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1. The Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the other part, the annexes and protocols to the Agreement, as well as the joint declarations and the declarations of the European Community included in the final act, are approved on behalf of the European Community.
2. The texts mentioned in paragraph 1 form part of this Decision.
1. An association is hereby established between the Community and its Member States, of the one part, and Lebanon, of the other part.
2. The aims of this Agreement are to:
(a)
provide an appropriate framework for political dialogue between the Parties, allowing the development of close relations in all areas they consider relevant to such dialogue,
(b)
establish the conditions for the gradual liberalisation of trade in goods, services and capital,
(c)
promote trade and the expansion of harmonious economic and social relations between the Parties, notably through dialogue and cooperation, so as to foster the development and prosperity of Lebanon and its people,
(d)
promote economic, social, cultural, financial and monetary cooperation,
(e)
promote cooperation in other areas which are of mutual interest.
1. The position to be taken by the Community in the context of the Association Council and of the Association Committee, is to be defined by the Council, on the proposal of the Commission, or, if the case arises, by the Commission, in conformity with the relevant provisions of the Treaties.
2. In conformity with Article 75 of the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement, the President of the Council will chair the Association Council. A representative of the Commission will chair the Association Committee, according to the agreed procedural rules.
3. The decision to publish the decisions of the Association Council and of the Association Committee in the Official Journal of the European Communities will be taken in each case respectively by the Council and the Commission.
Relations between the Parties, as well as all the provisions of this Agreement itself, shall be based on respect of democratic principles and fundamental human rights as set out in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, which guides their internal and international policy and constitutes an essential element of this Agreement.
The President of the Council is authorised to designate the person(s) empowered to proceed, in behalf of the European Community, to deposit the act of notification foreseen in Article 91 of the Agreement.
1. A regular political dialogue shall be established between the Parties. It shall help build lasting links of solidarity between the partners which will contribute to the prosperity, stability and security of the Mediterranean region and bring about a climate of understanding and tolerance between cultures.
2. Political dialogue and cooperation are intended in particular to:
(a)
facilitate rapprochement between the Parties through the development of better mutual understanding and regular coordination on international issues of common interest;
(b)
enable each Party to consider the position and interests of the other;
(c)
contribute to consolidating security and stability in the Mediterranean region and in the Middle East in particular;
(d)
promote common initiatives.
Political dialogue shall cover all issues of common interest to the Parties, examining in particular the conditions required to ensure peace and security through support for cooperation. The dialogue shall also seek to create new forms of cooperation directed towards common objectives.
1. Political dialogue shall take place at regular intervals and whenever necessary, notably:
(a)
at ministerial level, mainly in the framework of the Association Council;
(b)
at senior official level of Lebanon, on the one hand, and of the Presidency of the Council and of the Commission on the other;
(c)
by taking full advantage of all diplomatic channels including regular briefings by officials, consultations on the occasion of international meetings and contacts between diplomatic representatives in third countries;
(d)
where appropriate, by any other means which would make a useful contribution to consolidating dialogue and increasing its effectiveness.
2. A political dialogue shall be established between the European Parliament and the Lebanese Parliament.
The Community and Lebanon shall gradually establish a free trade area over a transitional period not exceeding 12 years from the entry into force of this Agreement according to the modalities set out in this Title and in conformity with the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1994 and of the other multilateral agreements on trade in goods annexed to the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO), hereinafter referred to as the GATT.
The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to products originating in the Community and Lebanon falling within Chapters 25 to 97 of the Combined Nomenclature and of the Lebanese Customs tariff with the exception of the products listed in Annex 1.
Imports into the Community of products originating in Lebanon shall be allowed free of customs duties and of any other charge having equivalent effect.
1. Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect applicable on import into Lebanon of products originating in the Community shall be progressively abolished in accordance with the following schedule:
—
five years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 88 % of the basic rate,
—
six years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 76 % of the basic rate,
—
seven years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 64 % of the basic rate,
—
eight years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 52 % of the basic rate,
—
nine years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 40 % of the basic rate,
—
10 years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 28 % of the basic rate,
—
11 years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement each duty and charge shall be reduced to 16 % of the basic rate,
—
12 years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement the remaining duties and charges shall be abolished.
2. In the event of serious difficulties for a given product, the schedule applicable under paragraph 1 above may be reviewed by the Association Committee by common accord on the understanding that the schedule for which the review has been requested may not be extended in respect of the product concerned beyond the maximum transitional period of 12 years. If the Association Committee has not taken a decision within 30 days of an application by Lebanon to review the schedule, Lebanon may suspend the schedule provisionally for a period which may not exceed one year.
3. For each product concerned, the basic duty to be gradually reduced as provided in paragraph 1 shall be the rates referred to in Article 19.
The provisions concerning the abolition of customs duties on imports shall also apply to customs duties of a fiscal nature.
1. Exceptional measures of limited duration which derogate from the provisions of Article 9 may be taken by Lebanon in the form of an increase or reintroduction of customs duties.
2. These measures may only concern new and infant industries, or sectors undergoing restructuring or facing serious difficulties, particularly where these difficulties entail major social problems.
3. Customs duties on imports into Lebanon of products originating in the Community that are introduced by such exceptional measures may not exceed 25 % ad valorem and shall maintain an element of preference for products originating in the Community. The total value of imports of the products which are subject to these measures may not exceed 20 % of the yearly average of total imports of industrial products from the Community during the last three years for which statistics are available.
4. These measures shall be applied for a period not exceeding five years unless a longer duration is authorised by the Association Committee. They shall cease to apply at the latest on the expiry of the maximum transitional period of 12 years.
5. No such measures can be introduced in respect of a product if more than three years have elapsed since the elimination of all duties and quantitative restrictions or charges or measures having equivalent effect concerning that product.
6. Lebanon shall inform the Association Committee of any exceptional measures it intends to adopt and, at the request of the Community, consultations shall be held on the measures and sectors concerned before they are implemented. When adopting such measures Lebanon shall provide the Committee with a schedule for the elimination of the customs duties introduced under this Article. This schedule shall provide for a phasing-out of these duties in equal annual instalments starting no later than the end of the second year following their introduction. The Association Committee may decide on a different schedule.
7. By way of derogation from provisions of paragraph 4, the Association Committee may exceptionally, to take account of the difficulties involved in setting up new industries, endorse the measures already taken by Lebanon pursuant to paragraph 1 for a maximum period of three years beyond the 12-year transitional period.
The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to products originating in the Community and Lebanon falling within Chapters 1 to 24 of the Combined Nomenclature and of the Lebanese Customs tariff and to the products listed in Annex 1.
The Community and Lebanon shall progressively establish a greater liberalisation of their trade in agricultural, fisheries and processed agricultural products, of interest to both parties.
1. Agricultural products originating in Lebanon listed in Protocol 1 on importation into the Community shall be subject to the arrangement set out in that Protocol.
2. Agricultural products originating in the Community listed in Protocol 2 on importation into Lebanon shall be subject to the arrangement set out in that Protocol.
3. Trade in processed agricultural products falling under this chapter shall be subject to the arrangements set out in Protocol 3.
1. Five years after the entry into force of this Agreement, the Community and Lebanon shall assess the situation in order to determine measures to be applied by the Community and Lebanon one year following the revision of this Agreement, in accordance with the objective set out in Article 13.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 1 and taking account of the volume of trade in agricultural, fisheries and processed agricultural products between the two Parties and the particular sensitivity of such products, the Community and Lebanon shall examine on a regular basis in the Association Council, product by product and on an orderly and reciprocal basis, the possibility of granting each other further concessions.
1. In the event of specific rules being introduced as a result of the implementation of its agricultural policy or of any alteration of the current rules or in the event of any alteration or extension of the provisions relating to the implementation of its agricultural policy, the Party concerned may amend the arrangements resulting from this Agreement in respect of the products concerned.
2. The Party carrying out such modification shall inform the Association Committee thereof. At the request of the other Party, the Association Committee shall meet to take due account of the interest of the other Party.
3. If the Community or Lebanon, in applying paragraph 1, modifies the arrangements made by this Agreement for agricultural products, they shall accord imports originating in the other Party an advantage comparable to that provided for in this Agreement.
4. Any modification of the arrangements made by this Agreement shall be the subject, at the request of the other Party, of consultations within the Association Council.
1. Both Parties agree to cooperate to reduce the potential for fraud in the application of the trade provisions of this Agreement.
2. Notwithstanding other provisions of this Agreement, where one Party finds that there is sufficient evidence of fraud such as a significant increase in trade products by one party to the other party, beyond the level reflecting economic conditions such as normal production and export capacities, or failure to provide administrative cooperation as required for the verification of evidence of origin by the other Party, both Parties shall enter into consultations immediately to find an appropriate solution. Pending such a solution, the Party concerned may take the appropriate measures it deems necessary. In the selection of the measure priority must be given to those which least disturb the functioning of the arrangements established in this Agreement.
1. No new customs duties on imports or exports or charges having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Community and Lebanon, nor shall those already applied upon entry into force of this Agreement be increased unless this Agreement provides otherwise.
2. No new quantitative restriction on imports or measure having equivalent effect shall be introduced in trade between the Community and Lebanon.
3. Quantitative restrictions on imports and measures having equivalent effect in trade between Lebanon and the Community shall be abolished upon the entry into force of this Agreement.
4. Neither the Community nor Lebanon shall apply to exports between themselves either customs duties or charges having equivalent effect, or quantitative restrictions or measures of equivalent effect.
1. For each product the basic rate to which the successive reductions laid down in Article 9(1) are to be applied shall be that actually applied vis-à-vis the Community on the day of conclusion of the negotiations.
2. In the event of the accession of Lebanon to the WTO, the applicable rates for imports between the Parties shall be the WTO bound rate or lower effectively applied rate enforced as of the date of the accession. If, after the accession to the WTO, a tariff reduction is applied on an erga omnes basis, the reduced rate shall apply.
3. The provision laid down in paragraph 2 is of application for any tariff reduction applied after the day of conclusion of the negotiations on an erga omnes basis.
4. The Parties shall communicate to each other their respective applied rates on the day of conclusion of the negotiations.
Products originating in Lebanon shall not enjoy more favourable treatment when imported into the Community than that applied by Member States among themselves.
1. The Parties shall refrain from any measure or practice of an internal fiscal nature establishing, whether directly or indirectly, discrimination between the products of one Party and like products originating in the territory of the other Party.
2. Products exported to the territory of one of the Parties may not benefit from repayment of indirect internal taxation in excess of the amount of indirect taxation imposed on them either directly or indirectly.
1. This Agreement shall not preclude the maintenance or establishment of customs unions, free trade areas or arrangements for frontier trade except in so far as they alter the trade arrangements provided for in this Agreement.
2. Consultations between the Parties shall take place within the Association Committee concerning agreements establishing such customs unions or free trade areas and, where requested, on other major issues related to their respective trade policies with third countries. In particular, in the event of a third country acceding to the Community, such consultations shall take place so as to ensure that account can be taken of the mutual interests of the Community and Lebanon.
If one of the Parties finds that dumping is taking place in trade with the other Party in line with prevailing international rules as defined in Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and related internal legislation, it may take appropriate measures against this practice in accordance with the WTO Agreement on the implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and related internal legislation.
1. Without prejudice to Article 35, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures shall apply between the Parties.
2. Until the necessary rules referred to in Article 35(2) are adopted, if either Party finds that subsidy is taking place in trade with the other Party in line with prevailing international rules as defined in Articles VI and XVI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and related internal legislation, it may invoke appropriate measures against this practice in accordance with those rules as defined by the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and related internal legislation.
1. The provisions of Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards and related internal legislation are applicable between the Parties.
2. Before applying safeguard measures as defined by international rules, the Party intending to apply such measures shall supply the Association Committee with all relevant information required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to the Parties.
In order to find such a solution the Parties shall immediately hold consultations within the Association Committee. If, as a result of the consultations, the Parties do not reach an agreement within thirty days of the initiation of the consultations on a solution to avoid the application of the safeguard measures, the Party intending to apply safeguard measures may apply the provisions of Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
3. In the selection of safeguard measures pursuant to this Article, the Parties shall give priority to those, which cause least disturbance to the achievement of the objectives of this Agreement.
4. Safeguard measures shall be notified immediately to the Association Committee and shall be the subject of periodic consultations within the Committee, particularly with a view to their abolition as soon as circumstances permit.
1. Where compliance with the provisions of Article 18(4) leads to:
(a)
re-export to a third country against which the exporting Party maintains, for the product concerned, quantitative export restrictions, export duties or measures or charges having equivalent effect,
or
(b)
a serious shortage, or threat thereof, of a product essential to the exporting Party,
and where the situations referred to above give rise, or are likely to give rise, to major difficulties for the exporting Party, that Party may take appropriate measures under the conditions and in accordance with the procedures laid down in paragraph 2.
2. The difficulties arising from the situations referred to in paragraph 1 shall be submitted for examination to the Association Committee. The Association Committee may take any decision needed to put an end to the difficulties. If it has not taken such a decision within thirty days of the matter being referred to it, the exporting Party may apply appropriate measures on the exportation of the product concerned. The measures shall be non-discriminatory and shall be eliminated when conditions no longer justify their maintenance.
Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security; of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants; of the protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value; of the protection of intellectual industrial and commercial property; of rules relating to gold and silver and conservation of exhaustible natural resources. Such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between the Parties.
The concept of ‘originating products’ for the application of the provisions of the present Title and the methods of administrative cooperation relating thereto are laid down in Protocol 4.
The Combined Nomenclature of goods shall be applied to the classification of goods for imports into the Community. The Lebanese customs tariff shall be applied to the classification of goods for imports into Lebanon.
1. Treatment granted by either Party to the other with respect to the right of establishment and the supply of services shall be based on each Party's commitments and other obligations under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). This provision shall take effect from the date of the final accession of Lebanon to the WTO.
2. Lebanon undertakes to provide a schedule of specific commitments on services, prepared in accordance with Article XX of the GATS, to the European Community and their Member States as soon as it is finalised.
3. The Parties undertake to consider development of the above provisions with a view to the establishment of an ‘economic integration agreement’ as defined in Article V of the GATS.
4. The objective provided for in paragraph 3 shall be subject to a first examination by the Association Council one year after the entry into force of this Agreement.
5. The Parties shall not, between the date of entry into force of this Agreement and Lebanon's accession to the WTO, take any measures or actions which render the conditions for the supply of services by Community or Lebanese service suppliers more discriminatory than those existing on the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
6. For the purposes of this Title:
(a)
‘service suppliers’ of a Party means any juridical or natural person that seeks to provide or provides a service;
(b)
a ‘juridical person’ means a company or a subsidiary, set up in accordance with the laws either of a Member State of the Community or of Lebanon and having its registered office, central administration or principal place of business in the territory either of the Community or of Lebanon. Should the juridical person have only its registered office or central administration in the territory either of the Community or of Lebanon, it shall not be considered as either a Community or a Lebanese juridical person, unless its operations possess a real and continuous link with the economy either of the Community or Lebanon;
(c)
‘subsidiary’ means a juridical person which is effectively controlled by another juridical person;
(d)
‘natural person’ means a person who is a national either of a Member State of the Community or of Lebanon according to their respective national legislations.
Within the framework of the provisions of this Agreement, and subject to the provisions of Articles 33 and 34, there shall be no restrictions between the Community of the one part, and Lebanon of the other part, on the movement of capital and no discrimination based on the nationality or on the place of residence of their nationals or on the place where such capital is invested.
Current payments connected with the movement of goods, persons, services or capital within the framework of this Agreement shall be free of all restrictions.
1. Subject to other provisions in this Agreement and other international obligations of the Community and Lebanon, the provisions of Articles 31 and 32 shall be without prejudice to the application of any restriction which exists between them on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, in respect of the movement of capital between them involving direct investment, including in real estate, establishment, the provision of financial services or the admission of securities to capital markets.
2. However, the transfer abroad of investments made in Lebanon by Community residents or in the Community by Lebanese residents and of any profit stemming therefrom shall not be affected.
Where one or several Member States of the Community or Lebanon face or risk facing serious difficulties concerning balance of payments, the Community or Lebanon respectively may, in conformity with the conditions laid down within the framework of the GATT and Articles VIII and XIV of the Statutes of the International Monetary Fund, take restrictive measures with regard to current payments if such measures are strictly necessary. The Community or Lebanon, as appropriate, shall inform the other Party immediately thereof and shall provide as soon as possible a timetable for the removal of such measures.
1. The following are incompatible with the proper functioning of this Agreement, insofar as they may affect trade between the Community and Lebanon:
(a)
all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices between undertakings which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition, as defined by their respective legislation;
(b)
abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position in the territories of the Community or Lebanon as a whole or in a substantial part thereof, as defined by their respective legislation.
2. The Parties will enforce their respective competition legislation and shall exchange information taking into account the limitations imposed by the requirements of confidentiality. The necessary rules for cooperation in order to implement paragraph 1 shall be adopted by the Association Committee within five years of entry into force of this Agreement.
3. If the Community or Lebanon considers that a particular practice is incompatible with the terms of paragraph 1 of this Article, and if such practice causes or threatens to cause serious prejudice to the other Party, it may take appropriate measures after consultation within the Association Committee or after thirty working days following referral for such consultation.
The Member States and Lebanon shall progressively adjust, without prejudice to their commitments respectively taken or to be taken under the GATT, any State monopolies of a commercial character, so as to ensure that, by the end of the fifth year following the entry into force of this Agreement, no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between nationals of the Member States and of Lebanon. The Association Committee will be informed about the measures adopted to implement this objective.
With regard to public enterprises and enterprises to which special or exclusive rights have been granted, the Association Council shall ensure that as from the fifth year following the date of entry into force of this Agreement there is neither enacted nor maintained any measure distorting trade between the Community and Lebanon to an extent contrary to the Parties' interests. This provision should not obstruct the performance in law or in fact of the particular tasks assigned to these enterprises.
1. Pursuant to the provisions of this Article and of Annex 2, the Parties shall ensure adequate and effective protection of intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights in conformity with the highest international standards, including effective means of enforcing such rights.
2. The implementation of this Article and of Annex 2 shall be regularly reviewed by the Parties. If problems in the area of intellectual property protection affecting trading conditions occur, urgent consultations shall be undertaken, at the request of either Party, with a view to reaching mutually satisfactory solutions.
1. The Parties shall take as their aim a reciprocal and gradual liberalisation of public procurement contracts.
2. The Association Council shall take the steps necessary to implement paragraph 1.
1. The two Parties shall together establish the strategies and procedures needed to achieve cooperation in the fields covered by this Title.
2. The Parties undertake to intensify economic cooperation in their mutual interest and in the spirit of partnership which is at the root of this Agreement.
3. The aim of economic cooperation shall be to support Lebanon's own efforts to achieve sustainable economic and social development.
1. Cooperation shall be targeted first and foremost at areas of activity suffering the effects of internal constraints and difficulties or affected by the process of liberalising Lebanon's economy as a whole, and more particularly by the liberalisation of trade between Lebanon and the Community.
2. Similarly, cooperation shall focus on areas likely to bring the economies of the Community and Lebanon closer together, particularly those which will generate growth and employment.
3. Preservation of the environment and ecological balances shall constitute a central component of the various fields of economic cooperation.
4. The Parties may agree to extend the economic cooperation to other sectors not covered by the provisions of this Title.
Economic cooperation shall be implemented in particular by:
(a)
a regular economic dialogue between the Parties, which covers all areas of macroeconomic policy;
(b)
regular exchange of information and ideas in every sector of cooperation including meetings of officials and experts;
(c)
transfer of advice, expertise and training;
(d)
implementation of joint actions such as seminars and workshops;
(e)
technical, administrative and regulatory assistance;
(f)
the dissemination of information on cooperation.
Cooperation aims at:
(a)
defining the means to appreciably improve the situation in the field of education and training, particularly in vocational training;
(b)
encouraging the setting up of strong links between agencies specialised in joint actions, and the exchange of experiences and know-how, essentially, the exchange of youth, exchanges between universities and other educational institutions, so as to bring cultures closer together;
(c)
particularly encouraging access of the female population to education, including technical and higher education, and vocational training.
The aim of cooperation shall be to:
(a)
encourage the establishment of permanent links between the Parties' scientific communities, notably by means of:
—
providing Lebanon with access to Community research and technological development programmes in accordance with Community rules governing non-Community countries' involvement in such programmes,
—
Lebanese participation in networks of decentralised cooperation,
—
promoting synergy between training and research;
(b)
improve Lebanon's research capabilities; and its technological development;
(c)
stimulate technological innovation and the transfer of new technology and dissemination of know-how;
(d)
study the ways Lebanon can participate in European framework programmes for research.
1. The Parties shall encourage cooperation in preventing deterioration of the environment, controlling pollution and ensuring the rational use of natural resources, with a view to ensuring sustainable development.
2. Cooperation shall be centred upon:
(a)
water quality in the Mediterranean, and control and prevention of marine pollution;
(b)
waste management, particularly that of toxic waste;
(c)
salinisation;
(d)
environmental management of sensitive coastal areas;
(e)
environmental education and awareness;
(f)
the use of advanced instruments for environmental management and monitoring, and in particular the use of the environment information system and studies on environmental impact;
(g)
the effect of industrial development on the environment in general and on the safety of industrial plant in particular;
(h)
the effect of agriculture on soil quality and water quality;
(i)
soil preservation and conservation;
(j)
rational management of water resources;
(k)
joint research and monitoring activities as well as programmes and projects.
The aim of cooperation shall be to:
(a)
encourage cooperation between the Parties' economic operators, including cooperation in the context of access for Lebanon to Community business networks;
(b)
support the effort to modernise and restructure Lebanon's public and private sector industry (including the agri-food industry);
(c)
foster an environment which favours private initiative, with the aim of stimulating and diversifying output for the domestic and export markets;
(d)
enhance Lebanon's human resources and industrial potential through better use of policy in the fields of innovation and research and technological development;
(e)
facilitate access to capital markets to finance productive investment;
(f)
encourage the development of SMEs, particularly by:
—
promoting contacts between enterprises, partly by using Community networks and instruments for the promotion of industrial cooperation and partnership,
—
facilitating credit access for financing investment,
—
making information and support services available,
—
enhance human resources to encourage innovation, and setting up projects and economic activities.
1. Cooperation shall aim at increasing the flow of capital, expertise and technology to Lebanon through, inter alia :
(a)
appropriate means of identifying investment opportunities and information channels on investment regulations;
(b)
providing information on European investment regimes (technical assistance, direct financial support, fiscal incentives, investment insurance, etc.) related to outward investment and enhancing the possibility of Lebanon to benefit from them;
(c)
examining the creation of joint ventures (especially for small and medium-sized enterprises), and when appropriate the conclusion of agreements between the Member States and Lebanon;
(d)
establishing mechanisms for encouraging and promoting investments;
(e)
the development of a legal framework conducive to investment between the two Parties, through the conclusion by Lebanon and the Member States of investment protection agreements, where appropriate, and agreements preventing double taxation.
2. Cooperation may extend to the planning and implementation of projects demonstrating the effective acquisition and use of basic technologies, the use of standards, the development of human resources and the creation of jobs locally.
2006/356/EC: Council Decision of 14 February 2006 concerning the conclusion of the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Community and its Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the other part (EUR-Lex). Retrieved via LawPlayer, https://lawplayer.com/eu/act/32006D0356
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