Innovative technology
The efficient generator function of a 12 Volt motor-generator is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/631, taking into account that it is only partially covered by the standard test procedure set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, and provided that the technology conforms to the following:
(a)
it is fitted in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles powered by internal combustion engines capable of running on petrol, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) or E85, or in not-off-vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicles (NOVC-HEVs) of the category M 1 or N 1 that comply with paragraph 1.1.4 of Appendix 2 to Sub-annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and that are capable of running on those fuels;
(b)
the efficiency of the generator function, determined in accordance with the methodology set out in the Annex, is at least:
(i)
73,8 % for petrol- or E85-fuelled vehicles, other than turbo-charged;
(ii)
73,4 % for turbo-charged petrol- or E85-fuelled vehicles;
(iii)
74,2 % for diesel-fuelled vehicles;
(iv)
74,6 % for LPG-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;
(v)
74,1 % for turbo-charged LPG-fuelled vehicles;
(vi)
76,3 % for CNG-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;
(vii)
75,7 % for turbo-charged CNG-fuelled vehicles.
Application for certification of CO 2 savings
1. A manufacturer may apply to a type-approval authority for certification of the CO 2 savings from the use of the technology approved in accordance with Article 1 (‘the innovative technology’) in one or several 12 Volt motor-generators by reference to this Decision.
2. The manufacturer shall ensure that the application for the certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent and certified body confirming that the conditions set out in Article 1 have been met.
3. Where savings have been certified in accordance with Article 3, the manufacturer shall ensure that the certified CO 2 savings and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) are recorded in the certificate of conformity of the vehicles concerned.
Certification of CO 2 savings
1. The type-approval authority shall ensure that CO 2 savings achieved from the use of the innovative technology have been determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.
2. Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO 2 savings from the use of the innovative technology in more than one type of 12 Volt motor-generator in relation to one vehicle version, the type-approval authority shall determine which type of the 12 Volt motor-generators tested delivers the lowest CO 2 savings. That value shall be used for the purpose of paragraph 4.
3. Where the innovative technology is fitted in a bi-fuel or flex-fuel vehicle, the approval authority shall record the CO 2 savings as follows:
(a)
for bi-fuel vehicles using petrol and gaseous fuels, the CO 2 savings value with regard to LPG or CNG fuels;
(b)
for flex-fuel vehicles using petrol and E85, the CO 2 savings value with regard to petrol.
4. The type approval authority shall record the certified CO 2 savings determined in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2, and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) in the relevant type-approval documentation.
5. The type-approval authority shall record all the elements considered for the certification in a test report and keep that together with the verification report referred to in Article 2(2), and shall make that information available to the Commission on request.
6. The type-approval authority shall only certify CO 2 savings, if it finds that the innovative technology complies with the conditions set out in Article 1, and if the CO 2 savings determined in accordance with point 3.5 of the Annex are 0,5 g CO 2 /km or higher, as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 in the case of passenger cars, or in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 in the case of light commercial vehicles.
Eco-innovation code
1. The innovative technology approved by this Decision is attributed with the eco-innovation code 33.
2. The certified CO 2 savings recorded by reference to that eco-innovation code may be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of manufacturers starting from the calendar year 2021.
Entry into force
This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .
Methodology to determine the CO 2 savings of the technology used in a 12 Volt efficient motor-generator for conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
ANNEXSupplementary provisions
ANNEX
Methodology to determine the CO 2 savings of the technology used in a 12 Volt efficient motor-generator for conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
1. INTRODUCTION
This Annex sets out the methodology to determine the CO 2 (carbon dioxide) emission savings from the use of the efficient generator function of a 12 Volt motor-generator (‘12V motor-generator’) in an M 1 or N 1 vehicle as specified in Article 1.
2. DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE 12V MOTOR GENERATOR
The efficiency of the 12V motor-generator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the following precisions.
The manufacturer shall provide evidence to the type-approval authority that the frequency ranges of the 12V motor-generator are the same as or equivalent to those set out in Table 1.
The efficiency of the 12V motor-generator shall be determined on the basis of measurements at each of the operating points listed in Table 1.
The current intensity of the 12V motor-generator at each operating point shall be half the rated current. For each operating point, the voltage and the output current of the 12V motor-generator shall be kept constant during the measurement, with the voltage at 14,3 V.
Table 1
Operating point
i
Holding time
[s]
Rotational frequency
n i [min –1 ]
Frequency of operating points
h i
1
1 200
1 800
0,25
2
1 200
3 000
0,40
3
600
6 000
0,25
4
300
10 000
0,10
The efficiency of the 12V motor-generator at each operating point i (
) [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 1.
Formula 1
where, for each operating point i,
U i
is the voltage [V];
I i
is the current intensity [A];
Μ i
is the torque [Nm];
n i
is the rotational frequency [min -1 ].
For each operating point, the measurements shall be performed at least five times consecutively and the efficiency shall be calculated for each of those measurements (
) with j being the index referring to one set of measurements.
For each operating point, the average of those efficiencies (
) shall be calculated.
The efficiency of the 12V motor-generator (η MG ) [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 2.
Formula 2
where,
is the average efficiency of the 12V motor-generator determined for operating point i [%]
h i
is the frequency of operating point i, as set out in Table 1.
3. CALCULATION OF THE CO 2 SAVINGS AND THEIR UNCERTAINTY
3.1. Saved mechanical power
The difference (ΔP m ) [W] between the saved mechanical power when using the 12V motor generator under real-world conditions (ΔP mRW ) and the saved mechanical power when using the 12V motor under type-approval conditions (ΔP mTA ) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 3.
Formula 3
where,
ΔP mRW shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 4 and ΔP mTA in accordance with Formula 5.
Formula 4
Formula 5
where,
η MG
is the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator as determined in point 2 [%]
P RW
is the power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions, which is 750 W
P TA
is the power requirement under ‘type-approval’ conditions, which is 350 W
η B
is the efficiency of the baseline alternator, which is 67 %
3.2. Calculation of the CO 2 savings
The CO 2 savings of the 12V motor-generator (
) [gCO 2 /km] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 6.
Formula 6
where,
ΔP m
is the difference between the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions, as determined in point 3.1
v
is the mean driving speed of the WLTP, which is 46,6 km/h
V Pe
is the consumption of effective power as specified in Table 2 [l/kWh]
CF
is the conversion factor as set out in Table 3 [gCO 2 /l]
Table 2
Type of engine
Consumption of effective power (V Pe ) [l/kWh]
Petrol- or E85-fuelled other than turbo-charged
0,264
Turbo-charged petrol- or E85-fuelled
0,280
Diesel-fuelled
0,220
LPG fuelled
0,342
Turbo-charged LPG-fuelled
0,363
Consumption of effective power (V Pe ) [m 3 /kWh]
CNG (G20) other than turbo-charged
0,259
Turbo-charged CNG (G20)
0,275
Table 3
Type of fuel
Conversion factor (CF) [gCO 2 /l]
Petrol/E85
2 330
Diesel
2 640
LPG
1 629
Conversion factor (CF) [gCO 2 /m 3 ]
CNG (G20)
1 795
3.3. Calculation of the uncertainty of the CO 2 savings
The uncertainty of the CO 2 savings calculated in accordance with point 3.2 shall be quantified as follows.
First, the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator at each operating point (
) [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 7.
Formula 7
where,
m
is the number of measurements j undertaken for determining the 12V motor-generator efficiency at each operating point i, as referred to in point 2
is the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator calculated for an individual measurement j at operating point i as referred to in point 2 [%]
is the average efficiency of the 12V motor-generator calculated for an operating point i, as determined in point 2 [%]
Next, the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator (
) [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8.
Formula 8
where,
is as determined by Formula 7 [%]
h i
is the frequency of operating point i, as set out in Table 1.
Finally, the uncertainty of the CO 2 savings (
) [gCO 2 /km] of the 12V motor-generator shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 9 and shall not exceed 30 % of the CO 2 savings.
Formula 9
where,
P RW
is the power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions, which is 750 W
P TA
is the power requirement under type-approval conditions, which is 350 W
η MG
is the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator, as determined in point 2 [%]
V Pe
is the consumption of effective power as specified in Table 2 [l/kWh]
CF
is the fuel conversion factor as specified in Table 3 [gCO 2 /l]
v
is the mean driving speed of the WLTP, which is 46,6 km/h
is standard deviation of the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator as determined in accordance with Formula 8 [%]
η MG
is the efficiency of the 12V motor-generator, as determined in point 2 [%]
3.4. Rounding
The CO 2 savings (
) calculated in accordance with point 3.2 and the uncertainty of the CO 2 savings (
) calculated in accordance with point 3.3 shall be rounded to a maximum of two decimal places.
Each value used in the calculation of the CO 2 savings can be applied unrounded or must be rounded to the minimum number of decimal places which allows the maximum total impact (i.e. combined impact of all rounded values) on the savings to be lower than 0,25 gCO 2 /km.
3.5. Check against the minimum CO 2 savings threshold
The type-approval authority shall ensure for each vehicle version fitted with the 12V motor-generator that the minimum threshold criterion as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 and (EU) No 427/2014 is met.
When verifying whether the minimum threshold criterion is met, the type-approval authority shall take into account, in accordance with Formula 10, the CO 2 savings determined in point 3.2, the uncertainty determined in point 3.3 and, where applicable, a CO 2 correction, in the case of a positive mass difference (Δm) between the 12V motor-generator and the baseline alternator.
For the purpose of the positive mass correction, the mass of the baseline alternator shall be set to 7 kg.
The manufacturer shall provide to the type approval authority information on the mass of the 12V motor-generator as certified by the supplier.
Formula 10
where,
MT
is 0,5 gCO 2 /km as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 and (EU) No 427/2014
is the CO 2 savings as determined in point 3.2 [gCO 2 /km]
uncertainty of the CO 2 savings as determined in point 3.3 [gCO 2 /km]
CO 2 correction, in the case of a positive mass difference (Δm) [kg] between the 12V motor-generator and the baseline alternator, calculated in accordance with Table 4 [gCO 2 /km]
Table 4
Type of fuel
CO 2 correction (
) [gCO 2 /km]
Petrol/E85
0,0277 • Δm
Diesel
0,0383 • Δm
LPG
0,0251 • Δm
CNG
0,0209 • Δm
4. CERTIFICATION OF CO 2 SAVINGS
The CO 2 savings to be certified by the type-approval authority in accordance with Article 11 of Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 or (EU) No 427/2014 (
) [gCO 2 /km] are those calculated in accordance with Formula 11. The CO 2 savings shall be recorded in the type approval certificate for each vehicle version fitted with the 12V motor-generator.
Formula 11
where,
is the CO 2 savings as determined in accordance with Formula 6 under point 3.2 [gCO 2 /km]
is the uncertainty of the CO 2 savings of the 12V motor-generator calculated in accordance with Formula 9 under point 3.3 [gCO 2 /km]
