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This Regulation establishes the detailed technical requirements and test procedures regarding functional safety, except with respect to braking performance, for the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles and the systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.
The definitions of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall apply. In addition, the following definitions shall apply:
(1)
‘Towing device’ means a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical link between the tractor and a towing vehicle to tow the tractor away in case it cannot be self-propelled;
(2)
‘Unladen mass in running order’ of a vehicle means the mass of the unladen vehicle ready for normal use and including the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, coolant, lubricants, fuel, tools and driver (considered equal to 75 kg) and excluding optional accessories;
(3)
‘Steering control’ means the part directly operated by the driver in order to steer the tractor;
(4)
‘Steering effort’ means the force exerted by the driver on the steering control in order to steer the tractor;
(5)
‘Tyres normally fitted’ means the type or types of tyre provided by the manufacturer on the vehicle type in question and specified in the information document the template of which is set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013;
(6)
‘Tracks normally fitted’ means the type or types of track provided by the manufacturer on the vehicle type in question and specified in the information document the template of which is set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013;
(7)
‘Rear-view mirror’ means any device intended to give, within the field of vision geometrically defined in point 5 of Annex IX, a clear view to the rear which, within reasonable limits, is not blocked by component parts of the tractor or by the occupants of the tractor itself;
(8)
‘Interior rear-view mirror’ means a rear-view mirror which is fitted inside the cab or frame of a tractor;
(9)
‘Class of rear-view mirror’ means all rear-view mirrors having one or more common characteristics or functions;
(10)
‘Lamp’ means a device designed to illuminate the road (headlamp) or to emit a light signal;
(11)
‘Tractor wheelbase’ or ‘Vehicle wheelbase’ means the distance between the vertical planes perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the tractor or of the vehicle passing through the axles of the tractor or of the vehicle;
(12)
‘Laden vehicle’ means the vehicle laden to the maximum permitted technical mass.
1. Manufacturers shall equip agricultural and forestry vehicles with systems, components and separate technical units affecting their functional safety that are designed, constructed and assembled so as to enable the vehicle in normal use and maintained according to the prescriptions of the manufacturer to comply with the detailed technical requirements and testing procedures laid down in Articles 5 to 38.
2. Manufacturers shall demonstrate by means of physical demonstration testing to the approval authority that the agricultural and forestry vehicles made available on the market, registered or entering into service in the Union comply with the functional safety requirements laid down in Article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Annex I to that Regulation and comply with the detailed technical requirements and test procedures laid down in Articles 5 to 38 of this Regulation.
3. Manufacturers shall ensure that spare parts that are made available on the market or are entering into service in the Union comply with the detailed technical requirements and test procedures laid down in this Regulation.
4. Manufacturers shall submit to the approval authority a description of the measures taken to prevent tampering with, and modification of, the powertrain management system, including the functional safety electronic control computers, where fitted.
The UNECE regulations and amendments thereto set out in Annex I to this Regulation shall apply to type-approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles.
1. The functional safety performance test procedures shall be performed in accordance with the test requirements laid down in this Regulation.
2. The tests shall be carried out or witnessed by the approval authority or, where authorised by the approval authority, by the technical service.
3. The measurement methods and test results shall be reported to the approval authority in the test report format set out in Article 68(f) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.
The performance requirements applying to vehicle structure integrity referred to in Article 17(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be verified in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to speed, speed governors and speed-limitation devices referred to in Article 17(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to steering for fast tractors referred to in Article 17(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex IV to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to steering referred to in Article 17(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex V to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to speedometer referred to in Article 17(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to field of vision and windscreen wipers referred to in Article 17(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex VII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to glazing referred to in Article 17(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex VIII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to rear view mirrors referred to in Article 17(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex IX to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to driver information systems referred to in Article 17(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex X to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources referred to in Article 17(2)(d) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XI to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to lighting installations referred to in Article 17(2)(d) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to occupant protection, including interior fittings, head restraint, seat belts and vehicle doors referred to in Article 17(2)(e) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XIII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to vehicle exterior and accessories referred to in Article 17(2)(f) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XIV to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to electromagnetic compatibility referred to in Article 17(2)(g) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XV to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to audible warning devices referred to in Article 17(2)(h) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XVI to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to heating systems referred to in Article 17(2)(i) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XVII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to devices to prevent unauthorised use referred to in Article 17(2)(j) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XVIII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to registration plates referred to in Article 17(2)(k) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XIX to this Regulation.
The requirements applying to statutory plates and marking referred to in Article 17(2)(k) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be verified in accordance with Annex XX to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to dimensions and trailer masses referred to in Article 17(2)(l) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXI to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to the maximum laden mass referred to in Article 17(2)(l) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to ballast masses referred to in Article 17(2)(l) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXIII to this Regulation.
The requirements applying to electrical systems referred to in Article 17(2)(m) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be verified in accordance with Annex XXIV to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to fuel tanks referred to in Article 17(2)(a) and (m) and 18(2)(l) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXV to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to rear protective structures referred to in Article 17(2)(n) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXVI to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to lateral protection referred to in Article 17(2)(o) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXVII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and requirements applying to load platforms referred to in Article 17(2)(p) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXVIII to this Regulation.
The performance requirements applying to towing devices referred to in Article 17(2)(q) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be verified in accordance with Annex XXIX to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to tyres referred to in Article 17(2)(r) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXX to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to spray-suppression systems referred to in Article 17(2)(s) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXXI to this Regulation.
The requirements applying to the reverse gear referred to in Article 17(2)(t) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be verified in accordance with Annex XXXII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to tracks referred to in Article 17(2)(u) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXXIII to this Regulation.
The test procedures and performance requirements applying to mechanical couplings referred to in Article 17(2)(v) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be conducted and verified in accordance with Annex XXXIV to this Regulation.
With effect from 1 January 2018, national authorities shall, in the case of new vehicles that do not comply with Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and this Regulation on functional safety, prohibit the making available on the market, registration, or entry into service of such vehicles.
National authorities shall not refuse to grant national type-approval to a type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit on grounds relating to functional safety where the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit complies with the requirements set out in this Regulation, with the exception of requirements on the following:
(a)
vehicle dimensions and trailer mass set out in Article 25;
(b)
maximum laden mass set out in Article 26;
(c)
mean ground contact pressure and maximum load per track roller for tractors of category C set out in Article 37;
(d)
signalling panels and foils, set out in Article 16, of S-category vehicles with width exceeding 2,55 m.
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .
It shall apply as of 1 January 2016.
ANNEX I
List of applicable UNECE regulations
Regulation Number
Subject
Series of amendments
OJ Reference
Applicability
3
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 12 to the 02 series of amendments
OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 1
T, C, R and S
4
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 14 to the original version of the Regulation
Supplement 15 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 31, 31.1.2009, p. 35
OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 17
T, C, R and S
5
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Incorporating all valid text up to 03 series of amendments
OJ L 162, 29.5.2014, p. 1
T and C
6
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 19 to the 01 series of amendments
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 18
Supplement 19 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 40
T, C, R and S
7
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Lighting installation
Supplement 16 to the 02 series of amendments
OJ L 148, 12.6.2010, p. 1
T, C, R and S
10
Electromagnetic compatibility
04 series of amendments
Corrigendum 1 to the Revision 4
Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments
OJ L 254, 20.9.2012, p. 1
T and C
18
Devices to prevent unauthorised use
Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments
OJ L 120, 13.5.2010, p. 29
T and C
19
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments
OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 113
T and C
21
Interior fittings – doors
Supplement 3 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 188, 16.7.2008, p. 32
T and C
23
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 17 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 4, 17.1.2012, p. 18
T, C, R and S
25
Head restraints
04 series of amendments
Corrigendum 2 to Revision 1 of the Regulation
OJ L 215, 14.8.2010, p. 1
T and C
28
Audible warning devices
Supplement 3 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 33
T and C
30
Tyres
Supplement 15 to the 02 series of amendments
Supplement 16 to the 02 series of amendments
OJ L 201, 30.7.2008, p. 70
OJ L 307, 23.11.2011, p. 1
T, R and S
31
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 7 to the 02 series of amendments
OJ L 185, 17.7.2010, p. 15
T and C
37
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 34 to the 03 series of amendments
OJ L 297, 13.11.2010, p. 1
T, C and R
38
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 15 to the original version of the Regulation
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 12
Amendments to Regulation 38 incorporating Supplement 15 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 148, 12.6.2010, p. 55
OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 20
T and C
43
Glazing
Supplement 2 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 42, 12.02.2014, p. 1
T and C
46
Rear view mirrors
Supplement 4 to the 02 series of amendments
Corrigendum 1 to supplement 4
OJ L 177, 10.7.2010, p. 211
T and C
48
Lighting installation
Supplement 6 to the 04 series of amendments
05 series of amendments
OJ L 323, 6.12.2011, p. 46
T, C, R and S
54
Tyres
Supplement 16 to the original version of the Regulation
Supplement 17 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 183, 11.7.2008, p. 41
OJ L 307, 23.11.2011, p. 2
T, R and S
55
Mechanical couplings
Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 227, 28.8.2010, p. 1
T, C, R and S
62
Devices to prevent unauthorised use
Supplement 2 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 89, 27.3.2013, p. 37
T and C
69
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Lighting installation
Supplement 5 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 200, 31.7.2010, p. 1
T and C
T, C, R and S
73
Lateral protection
01 series of amendments
OJ L 122, 8.5.2012, p. 1
R3b and R4B
75
Tyres
Supplement 13 to the Regulation in its original form
OJ L 84, 30.3.2011, p. 46
T, R and S
77
Lighting installation
Supplement 14 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 4
T, C, R and S
79
Steering for fast tractors
Supplement 3 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 137, 27.5.2008, p. 25
Tb and Cb
81
Rear view mirrors
Supplement 2 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 185, 13.7.2012, p. 1
T and C with straddle seat and handlebar
87
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 14 to the original version of the Regulation
Correction 1 to Revision 2
Supplement 15 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 46
OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 24
T and C
89
Maximum design speed, speed governors and speed limitation devices
Supplement 1 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 158, 19.6.2007, p. 1
T and C
91
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 11 to the original version of the Regulation
Supplement 12 to the original version of the Regulation
Supplement 13 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 69
OJ L 4, 7.1.2012, p. 27
R and S
98
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 176, 14.6.2014, p. 64
T and C
99
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 5 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 151
T and C
104
Lighting installation
Amendments incorporating all valid text up to: Supplement 7 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 75, 14.3.2014, p. 29
T, C, R and S
106
Tyres
Supplement 8 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 257, 30.9.2010, p. 231
T, R and S
112
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Supplement 12 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 230, 31.8.2010, p. 264
T and C
113
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Amendments incorporating all valid text up to Supplement 3 to the 01 series of amendments to the Regulation
OJ L 176, 14.6.2014, p. 128
T and C
117
Tyres
02 series of amendments
Corrigendum 1 to the 02 series of amendments
Corrigendum 2 to the 02 series of amendments
Corrigendum 3 to the 02 series of amendments
OJ L 307, 23.11.2011, p. 3
T, R and S
119
Lighting, light-signalling devices and their light sources
Amendments incorporating all valid text up to Supplement 3 to the 01 series of amendments
OJ L 89, 25.3.2014, p. 101
T and C
122
Heating systems
Corrigendum 2 to the original version of the Regulation
Supplement 1 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 164, 30.6.2010, p. 231
T and C
123
Adaptive front lighting systems
Incorporating all valid text up to Supplement 4 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 222, 24.8.2010, p. 1
T and C
128
Light emitting diode (LED) light sources
Incorporating all valid text up to Supplement 2 to the original version of the Regulation
OJ L 162, 29.5.2014, p. 43
T, C and R
ANNEX II
Requirements on vehicle structure integrity
1.
Vehicles shall be designed and constructed in order to be sufficiently robust to withstand their intended use over their normal lifetime, taking into account regular and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments clearly and unambiguously set out in the operator’s manual provided with the vehicle. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide a signed statement to this effect.
2.
Vehicle assembly and construction in the assembly plants, in particular the processes relating to the vehicle frame, chassis and body and the drivetrain, shall be covered by a quality assurance system to ensure that essential mechanical connections, such as welds and threaded connections, as well as other relevant material characteristics, are checked and verified as appropriate.
3.
The approval authority shall verify the quality assurance system as part of the conformity of production arrangements referred to in Article 28 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.
4.
The type-approval authority shall verify that in the event of a recall due to a serious safety risk, specific analysis of vehicle structures, components and/or parts by means of engineering calculations, virtual testing methods and/or structural testing can upon request be made available without delay to the approval authority and the European Commission.
5.
Vehicle type-approval shall not be granted if there is reason to doubt that the vehicle manufacturer is able to make available the analysis referred to in point 4. This doubt could relate either to the accessibility or the existence of such analysis (e.g. application for type-approval of a limited batch of vehicles from a non-established manufacturer represented by a party unlikely to have any meaningful access to such analysis).
ANNEX III
Requirements on the maximum design speed, speed governors and speed limitation devices
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1.
‘Speed governor’ means a device used to measure and regulate the speed of the engine and/or vehicle.
1.2.
‘Powertrain’ means a group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, including the engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials and drive wheels or tracks.
1.3.
‘Tampering’ means unauthorised modifications which may prejudice functional safety, in particular by increasing vehicle performance, and damage the environment.
1.4.
‘Speed limitation device’ means a device whose primary function is to control the fuel feed to the engine in order to limit the vehicle speed to the specified value.
REQUIREMENTS
2. Maximum design speed
2.1.
For the type-approval tests, the average speed shall be measured on a straight track, which the tractor shall traverse in both directions from a flying start. The soil of the track shall be stabilised; the track shall be flat and at least 100 metres long; however, it may include slopes of not more than 1,5 %.
2.2.
During the test, the tractor shall be unladen and in running order without ballast weights or special equipment and the tyre pressures shall be those specified for road use.
2.3.
During the test the tractor shall be fitted with new pneumatic tyres having the greatest tyre rolling radius, expressed by the speed radius index, intended by the manufacturer for the tractor.
2.4.
The gear ratio used during the test shall be that producing the maximum vehicle speed and the throttle shall be fully open.
2.5.
In order to take account of various unavoidable errors due, in particular, to the measuring technique and to the increase in running speed of the engine with a partial load, a measured speed exceeding the value for the maximum design speed by 3 km/h shall be acceptable for the type-approval test. An additional 5 % tolerance shall be permitted in order to take into account variations due to tyre size.
2.6.
In order for approval authorities may calculate their maximum theoretical speed, the manufacturer shall specify as a guide the gear ratio, the actual forward movement of the powered wheels corresponding to one complete revolution, and the rpm at maximum power output with the throttle fully open and the speed governor, if fitted, adjusted as laid down by the manufacturer. The maximum theoretical speed shall be calculated without the tolerances referred to in point 2.5.
3. Speed governor
3.1.
If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it shall be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with point 2 the above provisions on maximum design speed.
4. Requirements on speed limitation device and on powertrain and speed limitation device tampering prevention measures (anti-tampering)
4.1. Requirements on speed limitation device
Vehicles of categories T and C, with maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h, shall be equipped with adjustable speed limitation devices that comply with the requirements set out in this Annex.
4.1.1.
Adjustable speed limitation devices shall comply with the requirements for N2 and N3 vehicles set out in points 1 and 2, Part II point 13.2, Part III points 21.2 and 21.3, Annex 5 point 1 and Annex 6 to UNECE Regulation No 89, as referenced in Annex I.
4.2. Anti-tampering of powertrain and speed-limitation device
4.2.1. Purpose and scope
The powertrain tampering prevention measures are aimed at ensuring that a vehicle which meets the environmental and propulsion performance requirements, the vehicle construction requirements as well as the functional safety requirements at type approval remains compliant over its useful life and that adverse changes to the vehicle’s powertrain which have negative impacts on functional safety and/or on the environment are discouraged.
4.3. General requirements
4.3.1.
The manufacturer shall ensure that the approval authority and technical service are provided with the necessary information and, where appropriate, the necessary vehicles, propulsion systems, components and separate technical units to enable them to verify that the requirements set out in this Annex have been met.
4.3.2.
The manufacturer shall declare in the application for type approval its commitment not to market the interchangeable components which could involve an increase in the propulsion performance above that applicable to the relevant variant.
4.4. The manufacturer shall ensure that the approved vehicle complies with the following points on electronic system security limiting the vehicle’s performance.
4.4.1.
For vehicles equipped with (an) electrical/electronic device(s) which limit its propulsion performance, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide data and evidence to the technical services to demonstrate that modification or disconnection of the device or its wiring system will not increase the propulsion performance.
4.4.2.
Any vehicle equipped with electronic control shall include features to prevent modification, except as permitted by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall permit modifications if those modifications are necessary for the diagnosis, servicing, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle.
4.4.3.
Any reprogrammable computer codes or operating parameter shall be resistant to tampering.
4.4.4.
Computer-coded propulsion operating parameters shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures, e.g. soldered or potted computer components, sealed or soldered computer enclosures.
4.4.5.
Any removable calibration memory chips shall be potted, encased in a sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms and shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures.
4.4.6.
Manufacturers using programmable computer code systems (e.g. electrical erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM) shall deter unauthorised reprogramming. Manufacturers shall include enhanced tamper-protection strategies and write-protect features requiring electronic access to an off-site computer maintained by the manufacturer, to which independent operators shall also have adequately protected access.
4.4.7.
Stored on-board diagnostic trouble codes in the powertrain or engine control unit(s), that is numeric or alphanumeric identifiers which identify or label a malfunction in them, shall not be erased by disconnection of the on board computer from the vehicle power supply or by disconnection or failure of the vehicle battery or ground.
ANNEX IV
Requirements on steering for fast tractors
1.
The requirements set out in sections 2, 5 and 6 and in Annexes 4 and 6 to UNECE Regulation No 79, as referenced in Annex I, for the steering of motor vehicles apply to vehicles of categories Tb and Cb with maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h.
1.1.
The requirements of ISO 10998:2008, Amd 1 2014 apply to the steering of vehicles belonging to categories Tb and Cb with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h and not exceeding 60 km/h.
1.2.
The steering action of Cb tractors is in accordance with point 3.9 of Annex XXXIII.
2.
The requirements on steering effort for the vehicles referred to in point 1 shall be the same as the requirements for vehicles of N2 category set out in section 6 of UNECE Regulation No 79 as referenced in Annex I.
For a vehicle equipped with a straddle seat and handlebars, the same steering effort should apply at the middle of the grip.
ANNEX V
Requirements on steering
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1.
‘Steering equipment’ means all the equipment the purpose of which is to alter the direction of movement of the tractor.
The steering equipment may be considered to include the steering control, the steering gear, the steered wheels, and, where applicable, special equipment to produce additional or independent power.
1.2.
‘Steering gear’ means all the components between the steering control and the steered wheels, with the exception of the special equipment defined in point 1.3. The steering gear may be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or a combination of any of these.
1.3.
‘Special equipment’ means the part of the steering equipment by which additional or independent power is produced. Additional or independent power may be produced by any mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical system, or by any combination of these (for example by an oil pump, air pump or battery, etc.).
1.4.
‘Assisted steering equipment’ means the equipment in which the power for the deflection of the steered wheels is provided both by the muscular power of the driver and by the special equipment; this includes steering equipment where the steering power is normally provided solely by the special equipment, but which in the event of failure of the special equipment enables the muscular power of the driver to be used for steering.
1.5.
‘Servo-steering equipment’ means the equipment in which the power for the deflection of the steered wheels is provided solely by the special equipment.
1.6.
‘Differential steering’ means a method of steering on wheels or on tracks where the orientation of the tractor is done by creating a different rotational speed between the left and the right hand wheels or track assemblies.
1.7.
‘Steered wheels’ means one of the following:
(a)
the wheels the alignment of which may be altered directly or indirectly in relation to that of the tractor in order to obtain a change in the direction of movement of the tractor,
(b)
all wheels of articulated tractors,
(c)
wheels on the same axle, the speed of which may be varied in order to obtain a change in the direction of movement of the tractor.
CONSTRUCTION, FITTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS
2. General requirements
2.1.
The steering equipment shall ensure easy and safe handling of the tractor and shall comply with the detailed requirements set out in point 3.
2.2.
The steering action of C-category tractors is in accordance with the requirements set out in point 3.9 of Annex XXXIII.
2.3.
The requirements set out in point 2.2 are not applicable to C-category tractors with steel tracks equipped with differential steering. The rotational speed difference, as referred to in point 1.6, is either realised by a combination of mechanical components, such as brakes and a differential, or by a separate transmission path to the left and the right hand side, such as separated hydrostatic transmissions. If the steering system is combined with the braking system, the requirements laid down on the basis of Article 17(2)(b) and (5) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall apply.
3. Detailed requirements
3.1. Steering control
3.1.1.
The steering control shall be easy to use and grip for the foreseeable range of adult operators in terms of variations in their size and strength. It shall be designed in such a way as to permit gradual deflection. The direction of movement of the steering control shall correspond to the desired change in the direction of the tractor.
3.1.2.
The steering effort required to achieve a turning circle of 12 m radius, starting from the straight ahead position, shall not exceed 25 daN. In the case of assisted steering equipment that is not connected to other equipment, if the auxiliary power supply fails the steering effort required shall not exceed 60 daN.
3.1.3.
In order to check compliance with point 3.1.2, the tractor shall describe a spiral movement at a speed of 10 kilometres per hour, starting from the straight ahead position, on a dry, flat road surface offering good tyre adhesion. The steering effort on the steering control shall be noted until it reaches the position corresponding to the tractor entering a turning circle of 12 m radius. The duration of the manoeuvre (time between the moment when the steering control is first operated and the moment when it reaches the position where the measurements are taken) shall not exceed five seconds in normal cases and eight seconds if the special equipment fails. One manoeuvre shall be made to the left and one to the right.
For the test, the tractor shall be loaded to its technically permissible maximum mass; tyre pressures and mass distribution between the axles shall conform to the manufacturer’s instructions. The tracks pressure in particular shall not exceed the value provided for in point 3.3 of Annex XXXIII.
3.2. Steering gear
3.2.1.
The steering equipment may not include either electrical or wholly pneumatic steering gear.
3.2.2.
The steering gear shall be so designed as to meet any operational requirements. It shall be easily accessible for maintenance and inspection.
3.2.3.
In the case of steering gear which is not wholly hydraulic, it shall be possible to drive the tractor even in the event of failure of the hydraulic or pneumatic components of the steering gear.
3.2.4.
Steering gear which is operated purely hydraulically and the special equipment shall meet the following requirements:
3.2.4.1.
One or more pressure limitation devices shall protect the whole or part of the circuit against excess pressure;
3.2.4.2.
The pressure limitation devices shall be set so as not to exceed a pressure T equal to the maximum operating pressure stated by the manufacturer;
3.2.4.3.
The characteristics and dimensions of the pipe work shall be such that the pipes withstand four times the pressure T (permitted by the pressure limitation devices), and shall be protected in places and arranged in such a way that the risks of damage by impact or interference are reduced to a minimum, and the risks of damage by rubbing can be considered negligible.
3.3. Steered wheels
3.3.1.
All the wheels may be steered wheels.
3.4. Special equipment
3.4.1.
The special equipment, used in the types of steering equipment, shall be acceptable in the following circumstances:
3.4.1.1.
If the tractor is equipped with assisted steering equipment, it shall be possible to drive it even in the event of failure of the special equipment. If the assisted steering equipment does not have its own source of power, it shall be fitted with a power reservoir. This power reservoir may be replaced by a self-contained device providing power supply to the steering equipment with priority over the other systems which are linked to the common energy source. Without prejudice to the requirements laid down on the basis of Article 17(2)(b) and (5) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and of Annex I(3) to Regulation (EU) No 167/2013, if there is a hydraulic connection between the hydraulic steering equipment and the hydraulic braking equipment, and if both are supplied from the same energy source, the force required to activate the steering equipment shall not exceed 40 daN if either of the systems should fail. If the source of power is compressed air, the air reservoir shall be protected by a non-return valve.
Where the steering power is provided solely by the special equipment, the assisted steering equipment shall be fitted with a device such that if, in the event of failure of the special equipment, the steering effort exceeds 25 daN, a visual or acoustic signal shall give warning of such failure.
3.4.1.2.
If the tractor is fitted with servo-steering equipment and provided that such equipment has a wholly hydraulic steering gear, it shall be possible, should the special device or motor fail, to carry out the two manoeuvres specified in point 3.1.3 using a special additional device. The special additional device may be a compressed air or gas reservoir. An oil pump or compressor may be used as the special additional device if that device is worked by the rotation of the tractor wheels and cannot be disconnected from them. In the event of failure of the special equipment, a visual or acoustic signal shall give warning of such failure.
3.4.1.2.1.
If the special device is pneumatic, it shall be fitted with a compressed air reservoir protected by a non-return valve. The capacity of the compressed air reservoir shall be calculated so that at least seven complete turns (from lock to lock) are possible before the reservoir pressure falls to half its operating pressure; the test shall be carried out with the steered wheels off the ground.
4. Manufacturers may choose whether to apply either the requirements set out in this Annex or the requirements set out in Annex IV.
ANNEX VI
Requirements on speedometers
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1.
‘Normal running pressure’ means the cold inflation pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer increased by 0.2 bar.
1.2.
‘Speedometer’ means that part of the speedometer equipment which indicates to the driver the speed of his vehicle at any given moment.
2. Requirements
2.1.
All tractors with maximum design speed exceeding 30 km/h shall be equipped with a speedometer according to the requirements set out in this Annex.
2.1.1.
Tractors of the categories T4.1 and C4.1 with a maximum design speed not exceeding 30 km/h shall be equipped with a speedometer according to the requirements set out in this Annex.
2.1.2.
The speedometer display shall be situated in the driver’s direct field of vision and shall be clearly legible both by day and by night. The range of speeds indicated shall be large enough to include the maximum speed given by the manufacturer for the type of vehicle.
2.2.
Where the speedometer has a scale, as distinct from a digital display, it shall be clearly legible.
2.2.1.
The graduations shall be of 1, 2, 5 or 10 km/h. The values of the speed shall be indicated on the dial as follows:
2.2.1.1.
when the highest value on the dial does not exceed 40 km/h, speed values shall be indicated at intervals not exceeding 10 km/h and graduations not exceeding 5 km /h;
2.2.1.2.
when the highest value on the dial exceeds 40 km/h, the speed values shall be indicated at intervals not exceeding 20 km/h and graduations not exceeding 5 km /h.
2.2.2.
Member States in which vehicle speed is, at the date of entry into force of this Regulation, measured in miles per hour, shall be permitted to require speedometer equipment fitted to vehicles sold in their countries to be marked both in kilometres per hour and in miles per hour, in accordance with Directive 2009/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ) .
In the case of a speedometer manufactured for sale in any Member State where imperial units of measurement are used, the speedometer shall also be marked in mph (miles per hour); the graduations shall be of 1, 2, 5 or 10 mph. The values of the speed shall be indicated on the dial at intervals not exceeding 20 mph.
2.2.3.
The indicated speed value intervals need not be uniform.
2.3.
The accuracy of the speedometer equipment shall be tested in accordance with the following procedure:
2.3.1.
the vehicle is equipped with one of the types of tyre or track normally fitted; the test shall be repeated for each of the types of speedometer specified by the manufacturer;
2.3.2.
the load on the axle driving the speedometer equipment shall correspond to the part of mass in running order undertaken by that axle;
2.3.3.
the reference temperature at the speedometer shall be 23 ± 5 °C;
2.3.4.
during each test the pressure of the tyres shall be the normal running pressure;
2.3.5.
the vehicle is tested at the following three speeds: 20, 30 and 40 km/h, or 80 % of the maximum speed specified by the manufacturer, for fast tractors;
2.3.6.
the test instrumentation used for measuring the true vehicle speed shall be accurate to ± 1,0 %;
2.3.6.1.
the surface of a test track when used be flat and dry, and shall provide sufficient adhesion.
2.4.
The speed indicated shall never be less than the true speed. At the speeds specified for the test in 2.3.5 above and between these speeds, there shall be the following relationship between the speed indicated on the dial of the speedometer (V 1 ) and the true speed (V 2 ):
.
( 1 ) Directive 2009/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 amending Council Directive 80/181/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement ( OJ L 114, 7.5.2009, p. 10 ).
ANNEX VII
Requirements on the field of vision and windscreen wipers
Vehicles of categories T and C shall comply with the following requirements:
1.
ISO 5721-1:2013 on the field of vision forward and the windscreen wipers;
2.
The part concerning the vision beside the tractor, in ISO 5721-2: 2014 on the field of vision to the side and to the rear of agricultural tractors.
ANNEX VIII
Requirements on glazing
1. Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:
1.1
‘Driver’s eyes reference point’ means the position, fixed by convention, of the tractor driver’s eyes notionally located at a single point. That point is situated in the plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the tractor and passing through the centre of the seat, 700 mm vertically above the line of intersection of that plane and the surface of the seat and 270 mm in the direction of the pelvic support from the vertical plane passing through the front edge of the surface of the seat and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the tractor (Figure 1). The reference point thus determined relates to the seat when unoccupied and fitted in the central position specified by the tractor manufacturer.
1.2
‘Safety glazing material requisite for the driver’s rearward vision’ means all glazing situated behind a plane passing through the driver’s eyes reference point perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle through which the driver can view the road when driving or manoeuvring the vehicle.
2. Requirements
2.1. Glazing of vehicles of category T shall comply with the requirements of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I to this Regulation, except for Annex 21 to that UNECE Regulation.
2.2. Glazing of vehicles of category C shall comply with the same requirements set out for the corresponding vehicles within T category.
2.3. Safety glazing installation on vehicles of category T and C with a maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h shall comply with the provisions for vehicles of category N in Annex 21 to UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.
2.4. Safety glazing installation on vehicles of category T and C with a maximum design speed not exceeding 60 km/h.
2.4.1. Safety glazing shall be installed in a way to ensure a high level of safety for the occupants and, in particular, to provide the driver with a high degree of visibility in all use conditions, not only forwards but also rearwards and laterally.
2.4.2. Safety glazing shall be fitted in such a way that, despite the stresses to which the vehicle is submitted under normal operating conditions, it remains in position and continues to afford visibility and safety to the occupants of the vehicle
2.4.3. Safety glazing shall bear the appropriate component type-approval mark specified in paragraph 5.4. of UNECE Regulation No 43, as referenced in Annex I, followed, when required, by one of the additional symbols provided for in paragraph 5.5 of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.
2.4.4. Safety glazing for windscreens
2.4.4.1.
The regular light transmittance shall not be less than 70 %.
2.4.4.2.
The windscreen shall be correctly fitted with reference to the driver’s eye reference point.
2.4.4.3.
Vehicles of categories T and C, with maximum design speed not exceeding 40 km/h, shall be fitted with one of the types of safety glazing material specified in Annex 4, Annex 5, Annex 6, Annex 8 or Annex 10 to UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.
2.4.4.4.
Vehicles of categories T and C, with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h, shall be fitted with one of the types of safety glazing material referred to in point 2.4.4.3 with the exception of Annex 5 to UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.
2.4.5. Safety glazing other than windscreens
2.4.5.1.
The safety glazing shall have a regular light transmittance of at least 70 %.
2.4.5.2.
Plastic safety glazing material requisite for the driver’s rearward vision shall bear a symbol A/L or B/L, as specified in paragraphs 5.5.5 and 5.5.7 of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3.
2.4.5.3.
Safety glazing material not needed for the driver’s rearward vision or driver’s vision to the sides shall bear the symbol V specified in paragraph 5.5.2. of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3, if the light transmittance is below 70 %.
2.4.5.4.
Plastic safety glazing material not needed for the driver’s forward or rearward vision shall bear one of the symbols specified in paragraphs 5.5.5, 5.5.6 and 5.5.7 of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3.
2.4.5.5.
In the case of plastic safety glazing, the provisions related to abrasion resistance referred to in point 2.4.5.2 do not apply to sunroofs and glazing located in the roof of a vehicle. No abrasion test/symbol is required.
Figure 1
Driver’s eyes reference point
ANNEX IX
Requirements on rear-view mirrors
1. Equipment requirements
All tractors shall be equipped with two exterior rear-view mirrors and optionally with an interior rear-view mirror.
2. General
2.1.
Interior rear-view mirrors are grouped in class I. Exterior rear-view mirrors are grouped in class II. Tractors shall be fitted with two rear-view mirrors of class II and optionally with a rear-view mirror of class I, bearing the type-approval mark of UNECE Regulation No 46 as referenced in Annex I, in accordance with Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Annex XX to this Regulation.
2.2.
Rear-view mirrors shall be fixed in such a way that they remain steady under normal driving conditions.
2.3.
Vehicles equipped with a straddle seat and handlebars are required to comply with the requirements set out in UNECE Regulation No 81, as referenced in Annex I, instead of the requirements set out in points 2.1 and 2.2, and points 3 to 6.
2.4.
The additional mirrors and rear-view mirrors designed in order to monitor the implements while working in the fields are not necessarily open to component type-approval but shall be located in accordance with the setting requirements contained in points 3.1 to 3.5.
3. Position
3.1.
The exterior rear-view mirror of class II shall be so placed that the driver, when sitting on the driving seat in a normal driving position, has a clear view of the part of the road specified in point 5.
3.2.
The exterior rear-view mirror shall be visible through the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper or through the side windows if the tractor is fitted with them.
3.3.
The external rear-view mirrors shall not protrude beyond the external bodywork of the tractor or the tractor-trailer combination more than is necessary to obtain the fields of vision specified in point 5.
3.4.
Where the bottom edge of an exterior rear-view mirror is less than 2 m above the ground when the tractor is laden, this rear-view mirror shall not project more than 0,20 m beyond the overall width of the tractor or tractor-trailer combination measured without rear-view mirrors.
3.5.
Subject to the requirements set out in points 3.3 and 3.4, rear-view mirrors may project beyond the tractor’s permissible maximum width.
4. Adjustment
4.1.
Any interior rear-view mirror shall be adjustable by the driver from his driving position.
4.2.
The driver shall be able to adjust the exterior rear-view mirror without leaving the driving position. The mirror may, however, be locked into position from the outside.
4.3.
The requirements set out in point 4.2 do not apply to exterior rear-view mirrors which, after being displaced, are returned automatically to their original position or can be restored to their original position without the use of tools.
5. Fields of vision for rear view mirror of class II
5.1.
The field of vision of the left hand or right hand exterior rear-view mirror shall be such that the driver can see to the rear at least that level part of the road, as far as the horizon, which is to the left or to the right, respectively, of the plane parallel to the vertical longitudinal median plane and which passes through the leftmost or rightmost, respectively, point of the overall width of the tractor or tractor-trailer combination.
5.2.
Manufacturers may choose whether to apply either the requirements set out in point 5.1 or the requirements of ISO 5721-2: 2014.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/208 of 8 December 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles Text with EEA relevance (EUR-Lex). Retrieved via LawPlayer, https://lawplayer.com/eu/act/32015R0208
© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU, provided the source is acknowledged.
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