ANNEX
European Union support of UNSCR 2235 (2015) in the framework of the implementation of the EU Strategy against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
1. General framework and objectives
In April 2014, at the peak of the operation to remove and destroy Syria's chemical weapons, a number of serious allegations were made regarding the use of chlorine as a weapon against civilians. The Director-General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) established an OPCW fact-finding mission (FFM) to look into these allegations. His decision was supported by the OPCW Executive Council and the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General pledged his assistance.
A team comprising OPCW and UN personnel attempted in May 2014 to conduct an on-site investigation in one of the villages reportedly attacked with chlorine. While crossing a buffer zone between the areas controlled by the Syrian government and those controlled by the opposition, the team came under armed attack and had to abort the mission. The FFM nonetheless continued its work and interviewed eyewitnesses, treating physicians, first responders and victims in a safe location outside Syria. Based on this work, the FFM concluded with a high degree of confidence that chlorine, either pure or in mixture, had indeed been used as a weapon in three villages in northern Syria.
The OPCW Executive Council, in its decision EC-M-48/DEC.1 adopted on 4 February 2015, expressed serious concern regarding the findings of the FFM and reaffirmed its condemnation, in the strongest possible terms, of the use of chemical weapons by anyone in any circumstances. The OPCW Executive Council expressed further support for the continuation of the work of the FFM, in particular by studying all available information relating to allegations of the use of chemical weapons in Syria, including information provided by the Syrian Arab Republic as well as by others. This was followed by the adoption on 6 March 2015 of UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2209 (2015), in which the UN Security Council endorsed the OPCW Executive Council decision and called for those responsible for such attacks to be held accountable.
Following up on that Resolution, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted, on 7 August 2015, UNSCR 2235 (2015), condemning any use of toxic chemicals, such as chlorine, as a chemical weapon in the Syrian Arab Republic and expressing its determination to identify those responsible for such acts. In this regard, the UN Security Council recalled the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare; the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (CWC); and UNSCRs 1540 (2004), 2118 (2013) and 2209 (2015). The UN Security Council established for a period of one year, with the possibility of future extension if it deems it necessary, an OPCW-UN joint investigative mechanism (JIM) to identify to the greatest extent feasible individuals, entities, groups or governments who were perpetrators, organisers, sponsors or otherwise involved in the use of chemicals, including chlorine or any other toxic chemical, as weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, where the OPCW FFM determines or has determined that a specific incident in the Syrian Arab Republic involved or likely involved the use of chemicals, including chlorine or any other toxic chemical, as weapons. That mechanism is currently being established.
For this purpose, the Union should support OPCW and the JIM in their respective tasks under UNSCR 2235 (2015) and the OPCW Executive Council decision EC-M-48/DEC.1, as well as the CWC.
2. Description of the projects
A. Project 1: OPCW FFMs
1. Project purpose
To support the implementation of the OPCW FFM's mandate, under both UNSCR 2235 (2015) and the OPCW Executive Council decision EC-M-48/DEC.1, as well as the CWC, by covering the FFM's related operational costs. Those costs include the hiring of external consultants with specific skills (e.g. interpreters and doctors), as well as OPCW equipment required by the FFM team.
2. Expected results
The FFM's ongoing work will shed light on a number of allegations of the use of toxic chemicals in the Syrian Arab Republic, and shall cooperate closely with the JIM, thereby contributing to the fulfilment of the JIM's mandate under paragraph 5 of UNSCR 2235 (2015).
3. Project description
The FFM shall continue to assess whether alleged incidents in the Syrian Arab Republic involved or likely involved the use of chemicals as weapons. The FFM's activities cover allegations of both past incidents and incidents that may occur in the future. The complexity of these activities is likely to vary considerably; hence the exact number of deployments cannot be accurately determined.
Based on the experience of deployments in 2015, the OPCW expects that in 2016 FFM operations may involve the deployment of six to12 inspectors on six missions, the duration of each being approximately three weeks. It is likely that each mission will include the hiring of external consultants with specific skills, such as interpreters and doctors.
The following activities are planned as part of the FFM:
(a)
Interviews: the nature of alleged incidents is such that a wide variety of witnesses may need to be interviewed. These include:
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medical staff,
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first responders,
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treating physicians,
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casualties,
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other witnesses.
As such, interview teams need to have a multifaceted expertise including weapons, chemicals, medical signs and symptoms, as well as interpretation.
(b)
Medical examinations and the taking of biomedical samples.
(c)
Sample identification, collection and analysis.
(d)
Evidence-handling, including open source as well as items provided by witnesses and third parties. Complementary to the interview teams, multifaceted expertise is also particularly required in this area.
(e)
Report writing.
(f)
Training, including refresher training in order to stay up to date with modern practices:
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safe and security approaches in the field,
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interview techniques,
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evidence-handling and storage, including chain of custody,
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awareness of explosive remnants of war,
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toxic chemicals training course,
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forensic awareness,
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basic industrial chemistry and chemical profiling.
(g)
Site-assessment and scene-exploitation.
(h)
Mission-support personnel and expertise, particularly for complex missions.
B. Project 2: OPCW-UN JIM
1. Project purpose
To support the quick establishment of the JIM and its ability to begin its full operations under UNSCR 2235 (2015).
2. Expected results
The identification to the greatest extent feasible of individuals, entities, groups or governments who were perpetrators, organisers, sponsors or otherwise involved in the use of chemicals, including chlorine or any other toxic chemical, as weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic.
3. Project description
The UN Security Council approved UN Secretary-General's recommendations regarding the establishment and operation of the JIM and requested that the UN Secretary-General, in coordination with the OPCW Director-General, undertake without delay the steps, measures and arrangements necessary for the speedy establishment and full functioning of the JIM, including recruiting impartial and experienced staff with relevant skills and expertise to fully implement the responsibilities pursuant to UNSCR 2235 (2015).
The JIM shall be led by an independent, three-member panel (the ‘Leadership Panel’) to be supported by a core staff of professionals grouped into three components. In this regard, the JIM shall be headed by an Assistant Secretary-General with overall responsibility and two Deputies responsible for the political and investigation components, respectively.
The leadership of the JIM shall be supported by three components. A Political Office, to be based in New York, shall provide political analysis, legal advice, media relations and administrative support. An Investigation Office, to be based in The Hague, shall provide chemical and medical analysis, forensics, military ordnance analysis, investigation and information analysis. An Operations Support Office, to be based in New York, shall provide support to the political and investigation components.
The core staff of the JIM, with the exception of those in an administrative function, shall be funded from the regular budget. The Security Council has decided that material and technical needs shall be funded by voluntary contributions. For that purpose, the UN Secretary-General established a trust fund, which shall be administered in accordance with the administrative and financial regulations of the UN.
In accordance with the EU strategy against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, which sets the objective of fostering the role of the UN Security Council and enhancing its expertise in meeting the challenges of proliferation, the Union shall support the implementation of UNSCR 2235 (2015), in particular in those areas having a high potential for visible and quick impact in the establishment of the JIM and its ability to begin its full operations.
This includes support for the following activities:
(a)
finalising the setting up of offices in both New York and The Hague for the Leadership Panel and its Political and Investigation Offices, respectively, as well as the Operations Support Office, and the purchasing of office furniture and lockable cabinets to ensure the secure storage of information and materials received and/or generated by the JIM;
(b)
developing and implementing a record-management system within a robust information security regime to be applied to all information obtained or generated by the JIM in the conduct of its work; this regime shall take into account the confidentiality and security requirements deemed necessary for the storage and use of information and materials received and/or generated by the JIM;
(c)
preparing for the possible deployment of JIM investigators to the Syrian Arab Republic if the JIM deems this to be necessary for its investigation and determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that access to Syria, including in areas within the Syrian territory but outside of the control of the Syrian Arab Republic, is justified;
(d)
purchasing communications, security-related equipment, and office supplies, to support the JIM in the implementation of its mandate. These shall include IT equipment (a dedicated server, computers, laptops with docking stations, an additional set of computers for an intranet network not linked to the internet, commercial shredders, etc.) needed to ensure the implementation of the information security regime referred to in point (b).
Additional expertise and activities shall be funded by voluntary contributions as requirements continue to emerge. Ad hoc expert consultants shall be hired for short periods, including for the speedy development of the record-management system and the information security regime referred to in point (b), as well as the development of standard operating procedures.
3. Duration
The estimated implementation period for these projects is 12 months.
4. Implementing agencies
The OPCW will be entrusted with the technical implementation of project 1. That project shall be implemented by staff of the OPCW, experts and contractors.
The United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs on behalf of the OPCW-UN JIM shall be entrusted with the technical implementation of project 2. That project shall be implemented by the staff of the JIM, consultants and contractors.
The UN and the OPCW will develop their activities in cooperation with relevant partners, including international organisations and agencies, to ensure effective synergies and avoid duplication.
5. Union visibility
The implementing agencies shall take all appropriate measures to publicise the fact that the action is funded by the Union. Such measures shall be implemented in accordance with the Communication and visibility manual for EU external actions published by the European Commission.
6. Reporting
The implementing agencies shall prepare:
(a)
regular reports on the implementation of the projects concerned; and
(b)
a final report not later than 3 months after the completion of the relevant activities.
7. Estimated total cost of the projects
The estimated total cost of the projects is EUR 4 586 096,00.
