Obstructing authorised officers, etc.
56.—(1) A person who refuses to give access to, or obstructs, hinders or delays —(a)
an authorised officer;
(b)
a public path warden;
(c)
a volunteer public path warden; or
(d)
an outsourced enforcement officer in uniform,
in the discharge of his or her duties under this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
[38/2018]
(2) However, it is not an offence under subsection (1) for any person to refuse to comply with any request, demand or order made or given by an authorised officer, public path warden, volunteer public path warden or outsourced enforcement officer who —(a)
fails to declare his or her office; and
(b)
refuses to produce his or her identification card on demand being made by that person.[38/2018]
Offence of providing false information, etc.
57.—(1) If —(a)
a person furnishes a document, or makes a statement (whether orally, in writing or any other way) or gives information, to the Authority, an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, a police officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden;
(b)
the document, statement or information is false or misleading, or the statement or information omits any matter or thing without which the statement or information, as the case may be, is misleading;
(c)
the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the document is false or misleading, or that the statement or information is as described in paragraph (b); and
(d)
the document is furnished, or the statement is made or the information is given, for or in connection with —(i)
an application under this Act; or
(ii)
a question or request by the Authority, an authorised officer or outsourced enforcement officer, a police officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden under this Act,
the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
[38/2018; 9/2020]
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document, statement or information is not false or misleading in a material particular, or if the statement or information did not omit any matter or thing without which the statement or information (as the case may be) is misleading in a material particular.
Impersonating public path warden, etc.
58.—(1) An individual who represents himself or herself, by word or conduct —(a)
to be an authorised officer when he or she is not an authorised officer;
(b)
to be a public path warden when he or she is not a public path warden; or
(c)
to be a volunteer public path warden when he or she is not a volunteer public path warden,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
(2) An authorised officer, public path warden or volunteer public path warden who uses any equipment or identification card issued under section 42 otherwise than in the course of, or for the purpose of, exercising the functions of an authorised officer or a public path warden or volunteer public path warden (as the case may be) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
(3) However, it is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) where the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused used or possessed the equipment or identification card issued under section 42 (as the case may be) for the purposes of a public entertainment provided in compliance with the Public Entertainments Act 1958.[28/2017]
Employer to ensure employee, etc., riders are insured
58A.—(1) Every —(a)
licensee or class licensee under the Shared Mobility Enterprises (Control and Licensing) Act 2020 who makes available for hire by any individual any bicycle, personal mobility device, power-assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle to drive or ride wholly or partly on any public path; or[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
(b)
person who, in the course of a prescribed business —(i)
provides any bicycle, personal mobility device, power-assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle for hire or use by an individual who —[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
(A)
is the person’s employee or outworker; and
(B)
drives or rides on any public path in the performance of duties in the course of employment or under an outwork arrangement with that person; or
(ii)
engages an individual under a contract of employment or an outwork arrangement to perform duties or carry out work involving driving or riding on any public path any bicycle, personal mobility device, power‑assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle owned or provided by the individual,[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
must take all reasonable and practicable measures to ensure that the individual is insured and maintains insurance for a prescribed minimum amount under one or more approved policies with an insurer within the meaning of the Insurance Act 1966 against third‑party liabilities for death or personal injury which the individual may incur with respect to driving or riding the bicycle, personal mobility device, power‑assisted bicycle or mobility vehicle (as the case may be) on public paths during the hiring from the licensee or class licensee or the individual’s employment or outwork arrangement with that person, as the case may be.
[9/2020]
[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
(2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —(a)
where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or
(b)
in any other case — to a fine not exceeding $20,000.[9/2020]
(3) Where in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is alleged that a person failed to do something so far as is reasonable and practicable in relation to a requirement in that subsection, it is for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that —(a)
it was not reasonable or not practicable to do more than what was in fact done to satisfy that requirement; and
(b)
there was no better practicable means than was in fact used to satisfy that requirement.[9/2020]
(4) In this section —“approved policy” means a policy of insurance not subject to any conditions, exclusions or exceptions prohibited by regulations;
“outwork arrangement” means a contract, an agreement, understanding or other arrangement of any kind (whether written or unwritten) with a contractor —(a)
under which an individual (whether or not in the course of business or providing other services) performs work contracted to be performed under that contract, agreement, understanding or other arrangement for the contractor; and
(b)
that is not a contract of employment;
“outworker” means an individual who performs work under an outwork arrangement.[9/2020]
Court may order undergoing course
58B.—(1) Where —(a)
an individual (called in this section the offender), is convicted of an offence in Division 2 or 2A of Part 3;
(b)
at the time of the commission of the offence, the offender was the driver of a mechanised sweeper, the rider of a bicycle, personal mobility device or PAB, or the driver or rider of a mobility vehicle; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 01/06/2026]
(c)
the court convicting the offender of the offence is, having regard to the circumstances of the commission of the offence and the character and conduct of the offender, of the opinion that to prevent another commission of an offence under Part 3, the offender should undergo training on safe driving or riding on public paths,
the court may, in addition to imposing on the offender the punishment provided for the offence under this Act, make an order requiring him or her to attend and complete, at the offender’s own expense, a course designed to increase knowledge of, and to encourage, safe driving and riding behaviour on public paths as the court specifies.
[9/2020]
(2) An offender may appeal against an order of a court under subsection (1) in the same manner as against a conviction, and the court may if it thinks fit, pending the appeal, suspend the operation of the order.[9/2020]
Immaterial that more than one offence committed
58C. To avoid doubt, in any proceedings for an offence under any provision in Division 2 or 2A of Part 3 or Part 3A or 3B involving an accused driving or riding on a public path, it is immaterial that the accused is driving or riding —(a)
a class or description of vehicle the driving or riding of which on that public path is otherwise unlawful under any other provision in Part 3; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
(b)
in a manner that also constitutes an offence under any other provision in Part 3, 3A or 3B.[9/2020]
[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Strict liability
59. In proceedings for an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B, it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the path was a pedestrian‑only path, footpath, shared path or public path, but it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that the path was a pedestrian‑only path, footpath, shared path or public path, as the case may be.[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Presumption of vehicle owner riding or driving
59A. An owner of a bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle who is an individual is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be riding or driving the bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle (as the case may be) at the time of the commission (on or after 2 January 2019) of an offence under Part 3, 3A or 3B that —(a)
involves the riding or driving of the bicycle, PAB, personal mobility device or mobility vehicle; and[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
(b)
is prescribed,
if the owner fails to give the information required of the owner under section 48 about that offence and the owner knew or ought reasonably to have known the information required.
[38/2018]
[Act 5 of 2026 wef 04/05/2026]
Offences by corporations
60.—(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a)
an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and
(b)
the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind,
is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind.
(2) Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, a person —(a)
who is —(i)
an officer of the corporation, or a member of a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members; or
(ii)
an individual who is involved in the management of the corporation and is in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation in relation to the commission of the offence; and
(b)
who —(i)
consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence;
(ii)
is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the corporation; or
(iii)
knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the corporation (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence,
shall be guilty of that same offence as is the corporation, and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly.
(3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the corporation if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the corporation would bear.
(4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of —(a)
Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or
(b)
the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence.
(5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the corporation for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the corporation is convicted of the offence.
(6) In this section —“corporation” includes a limited liability partnership;
“officer”, in relation to a corporation, means any director, partner, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, and includes —(a)
any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and
(b)
for a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members, any of those members as if the member was a director of the corporation;
“partner”, in relation to a limited liability partnership, means any person who has been admitted as a partner in the limited liability partnership in accordance with the limited liability partnership agreement;
“state of mind” of a person includes —(a)
the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and
(b)
the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
61.—(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —(a)
an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or the partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and
(b)
the employee or agent had that state of mind,
is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind.
(2) Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person —(a)
who is —(i)
an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body;
(ii)
a partner in the partnership; or
(iii)
an individual who is involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and who is in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and
(b)
who —(i)
consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence;
(ii)
is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or
(iii)
knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence,
shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be), and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly.
(3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear.
(4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of —(a)
Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or
(b)
the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence.
(5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of an unincorporated association or a partnership for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence.
(6) In this section —“officer”, in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, and includes —(a)
any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of a committee of the unincorporated association; and
(b)
any person purporting to act in any such capacity;
“partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner;
“state of mind” of a person includes —(a)
the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and
(b)
the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
Source: Singapore Statutes Online (Attorney-General's Chambers), © Government of Singapore.
