Land Titles Act 1993

• Act Code: LTA1993
• Edition: 2020 Rev Ed
• Commencement: 28 Feb 1994
• Version as at: 11 Jul 2026
• Enacted by: Parliament

Section 1 — Short title

This Act is the Land Titles Act 1993.

Section 2 — Division into Parts

This Act is divided into Parts, as follows: PART 1 ... sections 1-4 PART 2 ... sections 5-7 PART 3 Division 1 ... sections 8-18 Division 2 ... sections 19-24A Division 3 ... sections 25-27 PART 4 ... sections 28-44 PART 5 Division 1 ... sec

Section 3 — Reconciliation with existing laws

(1) Except as provided in this Act, all Acts, regulations, rules, and other laws, and all practices, relating to estates and interests in land and operative at 1 March 1994, so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act in

Section 4 — Interpretation

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“approved form” means any form approved by the Registrar for the purposes of any of the provisions of this Act and includes an electronic form produced by making an electronic copy, im

Section 5 — Appointment of Registrar, Deputy Registrars, Assistant Registrars and other officers

(1) This Act is to be administered by the Registrar of Titles who is appointed by the Minister and who is to carry into execution the provisions of this Act and be responsible for the general administration of the Land Titles Registry.(2) T

Section 6 — Seal of office

(1) The Registrar is to have and use a seal of office having inscribed in the margin thereof the words “Registrar of Titles, Singapore”.(2) Every certificate of title, dealing or any other document in writing relating to the disposition or

Section 7 — General powers of Registrar

(1) The Registrar may exercise the following powers:(a) to administer oaths and take statutory declarations; (b) to enter caveats for the prevention of fraud or improper dealing whenever the Registrar has reason to think that fraud or impro

Section 8 — Alienation by State

(1) Where at any time, whether before or after 1 March 1994, the State alienates or has alienated —(a) an estate in fee simple; (b) an estate in perpetuity; or (c) a leasehold estate, in any land, the Collector must furnish to the Registrar

Section 9 — Surrender and reissue of title to land

(1) Where the President agrees to accept the surrender of the title to land (whether registered or unregistered, and whether of the same or different tenure), for the reissue of one or more fresh State titles of one type of tenure, the Pres

Section 12 — Restriction on registration or notification of assurance, instrument or caveat pending issue of fresh State title

After the surrender of the title to land is lodged with the Registry of Deeds or the Land Titles Registry (as the case may be) under section 9, and pending the issuance of a fresh State title or titles by the President —(a) except for a dis

Section 13 — Collector to furnish Registrar with particulars of fresh State title

(1) Where at the time of the lodgment of any surrender of the title to land under section 9, the land is subject to any subsisting mortgage, statutory charge or caveat, the fresh State title or titles to be issued by the President under sec

Section 14 — Power of Registrar of Deeds to refuse registration of assurances

Where an assurance which requires the prior written consent of either the Collector or the Registrar or both of them (as the case may be) has been made without the endorsement of his or her or their written consent thereon —(a) the Registra

Section 15 — Application of section 8

(1) Section 8(2) and (3) applies to any land brought under the provisions of this Act pursuant to the issue of fresh State title after the surrender of an existing title.[8/2014] (2) Section 8(4) applies to any land brought under the provis

Section 16 — Registrar to make an entry on folio as to conclusiveness of boundaries, etc.

(1) Where any land alienated by the President is brought under the provisions of this Act and a folio has been created for the land, the Registrar must —(a) where the boundaries and dimensions as shown in the plan filed with and approved by

Section 17 — Priority of interests protected by mortgages, statutory charges and caveats registered or notified on land‑register

(1) Where any land has been surrendered to the President under section 9, with subsisting mortgages, statutory charges and caveats registered or notified on the land‑register, the priority of these mortgages, statutory charges and caveats a

Section 18 — Collector may refuse to accept surrender of title to land for reissue of title

The Collector may refuse to accept the surrender of any title to land for the reissue of title where the Collector is satisfied that the proprietor or owner of the land intended for surrender has not complied with any existing law or the la

Section 19 — Bringing lands under this Act

(1) Unregistered land of whatever tenure may be brought under the provisions of this Act upon any primary application or at the instance of the Registrar in accordance with this Division.(2) The Registrar may bring unregistered land under t

Section 20 — Primary applications

(1) A person entitled to bring unregistered land under the provisions of this Act may lodge a primary application with the Registrar to bring the land under this Act together with any deed, conveyance or instrument affecting the land.(2) Th

Section 21 — Unregistered land may be brought under this Act at instance of Registrar or on registration of conveyance

(1) The Registrar may, if he or she thinks fit, bring under the provisions of this Act any unregistered land comprised in any conveyance registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988.(2) If the Registrar intends to bring any unregiste

Section 22 — Land may be brought under this Act upon subdivision

(1) Where permission has been granted to develop or subdivide any unregistered land, the owner is not entitled to deal with the land or any part thereof whether under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 or under this Act, unless the entire p

Section 23 — In whose name title to issue

(1) A folio created under this Division must be in the name of —(a) the person who in accordance with the documents lodged is entitled to be registered as the proprietor of the fee simple, estate in perpetuity or leasehold estate in land; o

Section 24 — Mortgages and leases

(1) Where land has been brought under the provisions of this Act by the creation of a folio (whether qualified or unqualified as to title), any subsisting mortgage registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 in respect of land compr

Section 24A — Leases of flats erected on unregistered land

(1) Where there is a subsisting lease for a flat in a building erected on unregistered land and the lease for such a flat has been registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988, the Registrar may issue a subsidiary certificate of titl

Section 25 — Cautions and lapsing of cautions

(1) Upon the creation of a qualified folio, the Registrar must enter thereon a caution warning persons dealing with the registered proprietor therein named that the land comprised therein is held subject to any interest which affected it at

Section 26 — Cancellation of cautions

(1) Where the Registrar has entered a caution on a qualified folio under section 25, the proprietor of the land comprised in that folio may apply to the Registrar in the approved form together with any deed, conveyance or instrument affecti

Section 27 — Prior encumbrances to be notified on folio

(1) The Registrar must enter on a folio a notification of any caveat or other subsisting encumbrance —(a) which is apparent to him or her from the records maintained at the Land Titles Registry (including the Caveat Index) at the time of th

Section 28 — Land-register

(1) The Registrar must cause a register (called in this Act the land‑register) to be maintained for the purposes of this Act.(2) The land-register comprises —(a) folios; (b) dealings registered therein under this Act; and (c) instruments an

Section 29 — Folios of land-register

(1) The Registrar must create a folio for any land by making a record of —(a) a description of the land and of the estate or interest therein for which it is created; (b) a description of the proprietor for the time being of the estate or i

Section 30 — New folios of land-register

(1) The Registrar may create a new manual folio in the following cases:(a) where, in the Registrar’s opinion, it is impracticable to make further endorsements on an existing manual folio; (b) where the certificate of title of the land compr

Section 31 — Covenants restricting subdivision of land in State titles not to apply to registered land

The provisions of the State Lands Act 1920 and the covenants or conditions under that Act prohibiting or restricting the division or partition of land do not apply to registered land.[8/2014]

Section 32 — Creation of new folios of land-register on application of mortgagee or chargee

(1) Where the competent authority, or any other authority controlling or supervising the lawful subdivision of land, has granted subdivision approval for any land comprised in one or more folios which has been mortgaged or charged, any regi

Section 33 — Contingent interests

(1) A new folio must not be created in favour of —(a) a person entitled to a bare power of appointment over land; or (b) a person or class of persons entitled only to a contingent interest in land. (2) Any instrument creating an interest me

Section 34 — Certificates of title

(1) The Registrar may, if he or she thinks fit, from time to time issue a certificate of title for the land comprised in any folio and may, for the purposes of subsection (4), require the production of any existing certificate of title or o

Section 35 — Delivery of certificates of title, etc., after registration

The Registrar may —(a) deliver a certificate of title or any registered instrument and related documents in the Registrar’s custody to the person who lodged the documents unless that person has lodged an approved form with the Registrar aut

Section 36 — Land-register as evidence

(1) Every manual folio duly authenticated under the hand and seal of the Registrar —(a) shall be received in all courts as evidence of the particulars therein set forth and that the land therein comprised has been duly brought under the pro

Section 37 — Registration and priority of instruments

(1) The Registrar must register an instrument in the following manner:(a) where the relevant folio is a manual folio — by endorsing a memorial of the essential particulars of the instrument in the form approved by the Registrar on that foli

Section 38 — Restrictions on Registrar’s powers of registration

(1) The Registrar must not register any instrument purporting to transfer or otherwise to deal with or affect registered land except in the manner herein provided, nor unless the instrument is substantially in accordance with the provisions

Section 39 — Proprietors under disability

(1) Where it appears to the Registrar that a person acquiring title under any instrument is an infant or is suffering from any other legal disability, the Registrar must notify the disability in the memorial of registration and in any new f

Section 40 — Corporations and limited liability partnerships

(1) In favour of any purchaser of registered land, a corporation or a limited liability partnership is deemed to have the same powers of acquisition and disposition as a natural person of full age and legal capacity.[8/2014] (2) This sectio

Section 41 — Death of party

Where a party entitled to registration under an instrument dies before registration of the instrument, the Registrar may nevertheless register the instrument in the name of that party.

Section 42 — Entries on documents of title

(1) Where the Registrar has issued a certificate of title in respect of any registered land comprised in any folio, that document must be produced for the purpose of effecting registration of any instrument lodged in the Land Titles Registr

Section 43 — Replacement of certificates of title, etc.

(1) The Registrar may issue a new certificate of title or a new subsidiary certificate of title to replace —(a) any certificate of title; or (b) any subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease, which has been lost, mislaid, destroyed

Section 43A — Surrender of earlier certificate of title, etc., upon replacement

(1) Where a certificate of title, subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease is declared to be lost, mislaid, destroyed or is being improperly or wrongfully withheld, and in place thereof a new certificate of title or a new subsidia

Section 44 — Disposal of antecedent documents or instruments following creation of folio

(1) Upon creating a folio for any land under the provisions of this Act, or where, in the Registrar’s opinion, documents or instruments lodged with the Land Titles Registry need no longer be retained, the Registrar —(a) must return or deliv

Section 45 — Instruments ineffectual until registered

(1) No instrument until registered as in this Act provided is effectual to pass any estate or interest in land under the provisions of this Act.(2) Upon registration of an instrument the estate or interest therein specified passes, or the l

Section 46 — Estate of proprietor paramount

(1) Despite —(a) the existence in any other person of any estate or interest, whether derived by grant from the State or otherwise, which but for this Act might be held to be paramount or to have priority; and (b) any failure to observe the

Section 47 — Exoneration from effect of notice

(1) Except in the case of fraud, any person dealing with a proprietor or with a person who is entitled to become a proprietor is not required and need not in any manner be concerned —(a) to inquire or ascertain the circumstances in or the c

Section 48 — Priority determined by order of registration

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) and section 27(6), interests appearing in the land‑register have priority according to the order of their registration or notification, irrespective of the dates of the instruments by which those int

Section 49 — Priority of unregistered interests

(1) Except in the case of fraud, the entry of a caveat protecting an unregistered interest in land under the provisions of this Act gives that interest priority over any other unregistered interest not so protected at the time when the cave

Section 50 — No title by adverse possession

Except as provided in section 174(7) and (8), no title to land adverse to or in derogation of the title of a proprietor of registered land is acquired by any length of possession by virtue of the Limitation Act 1959 or otherwise, nor is the

Section 51 — Approved forms

(1) The forms from time to time approved by the Registrar must be used for all instruments intended to affect registered land.(2) The Registrar may register any instrument containing departures from an approved form and the instrument is de

Section 51A — Lodgment of instrument in electronic form

(1) Subject to this section, an instrument may be lodged in such electronic form as may be approved by the Registrar.(2) A person must not lodge an instrument in electronic form unless the person is authorised by the Registrar to do so. (3)

Section 52 — Registration of mortgage, charge or lease

(1) Every mortgage, charge or lease presented for registration need not be lodged in duplicate except for a lease to be comprised in a manual folio.(2) Upon registration of any mortgage, charge or lease, the Registrar must enter a statement

Section 53 — Manner of holding by co-owners

(1) In every instrument affecting registered land, co‑tenants claiming under the instrument hold the land as joint tenants unless they are described as tenants‑in‑common; and if they are described as tenants‑in‑common, the shares in the reg

Section 54 — Description of land

(1) Every instrument lodged for registration must refer to the folio and the lot intended to be dealt with.(2) Subject to section 54A, where a dealing referred to in an instrument affects part of any land comprised in a folio and such deali

Section 54A — Obtaining of lot or strata lot number

(1) Where a proprietor intends to sell part of a parcel of any land or part of a building, the proprietor must, after obtaining the approval of the relevant authority and before entering into a sale and purchase agreement for such part, eit

Section 55 — Memorandum of prior encumbrances

(1) Instruments intended to dispose of or to create any interest in registered land must contain in a memorandum of prior encumbrances a brief description of any interest affecting that land which has been registered or notified in the land

Section 56 — Proprietor must execute instrument

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), every instrument purporting to dispose of or to create an interest in registered land must be executed by the proprietor or proprietors thereof named in the land‑register at the time of registration

Section 57 — Attestation and proof of execution

(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Registrar must accept as proof of due execution of an instrument intended for registration under this Act if the instrument is presented in the following manner:(a) where a person, other than a party to th

Section 58 — Execution of instruments by corporations, etc.

(1) Subject to subsection (4), in favour of purchasers, an instrument dealing with registered land is deemed to have been duly executed by a corporation or a limited liability partnership if the seal of the corporation or limited liability

Section 59 — Certificate of correctness

(1) The Registrar may reject any application to bring land under the provisions of this Act, or any other instrument purporting to deal with or to affect land (whether registered or unregistered), unless there is endorsed thereon a certific

Section 60 — Address for service of notices

(1) Every instrument by which a person becomes a proprietor of registered land and every caveat relating to dealings with land (whether registered or unregistered) must contain an address within Singapore to which may be sent any notice con

Section 60A — Service of notices, etc.

(1) Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Act, a notice that is required or authorised by this Act to be given to or served on a person may be given to or served on that person —(a) by posting it or sending it by fax to that person’s

Section 61 — Instruments to take effect as deeds

(1) Upon registration, any instrument disposing of or creating an interest in registered land has the effect of a deed.(2) Nothing in this Act prevents a party to an instrument affixing the party’s seal thereto or giving to the instrument a

Section 62 — Covenants in instruments: Words of succession implied

(1) In instruments registered under the provisions of this Act, unless a contrary intention is expressed, covenants relating to land are deemed to be made by the covenantor and the covenantor’s successors in title with the covenantee and th

Section 63 — Form and effect of transfers

(1) The proprietor of an estate in land, or of a lease, mortgage or charge, may transfer the same by an instrument of transfer in the approved form, and upon the registration of such instrument the estate or interest of the transferor as th

Section 64 — Transfers of land subject to mortgage or charge

(1) On the registration of a transfer of land subject to a mortgage or charge, and whether the transfer is executed by the transferee or not, there is implied a covenant by the transferee to —(a) pay the moneys and to perform the obligation

Section 65 — Estates for life and in remainder

(1) Registered land may be transferred for an estate for a life or lives (either with or without a power of appointment over the reversion or remainder), or for an estate in remainder expectant upon the determination of a life or lives, by

Section 66 — Merger of contract in transfer

All obligations created by a contract for the sale of registered land are, upon registration of the transfer giving effect to the contract, deemed to have merged in that transfer unless express provision in writing is made to the contrary.

Section 67 — Merger of registered interests

Where upon the registration of a transfer or other instrument the interests of —(a) lessor and lessee; (b) mortgagor and mortgagee; or (c) chargor and chargee, vest in the same proprietor, any intention to merge those interests must be evid

Section 68 — Form and effect of mortgages and charges

(1) Registered land may be mortgaged to secure payment of a debt by an instrument of mortgage in the approved form.(2) Registered land may be charged to secure payment of a rentcharge, annuity or other periodical sum, or of any money other

Section 69 — Application of Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886

(1) The provisions of Part 4 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886 apply, with the necessary modifications, to mortgages and charges registered under the provisions of this Act.(2) In every mortgage of registered land (unless a c

Section 70 — Standard covenants and conditions applicable to mortgages

Where the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, has under section 172 made rules to prescribe standard covenants and conditions which are to apply to mortgages, the prescribed covenants and conditions are from the date of operation

Section 71 — Submortgages

(1) In this section, “submortgage” means the mortgage of a mortgage and the mortgage of a charge.(2) Upon the registration of a submortgage, all acts, powers and rights which might previously have been done or exercised by the mortgagor or

Section 72 — Custody of documents of title

A first mortgagee is, as between the mortgagee and the mortgagor, entitled to custody of the documents of title to the mortgaged land so long as any liability under the mortgage subsists, but upon a request by the mortgagor, and upon paymen

Section 73 — Transfers made in exercise of power of sale

(1) The Registrar must register in the manner prescribed by section 37 any transfer in the approved form by a mortgagee or chargee made in exercise of a power of sale, without being concerned to inquire whether default has occurred, or whet

Section 74 — Application of proceeds of sale

(1) The money received by a mortgagee who has exercised the mortgagee’s power of sale, after discharge of prior encumbrances to which the sale is not made subject (if any), or after payment into court under the Conveyancing and Law of Prope

Section 75 — Entry into possession

(1) If default is made in payment of the interest, principal or other money, secured by a mortgage or charge, or in payment of any part thereof, the mortgagee or chargee is, as against the mortgagor or chargor and those claiming through or

Section 76 — Foreclosure of mortgages

(1) In the interpretation of any law relating to foreclosure of mortgage, unless repugnant to the context —(a) a mortgagor of registered land who is in default is deemed to have an equity of redemption; and (b) a mortgagee of registered lan

Section 77 — Right to discharge

(1) Upon fulfilling the obligations under a registered mortgage or charge, a mortgagor or chargor is entitled, subject to section 22 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886, to obtain from the mortgagee or chargee a registrable dis

Section 78 — Discharge of mortgages and charges

(1) The parties may agree to the discharge of —(a) the whole of the mortgaged or charged land from a specified part of the principal sum or other money thereby secured; (b) a part of the mortgaged or charged land from the whole of the princ

Section 79 — Satisfaction of charges

(1) Upon —(a) proof of the death of the annuitant, or of the occurrence of any other event or circumstance upon which the annuity or other money secured by a charge ceases to be payable; and (b) lodgment of an application in the approved fo

Section 80 — Tacking of further advances

(1) Despite any other provision of this Act, a prior mortgagee of registered land has the right to make further advances or give further credit or accommodation to rank in priority to subsequent mortgages —(a) if the prior mortgage expressl

Section 81 — Application of this Division

This Division applies to a mortgage which was registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 before the mortgaged land was brought under the provisions of this Act and the mortgage is notified on the relevant folio created for the land

Section 82 — Application of sections 71 to 75 and 78 to 80

Sections 71 to 75 and 78 to 80 apply, with the necessary modifications, to a mortgage to which this Division applies.

Section 83 — Mortgagee to execute transfer

(1) Where the mortgagee of a mortgage to which this Division applies has exercised the mortgagee’s power of sale, the mortgagee must execute a transfer in the approved form for the purpose of transferring all the estate and interest in the

Section 84 — Discharge of a mortgage, etc., notified on land-register

(1) An instrument in respect of any future dealing with a mortgage to which this Division applies (including a reconveyance and a conveyance of the mortgagee’s estate or a submortgage), or pursuant to such a mortgage, must not be registered

Section 85 — Foreclosure of mortgages notified on land-register

(1) Where before or after 1 March 1994, the court has made an order for foreclosure in respect of a mortgage to which this Division applies, the mortgagee in whose favour the foreclosure order is made must —(a) lodge an application in the a

Section 86 — Application of this Part

(1) In the interpretation of this Part, unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, “lease” includes a sublease; but nothing in this Part is to be taken to authorise the breach of a covenant against subletting.(2) Part 3 of the Conv

Section 87 — Form and registration of leases

(1) Registered land may be leased for any term of years exceeding 7 years by an instrument of lease in the approved form.(2) The Registrar must not register any lease unless —(a) the term is expressed to exceed 7 years; (b) the date of comm

Section 88 — Options for renewal and for purchase

(1) Registration of a lease containing an option for renewal or for purchase does not give the option (whether in the form of a covenant or otherwise) any greater effect than it would have had without such registration.(2) The memorial of r

Section 89 — Leases of mortgaged land

(1) A lease of registered land which is subject to a mortgage does not bind the mortgagee unless —(a) the lease is expressly or impliedly authorised, either by the mortgage or by law; or (b) the mortgagee consents to the lease. (2) This sec

Section 90 — Covenants against assigning and subletting

The Registrar need not be concerned to consider whether or not any dealing by a lessee is made in breach of a covenant against assigning or subletting.

Section 91 — Surrender of leases

(1) A lease of registered land may be surrendered —(a) by an instrument of surrender in the approved form; or (b) by operation of law. (2) A surrender must be registered by the entry of a memorial on the relevant folio. (3) Registration of

Section 92 — Determination of leases

(1) Where a lease has been determined —(a) by effluxion of time; (b) by the happening of an event upon which the lease is expressed to determine; or (c) by lawful re-entry and recovery of possession, the lessor may apply to the Registrar in

Section 93 — Implied powers of lessors

(1) In every lease of registered land made under this Act, there are implied the following powers in the lessor:(a) that the lessor or the lessor’s agents, may twice in every year during the term at a reasonable time of the day, upon giving

Section 94 — Interpretation of this Part

(1) In this Part, “dominant tenement” and “servient tenement” mean, respectively, the land to which the benefit of an easement has been made appurtenant, and the land which is subject to the burden of an easement.(2) Nothing in this Act is

Section 95 — Licences not to be registered

(1) The Registrar must not register as an easement any instrument purporting to create an interest —(a) of a kind which has not been recognised by law as an easement; or (b) which is not expressed to be appurtenant to land (whether register

Section 96 — Easements for installations

For the purposes of this Act, the fact that a right to lay or maintain pipes or other installations through the land of a proprietor confers on the person or authority entitled to that right the exclusive possession or occupation of the soi

Section 97 — Registration necessary for creation of easements

(1) An easement is not acquired over registered land by long‑continued user adverse to a proprietor, nor by prescription, nor by any presumption of a lost grant, nor by any implication of law except as may be provided in this Act or section

Section 97A — Power of court to create easements

(1) The court may, on application by an interested person (called in this section the applicant), make an order creating an easement over registered land if the easement is reasonably necessary for the effective use or development of other

Section 98 — Implied easements for passage of water, electricity, drainage, gas and sewerage for development

(1) There is implied in respect of each lot of land which forms part of the same development (called hereinafter the lot) as follows:(a) in favour of the proprietor of the lot, and as appurtenant thereto, easements for the passage or provis

Section 99 — Implied easements for right of way and other rights shown in subdivision plan

(1) Where the competent authority has approved the development and subdivision of any land comprised in an estate before or after 1 March 1994 and the subdivision plan has been submitted to the competent authority, there is implied, in resp

Section 100 — Extinguishment by union of tenements

(1) Except as provided in sections 98 and 99, where upon the registration of a transfer or other instrument, the same person becomes the proprietor for the same estate and in the same interest of both dominant and servient tenements, it is

Section 101 — Easements to pass on transfer without express mention

(1) Upon registration of a transfer or lease of land to which an easement is appurtenant, the easement passes to the transferee or lessee without any express mention in the transfer or lease.(2) Where a transfer of part of a dominant teneme

Section 102 — Contribution to repairs

(1) Where an instrument creating an easement contains a covenant binding either party to contribute to the cost of construction, maintenance or repair of any way, wall, drain or any other matter (the subject of the easement), then, unless a

Section 103 — Grant of right of way

(1) In an instrument purporting to create a right of way over registered land, the expressions “right of carriage way” and “right of footway” have the same effect as if there had been inserted in lieu thereof the words respectively containe

Section 104 — Party walls

(1) In this section, “conveyance” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886, and includes instruments of transfer taking effect under this Act.(2) Where in a conveyance of land made by a person enti

Section 105 — Variation or release of easements

(1) An easement over registered land may be varied or released by an instrument in the approved form.[8/2014] (2) Where an easement over unregistered land is made appurtenant to registered land, the easement may be varied or released in any

Section 105A — Power of court to vary or extinguish easements

(1) The court may, on application by any person with an interest in a servient tenement, make an order to vary or extinguish wholly or in part the easement (including any implied easement) over the servient tenement.[8/2014] (2) An order un

Section 106 — Cancellation of easements

(1) The Registrar must cancel the registration or notification of an easement upon proof to his or her satisfaction that —(a) any period of time for which the easement was intended to subsist has expired; (b) any event upon which the easeme

Section 107 — Transmission on death of proprietors in severalty

(1) Personal representatives or any other person claiming land of a deceased proprietor may apply in the approved form to become registered as proprietors by transmission of the land, and upon proof of their representation or claim, the Reg

Section 108 — Dealings without transmission

Upon production of the grant of probate of the will or letters of administration of the estate of a deceased proprietor, the Registrar may, without requiring a transmission application, register —(a) any transfer by the personal representat

Section 109 — Full number of personal representatives required

(1) Despite the existence of any law empowering less than the full number of personal representatives to deal with the estate of a deceased person, the Registrar must not register any dealing under section 108 nor any transmission applicati

Section 110 — Transmission on bankruptcy

(1) Subject to subsection (1A), the Official Assignee claiming land under a bankruptcy order against a proprietor or under an order for administration in bankruptcy of the estate of a deceased proprietor may apply in the approved form to be

Section 111 — Caveats by Official Assignee

Where the Official Assignee is entitled to take possession of land of a proprietor under a bankruptcy order, or under an appointment of an interim receiver, the Official Assignee may lodge a caveat under section 115.[8/2014]

Section 112 — Bankruptcy: Effect of disclaimer, discharge and annulment

Despite the provisions of any written law relating to bankruptcy for the time being in force, no disclaimer, nor order for the discharge of a bankrupt, nor order for the annulment of a bankruptcy order, operates to divest the Official Assig

Section 113 — Effect of transmission

On registration of any transmission application in accordance with this Part —(a) the estate and interest of the former proprietor, as set forth in the land‑register, together with all easements, rights and powers, thereto belonging or appe

Section 114 — Notice of death or defeasance

(1) Upon the death of a joint tenant or of a life tenant of registered land, the proprietor who has become entitled to that land consequent upon that death may apply in the approved form to have the death notified in the land‑register.(2) U

Section 115 — Caveats may be lodged

(1) Any person claiming an interest in land (whether or not the land has been brought under the provisions of this Act), or any person otherwise authorised by this Act or any other written law to do so, may lodge with the Registrar a caveat

Section 115A — Controller of Residential Property may lodge caveat

For the purposes of section 25 of the Residential Property Act 1976, the Controller of Residential Property (within the meaning of that Act) may, when directed by the Minister under section 25A of that Act, lodge with the Registrar a caveat

Section 116 — Provisional notification of caveats

Where a caveat is lodged with the Registrar and before it has been accepted by the Registrar as being in order for notification, the Registrar must —(a) if the caveat relates to land not yet brought under the provisions of this Act — provis

Section 117 — Notification of caveats

(1) Where the particulars of a caveat have been provisionally entered in the Caveat Index or a folio or both, and the caveat is subsequently accepted by the Registrar as being in order for notification, the Registrar must —(a) if the caveat

Section 118 — Caveats lodged before initial registration

(1) Before bringing land under the provisions of this Act, the Registrar must cause a search to be made for caveats in the Caveat Index, and upon creating a folio for that land must notify thereon any caveat appearing from the search to aff

Section 119 — Effect of caveats

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a caveat which is in order for notification in the land-register at the date of its lodgment takes effect from that date.(2) Where a caveat is lodged against any land which has not yet been brought un

Section 120 — Effect of lodgment of a dealing affecting interest claimed in a caveat

(1) Upon lodgment of a dealing the registration of which is prohibited by a caveat, the Registrar must serve on the caveator a notice of the Registrar’s intention, at the expiration of 30 days from the date of the service of the notice, to

Section 121 — Lapsing of caveats

(1) A caveat lapses and ceases to affect land —(a) at the expiration of the period of 30 days (or of such further period as the court may direct) from the date of the service of the notice given under section 120; or (b) at the expiration o

Section 122 — Extension of caveats

(1) At any time before a caveat has lapsed, a caveator may lodge an extension of caveat in the approved form claiming the same interest as that shown in the caveat and where such an extension of caveat has been lodged and notified in the la

Section 123 — Service of notices on caveator

(1) Where under this Part provision is made for the service on the caveator of a notice relating to a caveat lodged under any provision of this Part, or to any proceedings in respect of such a caveat, the notice is duly served if it is serv

Section 124 — Order for security, etc.

In any proceedings in respect of a caveat, the court may —(a) order that the caveator give an undertaking or security that the court considers sufficient to indemnify every person against any damage that may be sustained by reason of any di

Section 125 — Notifications for lapsing, cancellation or extension of caveats

The Registrar must make the appropriate notifications in the land-register or the Caveat Index of any lapsing, cancellation or extension of any caveat when such event has taken effect.

Section 126 — Withdrawal of caveats

(1) A caveat may be withdrawn either wholly or as to part of the land thereby affected by an instrument of withdrawal signed —(a) by the caveator or the caveator’s authorised agent including a solicitor acting on the caveator’s behalf; (b)

Section 127 — Remedies of caveatee

(1) At any time after the lodgment of a caveat, the caveatee may summon the caveator to attend before the court to show cause why the caveat should not be withdrawn or otherwise removed, and the court may make such order, whether in the abs

Section 128 — Compensation payable for wrongfully lodging caveats, etc.

(1) Any person who wrongfully, vexatiously or without reasonable cause —(a) lodges a caveat with the Registrar; (b) procures the lapsing of such a caveat; or (c) being the caveator, refuses or fails to withdraw such a caveat after being req

Section 129 — Registration of dealings in land

(1) A subsisting caveat lodged to protect any estate or interest in land does not prohibit the registration or notification of any of the following dealings in respect of the same estate or interest in the land:(a) a change or correction in

Section 130 — Right to injunction not affected

Nothing in this Part is to be construed as preventing or restricting a caveator from applying for and obtaining from a court an injunction for the purpose of —(a) restraining the Registrar from registering a dealing the registration of whic

Section 131 — Interpretation of this Part

In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —“enforcement order” means an enforcement order against land issued by a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, and, where the context admits, includes renewal of an enforcement

Section 132 — Enforcement orders and orders not binding unless registered

(1) An enforcement order, or an order of court directing, appointing or empowering some person other than the proprietor to sell or otherwise to deal with or dispose of registered land, does not bind or affect such land until particulars of

Section 133 — Dealings by judgment debtors

(1) The registration of an enforcement order does not prevent the lodgment of instruments executed by the judgment debtor, but any such instrument must not be registered until registration of the enforcement order has been cancelled as in t

Section 134 — Lapsing of enforcement orders

(1) Registration of an enforcement order lapses, and the power of the Sheriff to execute registrable instruments pursuant thereto is extinguished, at the expiration of one year from the date of the registration of the enforcement order, and

Section 135 — Land sold pursuant to enforcement orders

(1) The interest in registered land which may be sold in execution under an enforcement order is the interest which belongs to the judgment debtor at the date of the registration of the enforcement order.[Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2)

Section 136 — Withdrawal and satisfaction of enforcement orders and orders

(1) An enforcement order or order of court may be withdrawn by the judgment creditor or other person for whose benefit it was issued, and the Registrar must, upon receipt of an application made in the approved form, cancel the registration

Section 137 — Vesting orders

(1) In all cases where a vesting order affecting registered land would be made under the Trustees Act 1967, the court may, in accordance with section 51 of that Act, make an order appointing a person to execute such transfers or other instr

Section 138 — Interpretation of this Part

In this Part —“dominant land” means the land to which the benefit of a restriction is annexed; “restriction” means a restriction on the user of registered land created expressly by a covenant other than a covenant contained in a mortgage, c

Section 139 — Notification of restrictions

(1) Any proprietor entitled to burden registered land with restrictions may do so by an instrument in the approved form and, subject to this section, the Registrar must enter a notification of the restrictions on the folio comprising the se

Section 140 — Release and variation of restrictions

(1) The burden of a restriction may be released wholly or in part, and the obligation created by a restriction may be varied, by an instrument in the approved form executed by the proprietor for the time being of the dominant land and by an

Section 141 — Duration of restrictions

(1) Unless extended in the manner provided by this section, a restriction (other than a restriction mentioned in subsection (2)) ceases to be enforceable against assigns of the servient land at the expiry of 20 years from the date of entry

Section 142 — Statutory obligations

(1) For the purposes of this section, “statutory obligation” means —(a) any charge on land; and (b) any order, award, determination, notification, resolution, by‑law or proclamation affecting the title to or restricting or otherwise affecti

Section 143 — Compulsory acquisition of registered land

(1) For the purposes of this section, “public authority” means the Government, the Collector, and any other person, corporation or body, authorised or empowered by any written law to acquire land compulsorily.(2) Where registered land has b

Section 144 — Sale of land for revenue or rates

(1) Where registered land is sold under —(a) Part 2 of the Land Revenue Collection Act 1940; or (b) section 39 of the Property Tax Act 1960, the Collector or the Comptroller of Property Tax (as the case may be) may execute a transfer in the

Section 145 — Statutory vesting not elsewhere provided for

(1) Subject to subsection (3), whenever by the operation of any Act, either directly or by reason of anything done in pursuance thereof, registered land becomes vested in some person other than the proprietor, either alone or jointly or in

Section 146 — Interpretation of this Part

In this Part, “attorney” means any person appointed by an instrument under seal to act as the agent for or on behalf of a principal in relation to transactions with registered land, whether the agent is called attorney, receiver, broker, fa

Section 147 — Registration of instruments executed by attorneys

(1) On lodgment for registration of any instrument executed by an attorney, the Registrar may require the power of attorney or a duly certified copy thereof to be exhibited to him or her, and in case of doubt, or where the Registrar suspect

Section 148 — Exoneration of purchasers

(1) In favour of a purchaser of registered land claiming through an instrument executed by an attorney, the power under which the attorney purports to act is presumed to be in full force and effect at the time of such execution unless the p

Section 149 — General attorneys

(1) Where in a power the attorney is described as the “general attorney” of the principal, the attorney is to be presumed by purchasers of registered land to have power to do all things the doing of which could lawfully be delegated by the

Section 150 — Investigation and registration fees

(1) Any purchaser of registered land from an attorney who is not a “general attorney” within the meaning of section 149 is entitled to be paid by the attorney —(a) the sum of $100 towards the costs of investigating title; and (b) any additi

Section 151 — Assurance fund

(1) From the fees which are collected by the Registrar under this Act, the Authority must set apart the proportion prescribed from time to time by rules made under this Act to constitute an assurance fund, from which are to be paid —(a) any

Section 152 — Registrar may be summoned for refusal to register instruments, etc.

(1) If, upon the application of any person to have land brought under the provisions of this Act, or to have any instrument registered or notified, or to have any certificate of title or other instrument issued, or to have performed or done

Section 153 — Registrar may state a case

(1) Whenever any question of difficulty arises with regard to the performance of the duties, or the exercise of the functions, of the Registrar, he or she may state a case for the opinion of the court, and the court may give its judgment th

Section 154 — Actions for recovery of land

(1) No action of ejectment or other action for the recovery of registered land lies or may be sustained against the proprietor thereof except in the case of —(a) a mortgagee against a mortgagor in default; (b) a chargee against a chargor in

Section 155 — Actions for recovery of damages

(1) Subject to subsection (3), any person who is deprived of land or sustains loss or damage through any omission, mistake or misfeasance of the Registrar, or any member of the Registrar’s staff, in the bringing of the land under the provis

Section 156 — Procedure in actions against assurance fund

(1) Any person intending to claim against the assurance fund must, not less than 14 days before the commencement of the action, serve notice of the person’s claim on the Registrar as nominal defendant, stating the grounds on which the perso

Section 157 — Protection of bona fide purchasers, Authority and Registrar

(1) Despite anything in this Act, no purchaser who has become a proprietor may be subject to action for the recovery of land or of money on the plea that the purchaser’s vendor, or any predecessor in title, may have acted in bad faith.[8/20

Section 158 — Limitation of actions for damages

(1) No action under section 155 shall lie unless such action is commenced within 12 years from the date on which the deprivation occurred or the loss or damage was sustained.(2) Where an action for deprivation, loss or damage has been comme

Section 159 — Correction of errors in land-register

(1) The Registrar may, upon such evidence as appears to him or her sufficient, correct errors and omissions in the land‑register.(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Registrar, of his or her own motion, or at the request of the aggrieve

Section 160 — Rectification of land-register by court

(1) Subject to subsection (2), the court may order rectification of the land-register by directing that any registration be cancelled or amended in any of the following cases:(a) where 2 or more persons have, by mistake, been registered as

Section 161 — Searches by public

(1) Subject to this section, any person may, upon payment of the prescribed fee, have access to the land‑register for the purpose of inspection and search on such days and during such hours and subject to such conditions as may be prescribe

Section 162 — Official searches

(1) Any person may apply in the approved form for an official search in the land‑register to be made on the person’s behalf.(2) Upon receipt of such an application, the Registrar must cause a diligent search to be made, and must issue a cer

Section 163 — Priority affected by final official searches

(1) The Registrar may issue a final official search to any person who wishes to close the land‑register, and who satisfies the Registrar (whether by production of an acknowledgment from the proprietor or otherwise) that the person is a purc

Section 164 — Certified copies: Value as evidence

(1) Subject to subsection (4), the Registrar, upon payment of the prescribed fee, must furnish to any person applying for it a certified copy of any instrument registered under the provisions of this Act, or which is in his or her custody a

Section 165 — Subdivision of registered land

(1) Except as provided in this section, the Registrar must not register any instrument affecting part of the land in a folio until he or she is satisfied that the boundaries and dimensions of part of the land in a folio described in an inst

Section 166 — Trusts

(1) A person named in an instrument as acquiring registered land in a fiduciary capacity may be described in that capacity and the instrument may disclose brief particulars of the trust relating to the consideration paid and for providing t

Section 167 — Exoneration of Authority and Registrar

(1) Where by any Act or instrument or by law any person is exonerated from inquiring as to any matter or fact relating to a title to, or to a power of dealing with, land, or is protected from the effect of notice of any such matter or fact,

Section 168 — Fees and accounts

The Registrar is responsible for collecting such fees as are by this Act directed to be paid, and for accounting for them to the Authority, or as otherwise directed by rules made under this Act.

Section 169 — Offences and penalties

(1) Any person who —(a) fraudulently procures, assists in fraudulently procuring, or is privy to the fraudulent procuring of any certificate of title or other instrument, or of any entry in the land‑register, or any alteration or erasure of

Section 170 — Composition of offences

(1) The Registrar or any person authorised by the Registrar in writing may compound any offence under this Act which is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a

Section 171 — Fees to be paid to Authority

All fees collected by the Registrar or the Land Titles Registry for any matter or thing done therein under this Act must be paid into the funds of the Authority.

Section 172 — Rules

(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make rules not inconsistent with this Act prescribing all matters which are required or permitted to be prescribed, or which are necessary or convenient to

Section 173 — Saving of rights

To avoid doubt, it is declared that nothing in this Act affects the rights conferred on the Public Utilities Board by section 6 of and the Second Schedule to the Public Utilities Act 2001 and by section 4 of the Sewerage, Drainage and Coast

Section 174 — Savings

(1) A reference in this Act to land brought under the provisions of this Act includes a reference to land which has been brought under the provisions of the repealed Land Titles Act (Cap. 157, 1985 Revised Edition) (called in this Part the

Section 175 — Validation of extensions of caveats lodged under repealed Act

(1) Where at any time before 1 March 1994 a caveat was notified on a folio or the Caveat Index under the provisions of Part XI of the repealed Act and an extension of caveat was notified on the folio or Caveat Index in respect of the same m

Section 176 — Transitional provisions

The amendment to section 47 made by section 15 of the Land Titles (Amendment) Act 2001 (Act 25 of 2001) does not affect any person who dealt with a proprietor or who was entitled to be a proprietor under any contract or any other instrument