 30. (1) A Protector o any officer generally or specially authorised in th t behalf in writing by the Protector may at any tim visit and inspect the place where any child in respec of whom security has been furnished under section 2 Ii ves or is believed to live or to be. r, . (2) The Protector or a y such officer may inquire into the condition and circ · mstances of such child and for the purposes of ~uch in uiry, the Protector or such officer as ·aforesaid ma require any person to !~~:~r any questions he may think proper to ask . ch person shall be I gally bound to answer such i quest10ns . truthfully . to th bes't Of h"IS ab"I't I I y·
to ~Jst:"lt ~erh~n;ho obs ructS or hinders or atteillP~ I the exercise rof in er a Pr tector or any such officer. IIl shall be guilt jhe power conferred ·by this sectio~
not exceedin[ fiveah offenc and shall be liable. to a for a term which undre , dollars or to imprison~0th !t such fine and · m!1Y extend to six months or to ,1 imprisonment.
.PERSONS. -- ·- .&.VU!'Hj
GENE AL. gl. (1) A Protector ·or t e Co . . ffi_cer generally or specially auth ~m~s.ioner or ani Powers of ? writing by a Protector r theoize i~ t~at behalf search. ~oter, and for that purpose a use {mmi~sioner may and search any vessel, house, biildintfe neceisary, or other place where he has r asonable' an 'tenc osure ii that an offence against thi Ordi'n cause o suspect ance or any rule made t hereun d er h as been o is being committed.
(2) Any pers~n who obstr ts or hinders or attempts to obstruct or hinder a Prot tor or the ·Commissioner or any such officer a.s 3:fores ~d in the exercise of the powers con~erred ?Y this sec ion shall be guilty of an offence against this Ordinan e.
3~. No Court shall_ take gnizance of any offence When Court punishable under this Ord nance except with the may. take wri·tt_en.sanet1On · Of the p Ubl·i Prosecutor or a Deputy cogmzanceof offence. Public Prosecutor or upon complaint made by-.
(a) the Protector ; ( b) the Commissioner ;
(c) a Magistrate;
(d) a Justice of the Pea e;
(e) a Police Officer n t below the rank of Inspector; or 'JJ4e,.J;, . 8, _... (/) any other . person aut. orized . . ?;;.!- in writing by the''J., 1.o.:. , ~ ~otdeme~/4or y e rot ctor or ·by the F-"f-'7;';. Commissioner, eit er by name· or office, to uv-11},,/J:, m_ake complaints of offences under this Ordinance.
(1) Where in any roceedings under this Court ~ay . ' , ll' t b h'ld determme 0 r dinance, a person IS a ege . 0 e a C . 1 ?r youn_g and declaire person the Court after ma ing such inquiry as 1t age of child . ' ' h d · or young thinks fit as to the age of t a person, may etermu:~e person. and declare his age, and f r the purposes of this Ordinance the age so declare by the Court shall be deemed to be the true age of that person, unless and until the contrary is proved. -~2) Where a person is charg d with an offence under this Ordinance in respect of a erson apparently under a specified age it shall be a d fence to prove ·that the Person was actually of, or ov , that age.
.R>/ Jr_.._ __ - - - ~r i .., 3·3 oF 1947. 1\.To J.~• L L ~ .• , • ~ ·- l ,/H'- -q ~~i:} t'~ · .., ,,,, ""' • •'~ \11;,,..~i~· '. 1--""·1 nr• ~" , r.1
-,i.cts+~ ~ .•, g8@iQ ••"'
The is ·· b t·fi · . w-. y no 1 cation ill. the ·
g;! {!/le~~ ::d -t'G azette- . laces or i stit~tions to be Pla }~ :i approved I appo1fntt punder this Ord~nance; and Ces Of 1:-J'. . horn es. sa e y any orp h nage, h osp1tal . . h •· 1 (b) dee1are t institution or p 1a e o. e an ~pproved Plom_e, b ' ,;! / for the purposes f this Ordinance. ace •• ti ; 5 An person who- ,t· Offenc~s and 3 · to answer, t the best of his know} d yf j ,p,oaJues. (a) re belief, any q estion ~hi?h he is le;a,fe /_; ,· bound to answer nd 'Yh1ch is asked of hi y f by any officer. ppo1nted or authoris~ l : under this Ord1n nee; or '
(b) makes, sig;n_ s or ~eli ers, or cau~es to be made , t signed or de!fi1ve ~d, any wt1lfully false 0; j incorrect not1 ca 10n, repor or statement• l
or
(c) refuses to allow n officer appointed or
authorised under his Ordina~ce _such entry or access to an house, bu1ld1ng, land, l enclosure, vessel or other place as he is required by this _rdinance to allow; or
(d) contravenes or fai s to comply with any provision of this Ordinance or of any rule made thereunder or
(e) contravenes or fails o comply with any order, summons or war ant lawfully made by a Protector under his Ordinance; .shall be guilty of an o:ffen e and shall, if no other penalty be provided, be liab e on conviction to a fine !lot ~xceeding two hundred and fifty dollars or to 1mpr1sonment not exceeding six months, or to both o-H-t'4] snch fine and imprisonment . . "'.~ . -~B;c6':"" 11ihe rH8~e~etif'te~~a~r~,~fre~,rr- (~~+4 ·~~,Qj li'v'\"- ~ A i-~a--:- ~ i,:r~~::-- e~ d1scret10n, exerciBe,_a-t--a,- ny or all _of the of a conferred u.t · ~ b:r-t.R-is-O.rJl1.11anca.. ~ - rtincate of 87. A certificate purporti t b nder the hand otector to 0 f p t t g o eu ther evidence. a dro ec or as to any entry ·n a register or any O ·s recr '· or as to any matte or thing which he de aut or1sed by this Ordina e or any rules Jlla ie th~reunder' to ·m ake or to o, shall be prirrid Jaeth e evidence of the entry ha v1n • been ma d e, and. ofb ell contents t hereof and of the tt th · ha-v1ng e done or not d nne. m er or ing
CHILDREN AND y OUNG PERSONS. 38 Any per.son to who
. committed . under t e• care . a ch'ld ~
erson is i or younc, Maintena th'e order is in force have :h 0 rtnance shall, whifat of child nee child or young perso~ as i he 1 e control over the ;::a~:n!hen shall be responsible for th e _were the parent, and ~~mmitted t c or young person, and the C tintenance of the child y person. continue 1n ~he care of s ~h or young per~on shall ing that he 1s claimed by h. person notwithstandperson, and if any person is parent or any other
(a) knowingly assists indirectly, a c ?r induces, directly or. dd or young person to escape from the erson to whose care he is committed; or
(b) knowingly f harbour • ' conceal s, or prevents ::~ returning such person, a child or Y g person_ ~o has so escaped, or knowingly assist 1n so doing; he ~hall~be guilty of an offen e and liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term hich may extend to three months, or to a fine not ex eeding two hundred and fifty dollars or to both such ne and imprisonment. I~ ,,t,;, f ;_ ,8, r ., 1J;7 J. /f·~!~/rf 89_. (1) The . .· . ·1 may make rules~Rules. to give effect o the prov1si s of the Ordinance.
(2) I1;1 particular an~ ithout prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, .namely-
(a) the care, mainten nee and education of children or you 'persons committed to the care, custody or control of any person under the provisi ns of this Ordinance, and. the duties of pers ns to whose care, custody or control such c ildren or young persons have been commi ted;
(b) the prohibition of fo ms, circu~stances, and conditions of la our for children under section 8 of th s Ordinance ; and the regulation of c nditions · of labour ?f children and yo ng persc_:ms and their production for in pection;
(c) the regulation of ho rs and days of work of children and you persons; -~·<k.t.... • J~ 1- t,/,..1l'M , f. ~ ,.-:z,1/ •, ,1,-1,7
No. 3·3 oF 1947. tion of nig · ork, both as to h
(d) thearnedgu :Onditions o children and au.l's Yoll.llg persons; .. ription of nd1t1ons to be atta h
(e) the t~\i~~nces for th emplo_yment of _child/d ng persons n public entertainme en or yOu nts, (/) the care, detention, t m:riorary abst:nce, l!taiJi' tenane.e and e~ cation of children and young persons 1n places of safety; . ( ) the inspection of ap rov~d place~ and returns g to be furnished y persons in charge of such places;
(h) the time within. ich notifi_catio~s under section 14 and re orts under section 15 of this Ordinance hall be made and the manner in whic such notifications and reports shall be ecorded or noted;
(i) the particulars (i eluding photographs or other means o identification) to be furnished in relation to trans£erred children, their p rents or persons required to make notifica ~ons in respect of transferred children or persons having the custody of such c ildren;
(j) the forms of orders, warrants, summonses and bonds; ·
(k) the forms of reg sters and other records • required to be ept and the manner in which they shall be kept;
(l) the furnishing of ·nformation as to changes of address of t · ansferred children or the persons having ustody of them, and the trans£er of rec ds and registers in such cases;
(m) th e. time and mann r of lodging and determining appeals.
shm c~!~hi!fes shall_ be p blished in the Gazette an~ other dat Qperation ° such publication or at sue O . e as may be prov ded therein. 1rts. 40. Any power ex . . , C0 urt J:::r under this Ordinan ercisa le by a Mag1st~ate s the Court of a District also be exercised by
r CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS. " 41 The several Enact ents and Ordinance Repeals. tioned in the first and second columns of the
Jlle:ednle to this Or~inance a e repealed to the extent Sc Jllentioned in the third colum of that Schedule.
- (.Section REPEA S. Orain t . ance and Extent of repeal. Enactmen s. F.M.S. (Cap. 158) ... 'fhe Childre Enactment ... The whole
S·of S. 1939 Ordinance No. 17 ... Th e Ch"ld I r Ordinance ... The whole
Jo hore (Cap · 115)
. . . 1 he Childre Enactment ... The .whole Kedah No. ;>,1 of 1354 The Childre1 Enactment ... The whole
1947.
KUALA Ll]MPUR ;T PRBSS BY H. T. Ross, YAN UNION GOVERNMEN PRINTBD AT THE MALA GO VERNMENT PRI NTBR. ,
. . P rice. 50 ~-;;_ or 1s. 2d. oosa---720_ , ruL,t,7
Cite this legislation
- Official citation
- Act 232
- Source
- lom.agc.gov.my
- Data synced
- Licence
- Official text, free to reproduce (Copyright Act 1987 [Act 332] s 3) ↗
Children and Young Persons Act 1947 [Act 232] (Laws of Malaysia, lom.agc.gov.my). Retrieved via LawPlayer, https://lawplayer.com/my/act/act-232
This text is synced from lom.agc.gov.my. In case of any discrepancy, the official version prevails.
Source: Laws of Malaysia, Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia (lom.agc.gov.my). Not a copy of the Gazette printed by the Government Printer (Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967, s 61).