Administration of Act
s 37
37. It is the function of the Authority to administer and enforce this Act.
Active Mobility Act 2017 PART 5 — ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Compiled from an official source version. Later amendments or repeals may not be reflected; the official text prevails. · Read the official text ↗
Division 1 — Enforcement personnel
Authorised officers
s 38
38.—(1) The Authority may, in relation to any provision of this Act, appoint as authorised officers for the purposes of that provision from among its employees and individuals performing duties in the Authority who are suitably trained to be authorised officers. (2) The Authority may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment as an authorised officer. (3) The Authority may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon it by any provision of this Act (except the power of delegation conferred by this subsection) to an authorised officer, subject to such conditions or limitations as set out in this Act or as the Authority may specify; and any reference in the provision of this Act to the Authority includes a reference to such an authorised officer. (4) Any delegation under subsection (3) may be general or in a particular case and may be subject to such conditions or limitations as set out in this Act or as the Authority may specify.
Public path wardens
s 39
39.—(1) The Authority may, in relation to any provision of this Act, appoint —(a) any auxiliary police officer appointed under the Police Force Act 2004; or (b) any employee of a public authority (but not a Town Council), with the suitable training to properly exercise the powers of a public path warden to be a public path warden for the purposes of that provision. (2) The Authority may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment as a public path warden. (3) An individual mentioned in subsection (1) who is appointed as a public path warden does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an employee or agent of the Authority.
Volunteer public path wardens
s 40
40.—(1) The Authority may, by notice, appoint an individual of at least 18 years of age —(a) who is not an individual mentioned in section 38 or 39; and (b) who has the suitable training to properly exercise the powers of a public path warden, to be a volunteer public path warden for the purposes of that provision. (2) The Authority may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment as a volunteer public path warden. (3) An individual who is appointed as a volunteer public path warden under subsection (1) does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an employee or agent of the Authority.
Powers of public path wardens and volunteer public path wardens, etc.
s 41
41.—(1) The Authority must issue to every public path warden and volunteer public path warden a written authorisation specifying such power as is specified in subsection (2) or (3) that the public path warden and volunteer public path warden, respectively, may exercise.[38/2018] (2) The powers that a public path warden may be authorised under this section to exercise are all or any of the following:(a) to ask an individual suspected of committing an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B to state the individual’s name and residential address;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) to advise the individual to stop engaging in conduct that is an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (c) to photograph or film, or otherwise record the place where, or in respect of which, an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B was committed or is reasonably suspected to have been committed, and any individual or vehicle in that place; [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (d) to take statements —(i) from an individual mentioned in paragraph (a) or (c); and (ii) from any complainant against the individual mentioned in paragraph (a), and to require such an individual to make and sign a declaration of the truth of the statement made by the individual; (e) to exercise powers expressly conferred on a public path warden under this Act.[38/2018] (3) The powers that a volunteer public path warden may be authorised under this section to exercise are all or any of the following:(a) to ask an individual suspected of committing an offence under Part 3 to state the individual’s name and residential address; (b) to advise the individual to stop engaging in conduct that is an offence under Part 3; (c) to photograph or film, or otherwise record the place where, or in respect of which, an offence under Part 3 was committed or is reasonably suspected to have been committed, and any individual or vehicle in that place; (d) to exercise powers expressly conferred on a volunteer public path warden under this Act. (4) Subject to section 11A of the Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995, the powers that an outsourced enforcement officer may exercise under this Act are all or any of the following:(a) to ask an individual suspected of committing an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B to state the individual’s name and residential address;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) to advise the individual to stop engaging in conduct that is an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (c) to photograph or film, or otherwise record the place where, or in respect of which, an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B was committed or is reasonably suspected to have been committed, and any individual or vehicle in that place;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (d) to exercise powers expressly conferred on an outsourced enforcement officer under this Act.[38/2018] (5) However, to avoid doubt, the Authority cannot authorise under subsection (1) a volunteer public path warden to arrest any individual. (6) The written authorisation under subsection (1) for a public path warden or volunteer public path warden may also do all or any of the following:(a) limit the powers in subsection (2) or (3) that the public path warden or the volunteer public path warden (as the case may be) may exercise; (b) limit where in Singapore the public path warden or volunteer public path warden may exercise his or her powers in subsection (2) or (3) (as the case may be) or any of them; (c) limit when the public path warden or volunteer public path warden may exercise his or her powers in subsection (2) or (3) (as the case may be) or any of them; (d) limit the circumstances in which the public path warden or volunteer public path warden may exercise his or her powers in subsection (2) or (3) (as the case may be) or any of them. (7) The powers that a public path warden or a volunteer public path warden may be authorised under this Act to exercise may be exercised only to the extent authorised by the Authority under this section.
Identification cards and equipment
s 42
42.—(1) The Authority must issue to each authorised officer, public path warden and volunteer public path warden an identification card. (2) Every authorised officer, public path warden and volunteer public path warden whose appointment as such ceases must return to the Authority any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (1). (3) An authorised officer, a public path warden and a volunteer public path warden must produce his or her identification card for inspection —(a) before exercising a power under this Act; and (b) at any time during the exercise of a power under this Act, if asked to do so. (4) Every authorised officer, public path warden and volunteer public path warden is to be issued with such equipment, or such description of equipment, as the Authority may determine to be necessary for the effectual discharge of the duties of an authorised officer or a public path warden or volunteer public path warden, as the case may be.
Public servants
s 43
43. A public path warden and a volunteer public path warden who, in the course of his or her duty as a public path warden or volunteer public path warden (as the case may be) exercises any power in section 41(2) and (3), respectively, in accordance with the written authorisation of the Authority under section 41(1) is taken to be a public servant for the purposes of the Penal Code 1871 when exercising such power.
Division 2 — Enforcement powers
Powers to inspect premises, etc., for Part 3A, 3B or 4 matters
s 44
44.—(1) An authorised officer may exercise all or any of the powers in this section for the purpose of —(a) ascertaining whether the provisions of Part 3A, 3B or 4 are being complied with or have been contravened; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) investigating any offence under Part 3A, 3B or 4.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (2) An authorised officer may, at any reasonable time, do any of the following, without involving any search of any property or individual:(a) enter and inspect any premises that the officer believes on reasonable grounds are used for the carrying on of a business or a trade (even if also used as a residence) of selling, or offering or exposing for sale, by retail any bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle, or used for altering any bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle, and any vehicle at those premises;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) photograph or film, or make a record or sketches of, any part of the premises, or any vehicle or parts of a vehicle or accessories or other thing at the premises; (c) require any person on those premises to produce or grant access to, without charge, any document or material reasonably required for any purpose in subsection (1), which is in the possession or under the control of that person; (d) inspect and make copies of or take extracts from any such document or material; (e) take possession of such a document or material if, in the opinion of the authorised officer —(i) the inspection or copying of or extraction from the document or material cannot reasonably be performed without taking possession; (ii) the document or material may be interfered with or destroyed unless possession is taken; or (iii) the document or material may be required as evidence in any proceedings instituted or commenced for any of the purposes of, or in connection with, Part 3A, 3B or 4.[38/2018; 9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (3) The power to require a person to furnish any document or material under subsection (2)(c) includes the power —(a) to require the person, or any person who is or was an officer or employee of that person, to provide an explanation of the document or material; (b) if the document or material is not furnished, to require the person to state, to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief, where it is; and (c) if the document or material is recorded otherwise than in legible form, to require the document or material to be made available to the authorised officer in legible form. (4) For the purposes of subsection (2), if any document or material required by an authorised officer is kept in electronic form —(a) the power of the authorised officer to inspect the document or material includes the power to —(i) access any computer or other equipment (including a mobile telephone) in which the document or material is stored; and (ii) require any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer or equipment to provide assistance in gaining such access; and (b) the power of the authorised officer to seize such document or material includes the power —(i) to make copies of the document or material in legible or electronic form; and (ii) to transfer the information from the document or material to a disk, tape or other storage device. (5) If an authorised officer is unable to make copies of the document or material, or transfer the information from the document or material, under subsection (4)(b), the authorised officer may —(a) seize the computer or other equipment (including a mobile telephone) in which the document or material is stored, as evidence in proceedings for an offence under Part 3A, 3B or 4; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) require any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer or equipment to disclose any password or access code for gaining access to the document or material held in the computer or equipment.[38/2018] (6) To avoid doubt, in this section, a reference to an offence under Part 3A, 3B or 4 includes a reference to an offence under any regulations made for the purposes of Part 3A, 3B or 4.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Power to move vehicles
s 45
45.—(1) Where any stationary vehicle —(a) is parked or left on a public path contrary to this Act; or (b) is, in the opinion of an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden (as the case may be) a danger to other users of a public path or is causing or likely to cause an obstruction or inconvenience on a public path, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden may move, or cause to be moved, the vehicle to a holding yard, or to another place to avoid further danger, obstruction or inconvenience or a danger, obstruction or inconvenience arising, as the case may be. [38/2018] (2) If a vehicle is left on a public path and it appears to an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden that the vehicle has been left for 2 or more consecutive days, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may move, or cause to be moved, the vehicle to a holding yard.[38/2018] (3) When a vehicle is moved to a holding yard under this section by an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden must as soon as practicable give notice of the move to the owner of the vehicle, if known.[38/2018] (4) For the purpose of exercising a power under subsection (1) or (2), an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden may, with such assistance as he or she considers necessary —(a) move the vehicle by any reasonable means (including by driving, riding or towing it); and (b) use reasonable force (including cutting or breaking open any lock, seal, fastener or other device on or connected to the vehicle).[38/2018]
Power to remove obstructing article, etc., on public path
s 46
46.—(1) If any article or thing (other than a vehicle) is obstructing the use of, or is causing inconvenience to the exercise of any right by any person under section 12 or 13 on, a public path in contravention of section 28(1), an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may move that article or thing, or cause it to be so removed, so that it is no longer an obstruction or inconvenience.[38/2018] (2) An authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden must not exercise a power under subsection (1) unless he or she has —(a) taken reasonable steps to inform the owner of the article or thing (if known) of his or her intention to exercise that power; and (b) allowed or directed the owner of the article or thing to move it.[38/2018] (3) For the purpose of exercising a power under subsection (1), an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may, with such assistance as he or she considers necessary —(a) move the article or thing by any reasonable means (including by towing it) to a holding yard; and (b) use reasonable force (including cutting or breaking open any lock, seal, fastener or other device on or connected to the article or thing).[38/2018] (4) A person must remove any article or thing where requested to do so by an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden under subsection (2)(b).[38/2018] (5) A person who contravenes subsection (4) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000. (6) When an article or thing is moved to a holding yard under this section by an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden must as soon as practicable give notice of the move to the owner of the article or thing, if known.[38/2018]
Powers to examine and weigh vehicle or produce competency test certificate or certificate of medical need
s 47
47.—(1) An authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may, for the purpose of ensuring that any vehicle that is being or may be used, or that any person driving, riding or using a vehicle, on a public path complies with this Act, at any time —(a) examine the vehicle; (b) order the driver, rider or user of the vehicle to produce his or her competency test certificate or certificate of medical need for examination or other identity documents so as to enable the authorised officer, public path warden or outsourced enforcement officer (as the case may be) to ascertain the identity of the driver, rider or user and the authority by which any competency test certificate or certificate of medical need was granted; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (c) order the owner, rider or user of the vehicle to deliver the vehicle (in the state on the date of the order) for an inspection by such person and at such time and place as the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden may specify.[38/2018; 9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (2) However, only an authorised officer may pursuant to an order under section 35A(1) give an order under subsection (1)(c) requiring a vehicle to be delivered for an inspection by a designated examiner.[9/2020] (3) Subject to this Act, an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may require an owner, a rider or a user of any vehicle —(a) to allow the vehicle to be weighed laden or unladen; or (b) to immediately proceed to a weighbridge or other machine for weighing vehicles.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (4) Subject to this Act, an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may, require an owner, a rider or a user of any vehicle to unload the vehicle for the purpose of being weighed unladen.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (5) Where a vehicle is weighed under this section, a certificate of weight must be given by the person who carried out the weighing of the vehicle to the owner, rider or user who delivered the vehicle for weighing.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (6) An individual driving, riding or using a vehicle who, in purported compliance with any order given to him or her under subsection (1)(b) by an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden —(a) produces to an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden —(i) a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need that is altered in a way that is calculated to deceive (whether or not it was already a false document before the alteration or it was altered by the individual), knowing that it is so altered;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (ii) an article resembling a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need and calculated to deceive, knowing that the document is not a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (iii) a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need that was not granted to the individual, knowing that it was not so granted to that individual; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) with the intention of dishonestly inducing the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden to accept it as genuine, commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (7) A driver, rider or user of a vehicle to whom an order under subsection (1)(b) is given who refuses or neglects to comply with the order commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where the individual is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (8) However, subsection (7) does not apply in relation to an order given to a driver or rider of a vehicle to produce a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need under subsection (1)(b) if within 48 hours after the order is given, the driver or rider produces the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need in person at any of the offices of the Authority that is specified by the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden at the time the order was given.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (9) An individual to whom a digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is granted who holds, or produces or carries a mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is displayed for the purpose of complying with an order under subsection (1)(b) to produce a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is taken to have produced a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need for that purpose.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (10) However, a digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is not displayed for the purpose of complying with an order under subsection (1)(b) to produce or carry a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need if —(a) the screen of the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which it is purportedly displayed is unable to be read by the person to whom it is displayed due to cracking, dimming, dirt or any other fault, damage or obstruction; (b) the individual fails or refuses to comply with a reasonable request by the person to whom it is purported to be displayed to facilitate the reading, copying or scanning of the whole or any part of the digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (c) the holder of the digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need refuses to comply with a reasonable direction to refresh the display of the digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (11) To avoid doubt, an individual who displays or purports to display a digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is not required to give or hand over, to the person who is requiring the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need to be produced or handed over, the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is displayed or purported to be displayed.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (12) If an owner, a rider or a user of a vehicle refuses or neglects to comply with any order given to him or her under subsection (1)(c), or any requirement given to him or her under subsection (3) or (4), the owner, rider or user shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where the owner, rider or user is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026]
Powers to demand information about driver, etc.
s 48
48.—(1) An authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, or a police officer or public path warden who is acting in the execution of duty may require any person whom the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer, police officer or public path warden believes on reasonable grounds to have had possession or control of a vehicle on a particular occasion to give any information which may lead to the identification of an individual —(a) who was the driver, rider or user of the vehicle on any occasion that the driver, rider or user is alleged or is suspected to be guilty of an offence under this Act; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) who had possession or control of the vehicle on any occasion that the driver, rider or user is alleged or is suspected to be guilty of an offence under this Act.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (2) The person, when required by an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, or a police officer or public path warden to do so under subsection (1), must give to the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer, police officer or public path warden (as the case may be), within 14 days after being so required, the information required under that subsection.[38/2018] (3) A requirement under subsection (1) may be made orally or in writing, and require any information to be furnished under that subsection to be in writing signed by the person required to furnish the information. (4) A person who fails to give in accordance with subsection (2) the information required of the person under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.[38/2018] (5) However, it is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (4) where the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused did not know, and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained, the information required under subsection (1). (6) In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (4), an accused which is a company, a partnership or an unincorporated body is not to be treated as having proved that the accused did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained the information required unless the accused also proves, on a balance of probabilities, that —(a) it had kept a proper and accurate record containing prescribed particulars of each occasion on which it permits any individual to ride, drive or use a vehicle —(i) whether or not the individual is a director, member, partner, officer, employee or agent of the accused or otherwise; and (ii) whether or not the individual is permitted to ride, drive or use the vehicle in the course of the individual’s employment with the accused or otherwise; but[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) the record shows no individual having been permitted by the accused to ride, drive or use the vehicle at or about the time of the alleged offence.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026]
Powers of arrest
s 49
49.—(1) An authorised officer or a public path warden in uniform may stop and arrest any individual —(a) who commits an offence under this Act in the presence or within the view of the authorised officer or public path warden; and (b) who, on the demand of the authorised officer or public path warden (as the case may be) refuses to give his or her name and residential address. (2) Such an individual must not be arrested under subsection (1) if he or she —(a) on the demand of the authorised officer or public path warden, produces any of his or her documents of identity so as to enable the authorised officer or public path warden to ascertain the individual’s name and residential address; or (b) gives the authorised officer or public path warden his or her name and residential address. (3) If the authorised officer or public path warden has reason to suspect that a name or address so ascertained or given is false, the authorised officer or public path warden (as the case may be) may, despite subsection (2), exercise the power of arrest under subsection (1). (4) Any individual arrested under this section must be brought to a police station as soon as reasonably practicable and must be taken before a Magistrate’s Court if the individual’s name and residential address are not ascertained at the end of 24 hours after the arrest. (5) An individual taken before a Magistrate’s Court under subsection (4) must be immediately released on his or her executing a bond (with or without sureties) for his or her appearance before a Magistrate’s Court, if so required. (6) An authorised officer or public path warden in uniform may —(a) detain any bicycle, power‑assisted bicycle, personal mobility device or other vehicle in respect of which an offence under this Act has been committed in his or her presence or within his or her view; or (b) stop any bicycle, power‑assisted bicycle, personal mobility device or other vehicle the driver or rider of which has committed or is suspected of having committed an offence under this Act. (7) Any individual mentioned in subsection (6)(b) must stop the bicycle, power‑assisted bicycle, personal mobility device or other vehicle he or she is driving or riding on being required by an authorised officer or public path warden in uniform under subsection (6), and if he or she fails to do so, he or she shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; but (b) where he or she is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
Power to seize vehicles, competency test certificates or certificates of medical need
s 50
50.—(1) Where an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden has reason to believe that a vehicle is a vehicle in connection with which an offence under Part 3, 3A, 3B or 4 has been or is being committed, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden may —(a) seize the vehicle and take it to a holding yard; or (b) require the owner, driver, rider, user or person in charge of the vehicle to take the vehicle to and surrender it at a specified holding yard.[38/2018; 9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (2) The power conferred on an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden under subsection (1)(a) may be exercised whether or not the owner, driver, rider, user or person in charge of the vehicle is present at the time of its seizure.[38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (3) When a vehicle is seized under this section by an authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden, the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden concerned must as soon as practicable give notice of the seizure and the grounds of doing so to the owner of the vehicle, if known, except that the notice is not required to be given where the seizure is made in the presence of the owner or the owner’s agent.[38/2018] (4) Any person who, without reasonable excuse, refuses or neglects to comply with any requirement under subsection (1)(b) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months. (5) An authorised officer, an outsourced enforcement officer or a public path warden may, with no other authority than this section, seize a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need or an article resembling a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need if —(a) the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need or article is produced to the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden pursuant to an order under section 47(1)(b) or otherwise, by an individual who represents it as a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need granted to that individual; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) the authorised officer, outsourced enforcement officer or public path warden has reason to believe that —(i) the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is unlawfully in the possession of that individual who produced it; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (ii) the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need or article is evidence of the commission of an offence under section 23H, 23L or 47(6).[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (6) Every competency test certificate or certificate of medical need seized under subsection (5) must be forwarded to the Authority, and the Authority may —(a) return the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need to the individual who produced it, if the Authority is satisfied that the competency test certificate or certificate of medical need was lawfully in the possession of the individual who produced it; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (b) in any other case, deal with it in such manner as the Authority thinks fit.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (7) However, the authority conferred by subsection (5) to seize a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need or any article resembling a competency test certificate or certificate of medical need does not extend to a mobile communication device or other electronic device on which a digital competency test certificate or certificate of medical need is displayed.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026]
Forfeiture of seized vehicles
s 51
51.—(1) Subject to this section, all vehicles liable to seizure under the provisions of this Act are liable to forfeiture by a court. (2) An order for the forfeiture of a vehicle seized or surrendered under section 50 may be made by the Authority if it is satisfied that —(a) the vehicle is a non‑compliant personal mobility device, non‑compliant bicycle, non‑compliant PAB, non‑compliant mobility vehicle or non‑compliant non‑motorised wheelchair;[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) an offence under this Act has been committed and that the vehicle was the subject matter, or was used in the commission, of the offence; (c) at the end of 30 days after the date of the seizure or surrender, no claim to the vehicle is earlier made in the prescribed manner to the Authority by a person who is not the person from whom the vehicle was seized or required to surrender the vehicle (or the latter person’s agent); and (d) a person is convicted of the offence, or a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence has that offence compounded under section 55.[26/2020] (3) Despite subsection (2), the Authority may at once order the forfeiture of a vehicle seized or surrendered under section 50 —(a) that is a non‑compliant personal mobility device, non‑compliant bicycle, non‑compliant PAB or non‑compliant mobility vehicle; and (b) that the Authority considers is of such a nature or in such condition that it would be dangerous for the Authority to retain custody, or its detention in a holding yard materially increases the likelihood of an outbreak of fire at the holding yard.[26/2020] (4) Upon receipt of a claim mentioned in subsection (2)(c), the Authority may direct that the vehicle be released or may refer the matter by information to a Magistrate.[26/2020] (5) The Magistrate must, on receipt of an information under subsection (4), or on the written application of the Public Prosecutor, hold an inquiry and proceed to determine the matter and must, on proof that the vehicle was used in the commission of an offence under this Act, order the vehicle to be forfeited, or may in the absence of such proof order its release. (6) In any proceedings under subsection (5), the burden of proof lies on the person asserting that the person is the owner of the vehicle concerned, and on the person from whom the vehicle was seized, as the case may be. (7) In any proceedings in any court in respect of the forfeiture of any vehicle seized in exercise or the purported exercise of any power conferred under section 50, no person is entitled to the costs of such proceedings or to any damages or other relief except an order for the return of the vehicle, unless the seizure was made without reasonable or probable cause.
Holding yards
s 52
52.—(1) A vehicle, or an article or a thing, which is moved to a holding yard under section 45 or 46, surrendered at a holding yard under section 50 or forfeited under section 51 must be detained there until it is released by order of the Authority or sold, destroyed or disposed of in accordance with section 53.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 27/02/2026] (2) Any person who removes or causes to be removed such a vehicle, article or thing from the holding yard without the order of the Authority shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months.
Disposal of forfeited or detained vehicles
s 53
53.—(1) Where any vehicle is forfeited by the Authority under section 51, an authorised officer may, after giving notice in accordance with subsection (5A) of his or her intention to do so —(a) sell by public auction or tender the vehicle and any uncollected item left in or on the vehicle; or (b) destroy or otherwise dispose of the vehicle, article or thing (as the case may be).[Act 5 of 2026 wef 27/02/2026] (2) However, the Authority may direct that a vehicle that is forfeited by the Authority under section 51(3) and is the subject of a notice under subsection (1) be returned to a person if —(a) before the end of the period of the notice in subsection (1), the Authority receives from that person a written objection to the intended sale, destruction or disposal of the vehicle and showing good cause why possession of the vehicle should be returned to the person; and (b) there is no reasonable cause for the Authority to believe that an offence under this Act has been committed and the vehicle was the subject matter, or was used in the commission, of the offence.[26/2020] (3) Where a vehicle or an article or a thing is moved to a holding yard under section 45 or 46, or a vehicle is surrendered at a holding yard under section 50, it becomes unclaimed if, at the end of 30 days after the day on which the vehicle, article or thing was so moved or surrendered —(a) there is no person who appears, to the satisfaction of the Authority, to be the owner of the vehicle, article or thing, as the case may be; or (b) there is such a person but that person has not exercised his or her right to recover the vehicle, article or thing by a claim.[38/2018] (4) Where a vehicle, article or thing which is moved to or surrendered at a holding yard under section 45, 46 or 50 becomes unclaimed, an authorised officer may, after giving one month’s notice in the Gazette of his or her intention to do so —(a) sell by public auction or tender the vehicle, article or thing (as the case may be) and any uncollected item left in or on the vehicle, article or thing; or (b) destroy or otherwise dispose of the vehicle, article or thing, as the case may be. (5) Despite subsection (4), where it appears to the Authority that any vehicle, article or thing which is moved to a holding yard under section 45 or 46 —(a) is —(i) a non‑compliant personal mobility device, non‑compliant bicycle, non‑compliant PAB or non‑compliant mobility vehicle; and (ii) of such a nature or in such condition that it would be dangerous for the Authority to retain custody, or its detention in a holding yard materially increases the likelihood of an outbreak of fire at the holding yard; (b) is a perishable article or thing that may rapidly depreciate in value; or (c) is an article or a thing of such a nature or in such condition that it would be dangerous for the Authority to retain custody of the article or thing, the Authority may, after giving notice in accordance with subsection (5A) of its intention to do so, cause the vehicle, article or thing to be — (d) sold (by public auction or otherwise) at once; or (e) destroyed or otherwise disposed of at once in such manner as the Authority thinks fit.[26/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 27/02/2026] (5A) The notice required by subsection (1) or (5) is given by publishing a notice of the intended sale, destruction or disposal in the Gazette —(a) in the case of a vehicle mentioned in section 51(3) — at least 7 days before taking any action under subsection (1); (b) in the case of a vehicle mentioned in subsection (5)(a) — at least 7 days before taking any action under subsection (5); and (c) in any other case — at least one month before taking any action under subsection (1) or (5), as the case may be.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 27/02/2026] (6) The proceeds of a sale by public auction or tender of any vehicle, article or thing under subsection (1), (4) or (5) must be applied as follows:(a) firstly, in payment of the expenses occasioned by the sale; (b) secondly, in payment of storage or other expenses incurred by the Authority in relation to the vehicle, article or thing; (c) thirdly, by payment of the balance into the Consolidated Fund.[26/2020] (7) A purchaser of a vehicle, article, item or thing sold in accordance with subsection (1), (4) or (5) acquires good title to that vehicle, article, item or thing.[26/2020] (8) If the owner of a vehicle is convicted of or has been permitted to compound an offence under this Act, the expenses incurred by the Authority in carrying out the provisions of this section are recoverable by the Authority and, in case of dispute or neglect to pay, may be summarily ascertained by a Magistrate’s Court and may be recovered in the same manner as if the expenses were fines imposed by that Court. (9) If —(a) before the end of one year starting on the date a vehicle, an article or a thing was moved to a holding yard under section 45 or 46; but (b) after the vehicle, article or thing has been sold, destroyed or disposed of under subsection (5), a person who appears, to the satisfaction of the Authority, to be the owner of the vehicle, article or thing claims that vehicle, article or thing, the Authority may pay the person, out of the funds of the Authority, the balance after deducting all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Authority in moving, storing and selling, destroying or disposing of the vehicle, article or thing (as the case may be) from the value of the vehicle, article or thing when it was moved to a holding yard. [26/2020]
Ticketing
s 54
54.—(1) Where an authorised officer or public path warden has reasonable grounds for believing that a person has committed an offence under this Act that is prescribed as an offence to which this section applies, the authorised officer or public path warden may, in lieu of applying to a court for a summons, serve upon that person a prescribed notice requiring that person to attend at the court described, at the hour and on the date specified in the notice. (2) A duplicate of the notice must be prepared by the authorised officer or public path warden and, if so required by a court, produced to the court. (3) The notice may be served on the person alleged to have committed the offence. (4) On an accused person appearing before a court pursuant to a notice under subsection (1), the court is to take cognizance of the offence alleged, and is to proceed as though the accused person were produced before it pursuant to section 153 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010. (5) If a person, upon whom a notice has been served under subsection (1), fails to appear before a court in person or by counsel as required by that notice, the court may, if satisfied that the notice was duly served, issue a warrant for the arrest of the person unless, in the case of an offence which may be compounded, that person has before that date been permitted to compound the offence. (6) Upon a person arrested pursuant to a warrant issued under subsection (5) being produced before a court, the court is to proceed as though the person were produced before it pursuant to section 153 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010.[Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] (7) [Deleted by Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] (8) An authorised officer or a public path warden may, at any time before the date specified in the notice under subsection (1), cancel the notice.
Composition of offences
s 55
55.—(1) The Chief Executive of the Authority, or any employee of the Authority or public path warden authorised in writing by the Authority for the purpose of this provision, may compound any offence under this Act that is prescribed as a compoundable offence. (2) A compoundable offence may be compounded under this section —(a) by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding the lower of the following:(i) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed for the offence; (ii) $5,000; and (b) by requiring the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence to do, or to refrain from doing, such things as are specified in an offer of composition (called conditions of composition) by the Chief Executive of the Authority, or any employee of the Authority or public path warden mentioned in subsection (1) with the concurrence (general or specific) of the Public Prosecutor. (3) On payment of such sum of money and on full compliance with the conditions of composition, no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. (4) All sums collected under this section must be paid into the Consolidated Fund.
Division 3 — Offences and general provisions
Obstructing authorised officers, etc.
s 56
56.—(1) A person who refuses to give access to, or obstructs, hinders or delays —(a) an authorised officer; (b) a public path warden; (c) a volunteer public path warden; or (d) an outsourced enforcement officer in uniform, in the discharge of his or her duties under this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [38/2018] (2) However, it is not an offence under subsection (1) for any person to refuse to comply with any request, demand or order made or given by an authorised officer, public path warden, volunteer public path warden or outsourced enforcement officer who —(a) fails to declare his or her office; and (b) refuses to produce his or her identification card on demand being made by that person.[38/2018]
Offence of providing false information, etc.
s 57
57.—(1) If —(a) a person furnishes a document, or makes a statement (whether orally, in writing or any other way) or gives information, to the Authority, an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, a police officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden; (b) the document, statement or information is false or misleading, or the statement or information omits any matter or thing without which the statement or information, as the case may be, is misleading; (c) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the document is false or misleading, or that the statement or information is as described in paragraph (b); and (d) the document is furnished, or the statement is made or the information is given, for or in connection with —(i) an application under this Act; or (ii) a question or request by the Authority, an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, a police officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden under this Act, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. [38/2018; 9/2020] (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document, statement or information is not false or misleading in a material particular, or if the statement or information did not omit any matter or thing without which the statement or information (as the case may be) is misleading in a material particular.
Impersonating public path warden, etc.
s 58
58.—(1) An individual who represents himself or herself, by word or conduct —(a) to be an authorised officer when he or she is not an authorised officer; (b) to be a public path warden when he or she is not a public path warden; or (c) to be a volunteer public path warden when he or she is not a volunteer public path warden, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (2) An authorised officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden who uses any equipment or identification card issued under section 42 otherwise than in the course of, or for the purpose of, exercising the functions of an authorised officer or a public path warden or volunteer public path warden (as the case may be) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (3) However, it is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) where the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused used or possessed the equipment or identification card issued under section 42 (as the case may be) for the purposes of a public entertainment provided in compliance with the Public Entertainments Act 1958.[28/2017]
Employer to ensure employee, etc., riders are insured
s 58A
58A.—(1) Every —(a) licensee or class licensee under the Shared Mobility Enterprises (Control and Licensing) Act 2020 who makes available for hire by any individual any bicycle, personal mobility device, power-assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle to drive or ride wholly or partly on any public path; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) person who, in the course of a prescribed business —(i) provides any bicycle, personal mobility device, power-assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle for hire or use by an individual who —[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (A) is the person’s employee or outworker; and (B) drives or rides on any public path in the performance of duties in the course of employment or under an outwork arrangement with that person; or (ii) engages an individual under a contract of employment or an outwork arrangement to perform duties or carry out work involving driving or riding on any public path any bicycle, personal mobility device, power‑assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle owned or provided by the individual,[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] must take all reasonable and practicable measures to ensure that the individual is insured and maintains insurance for a prescribed minimum amount under one or more approved policies with an insurer within the meaning of the Insurance Act 1966 against third‑party liabilities for death or personal injury which the individual may incur with respect to driving or riding the bicycle, personal mobility device, power‑assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle (as the case may be) on public paths during the hiring from the licensee or class licensee or the individual’s employment or outwork arrangement with that person, as the case may be. [9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or (b) in any other case — to a fine not exceeding $20,000.[9/2020] (3) Where in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is alleged that a person failed to do something so far as is reasonable and practicable in relation to a requirement in that subsection, it is for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that —(a) it was not reasonable or not practicable to do more than what was in fact done to satisfy that requirement; and (b) there was no better practicable means than was in fact used to satisfy that requirement.[9/2020] (4) In this section —“approved policy” means a policy of insurance not subject to any conditions, exclusions or exceptions prohibited by regulations; “outwork arrangement” means a contract, an agreement, understanding or other arrangement of any kind (whether written or unwritten) with a contractor —(a) under which an individual (whether or not in the course of business or providing other services) performs work contracted to be performed under that contract, agreement, understanding or other arrangement for the contractor; and (b) that is not a contract of employment; “outworker” means an individual who performs work under an outwork arrangement.[9/2020]
Court may order undergoing course
s 58B
58B.—(1) Where —(a) an individual (called in this section the offender), is convicted of an offence in Division 2 or 2A of Part 3; (b) at the time of the commission of the offence, the offender was the driver of a mechanised sweeper, the rider of a bicycle, personal mobility device or PAB, or the driver or rider of a mobility vehicle; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026] (c) the court convicting the offender of the offence is, having regard to the circumstances of the commission of the offence and the character and conduct of the offender, of the opinion that to prevent another commission of an offence under Part 3, the offender should undergo training on safe driving or riding on public paths, the court may, in addition to imposing on the offender the punishment provided for the offence under this Act, make an order requiring him or her to attend and complete, at the offender’s own expense, a course designed to increase knowledge of, and to encourage, safe driving and riding behaviour on public paths as the court specifies. [9/2020] (2) An offender may appeal against an order of a court under subsection (1) in the same manner as against a conviction, and the court may if it thinks fit, pending the appeal, suspend the operation of the order.[9/2020]
Immaterial that more than one offence committed
s 58C
58C. To avoid doubt, in any proceedings for an offence under any provision in Division 2 or 2A of Part 3 or Part 3A or 3B involving an accused driving or riding on a public path, it is immaterial that the accused is driving or riding —(a) a class or description of vehicle the driving or riding of which on that public path is otherwise unlawful under any other provision in Part 3; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) in a manner that also constitutes an offence under any other provision in Part 3, 3A or 3B.[9/2020] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Strict liability
s 59
59. In proceedings for an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B, it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the path was a pedestrian‑only path, footpath, shared path or public path, but it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that the path was a pedestrian‑only path, footpath, shared path or public path, as the case may be.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Presumption of vehicle owner riding or driving
s 59A
59A. An owner of a bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle who is an individual is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be riding or driving the bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle (as the case may be) at the time of the commission (on or after 2 January 2019) of an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B that —(a) involves the riding or driving of the bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026] (b) is prescribed, if the owner fails to give the information required of the owner under section 48 about that offence and the owner knew or ought reasonably to have known the information required. [38/2018] [Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Offences by corporations
s 60
60.—(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a) an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and (b) the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind. (2) Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, a person —(a) who is —(i) an officer of the corporation, or a member of a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members; or (ii) an individual who is involved in the management of the corporation and is in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation in relation to the commission of the offence; and (b) who —(i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the corporation; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the corporation (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of that same offence as is the corporation, and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the corporation if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the corporation would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of —(a) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or (b) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the corporation for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the corporation is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section —“corporation” includes a limited liability partnership; “officer”, in relation to a corporation, means any director, partner, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, and includes —(a) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and (b) for a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members, any of those members as if the member was a director of the corporation; “partner”, in relation to a limited liability partnership, means any person who has been admitted as a partner in the limited liability partnership in accordance with the limited liability partnership agreement; “state of mind” of a person includes —(a) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and (b) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
s 61
61.—(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a) an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or the partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and (b) the employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind. (2) Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person —(a) who is —(i) an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; (ii) a partner in the partnership; or (iii) an individual who is involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and who is in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and (b) who —(i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be), and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of —(a) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or (b) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of an unincorporated association or a partnership for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section —“officer”, in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, and includes —(a) any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of a committee of the unincorporated association; and (b) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner; “state of mind” of a person includes —(a) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and (b) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
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