THE REVISED ELECTION CODE

• Number: Republic Act No. 180
• Sections: 192

Section 1 Short title.

SECTION 1. Short title.—This Act shall be known and cited as the "Revised Election Code."

Section 2 Elections governed by this Code.

SEC. 2. Elections governed by this Code.—All elections of public officers by the people and all voting in connection with plebiscites shall be conducted in conformity with the provisions of this Code. (C. A. 357-1)

Section 3 Supervision of elections.

SEC. 3. Supervision of elections.—The Commission on Elections shall, in addition to the powers and functions conferred upon it by the Constitution, have direct and immediate supervision over the provincial, municipal, and city officials designated by law to perform duties relative to the conduct of elections. It may suspend from the performance of said duties any of said officials who shall fail to comply with its instructions, orders, decisions, or rulings and appoint their temporary substitutes and, upon recommendation of the Commission, the President of the Philippines may remove any or all such officials who shall be found guilty of non-feasance, malfeasance, or misfeasance in connection with the performance of their duties relative to the conduct of elections. (C. A. 657-3)

Section 4 Organization of Commission.

SEC. 4. Organization of Commission.—The Commission on Elections shall adopt its own rules of procedure. Two of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The concurrence of two members shall be necessary for the pronouncement or issuance of a decision, order, or ruling. (C. A. 657-1, par. 2)

The Commission shall have a secretary, who shall receive a salary of fifty-one hundred pesos per annum, and such other subordinate officers and employees as may be necessary for the efficient performance of its functions and duties, all of whom shall be appointed by the Commission in accordance with the Civil Service Law and Rules.

The Secretary of the Commission, under the direction of the Chairman, shall have charge of the administrative business of the Commission and shall perform such other duties as may be required of him by the Commission. He shall be the recorder of the proceedings of the Commission and the custodian of its records, documents and papers and shall be responsible therefor to the Commission. (C. A. 657-2)

Section 5 Powers of Commission.

SEC. 5. Powers of Commission.—The Commission on Elections or any of the members thereof shall have the power to summon the parties to a controversy pending before it, issue subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum and otherwise take testimony in any investigation or hearing pending before it, and delegate such power to any officer. Any controversy submitted to the Commission on Elections shall be tried, heard and decided by it within fifteen days counted from the time the corresponding petition giving rise to said controversy is filed. The Commission or any of the members thereof shall have the power to punish contempt provided for in rule sixty-four of the Rules of Court, under the same procedure and with the same penalties provided therein.

Any violation of any final and executory decision, order or ruling of the Commission shall constitute contempt of the Commission. (C. A. 657-8)

Any decision, order or ruling of the Commission on Elections may be reviewed by the Supreme Court by writ of certiorari in accordance with the Rules of Court or with such rules as may be promulgated by the Supreme Court (C. A. 657-9)

Section 6 Regular elections for national offices.

SEC. 6. Regular elections for national offices.—1. On the second Tuesday in November, nineteen hundred and forty-nine, and upon the same day every four years thereafter, the President and the Vice-President of the Philippines shall be elected. The canvass by both Houses of the Congress of the Philippines shall begin on the second Tuesday in the following December, for which purpose said body shall meet in a special joint session. The President elect and the Vice-President-elect shall assume office at twelve o'clock noon on the thirtieth day of December. (C. A. 357-3a.) ; (C. A. 725-12-13)

2. On the second Tuesday of November, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and on the same day every two years thereafter, a regular election shall be held to elect eight Senators. The term of office of those elected shall commence on the thirtieth day of December and terminate six years thereafter. (C. A. 725-13) ; (Republic Act 45-2)

3. On the second Tuesday of November, nineteen hundred and forty-nine, and upon the same day every four years thereafter, a regular election shall be held to elect the Members of the House of Representatives. The term of office of those elected shall commence on the thirtieth day of December and terminate four years thereafter. (C. A. 357-3b; C. A. 725-13)

Section 7 Regular elections for provincial and municipal offices.

SEC. 7. Regular elections for provincial and municipal offices.—On the second Tuesday of November, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and on the same day every four years thereafter, a regular election shall be held to elect the officials who will occupy all elective provincial, city and municipal offices throughout the Philippines, excluding the Provincial officials of the special Provinces of Lanao, Cota-bato, Sulu, Bukidnon and Mountain Province. The officials sleeted shall assume office on the first day of January next Allowing and shall hold such office for four years and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified. (R. A. 45-1)

Section 8 Postponement of election.

SEC. 8. Postponement of election.—When for any serious cause the holding of an election should become impossible in any political division or subdivision, the President, upon recommendation of the Commission on Elections, shall post, pone the election therein for such time as he may deem necessary. (C. A. 357-5; C. A. 657)

Section 9 Designation of other dates for certain pre-election acts.

SEC. 9. Designation of other dates for certain pre-election acts.—If, on account of insurmountable difficulties, the division into election precincts, the designation of polling places the appointment of election inspectors and poll clerks, or the registration of voters should not be effected in anyplace on the dates herein fixed, the Commission on Elections may, with the approval of the President, fix another date so that the omission may be remedied and such place may not be deprived of the right of suffrage. (C. A. 357-6; C. A. 657)

Section 10 Filling of elective offices in a new political division.

SEC. 10. Filling of elective offices in a new political division.—When a new political division is created the inhabitants of which are entitled to participate in the elections, the elective officers thereof shall, unless otherwise provided, be chosen at the next regular election. In the interim such offices shall, in the discretion of the President, be filled by appointment by him or by a special election which he may order.

In the absence of a municipal or city council, the provincial board shall perform the duties of the former with respect to the first election in the new political division. (C. A. 357-7)

Section 11 Application of Code in cities.

SEC. 11. Application of Code in cities.—The terms "province" or "municipality," "municipal council," "provincial government," "municipal treasurer," "municipal secretary and "provincial officers" or "municipal officers," as used in this Code, shall be understood in chartered cities, to refer respectively to the city, the municipal board, the city government, the city treasurer, the city secretary, and the city officers, and, unless the context shows a different meaning, the duties of the provincial board, the provincial governor, and the provincial treasurer relative to elect shall be performed in said cities by their municipal board, mayor, and treasurer, respectively. (C. A. 357-8)

Section 12 Participation of municipal districts in the elections.

SEC. 12. Participation of municipal districts in the elections.—The voters in the municipal districts shall be entitled to vote at the election of elective national and provincial officers. The municipal district councils shall perform the duties of municipal councils in connection with the holding of elections. (C. A. 357-9)

Section 13 Elections in outlying unorganized communities.

SEC. 13. Elections in outlying unorganized communities.—Outlying barrios or districts not forming part of a municipality or municipal district shall, for election purposes only, so that their qualified voters may exercise the right of suffrage, be considered a part of the municipality or municipal district to which they are contiguous or to which they are most conveniently accessible, as may be determined by the provincial board. (C. A. 357-10)

Section 14 Voters confined in leprosaria.

SEC. 14. Voters confined in leprosaria.—Patients confined in leprosaria shall exercise the right of suffrage in the municipality where they lawfully resided immediately before they were taken to said leprosaria, and, for that purpose, every elector not yet registered in the existing permanent list shall accomplish the voter's affidavit, in quadruplicate, before the justice of the peace of the municipality where the leprosarium is located, on the days set by law for registration, and for this purpose said justice of the peace shall be at the leprosarium at seven o'clock in the morning and remain therein until the last elector desiring no register has accomplished the voter's affidavit. The justice of the peace shall prepare a list of these affidavits and send a certified copy of the portion thereof and corresponding to each municipality to the board of election inspectors of the aforesaid municipality designated by the Commission on Elections, to the register of deeds of the province comprising the same, and to the Commission on Elections, together with copies of the affidavits of the voters concerned, and said officers shall enter in the list of voters of the respective precinct the names of said voters and entry shall have the same force and effect as if the voters had personally appeared before the board of inspectors of the said precinct. All questions regarding the inclusion and exclusion of those voters shall be decided within the time limits fixed by law by the justice of the peace of the municipality where the leprosarium is located (C. A. 357-11)

Section 15 Voting in the leprosaria.

SEC. 15. Voting in the leprosaria.—On the day of voting said voters shall vote in the leprosarium before the justice of the peace, for which purposes said officer shall be at the leprosarium at seven o'clock in the morning of that day to receive the votes of the voters of the same, and at two o'clock in the afternoon or as soon as the voters who desire to vote have finished voting, shall make a canvass and prepare a statement of the result thereof, transmitting such result by telegraph at six o'clock in the evening of the day of the voting or as soon after the canvass as possible, to the municipal treasurer and to the Commission on Elections, so that it may be included in the final computation of the votes and at the same time he shall send to said officers certified copies of the statement by rush and registered mail.

The municipal treasurer shall immediately transmit a certified copy of the telegram to the proper election precinct of the municipality, and the board of inspectors thereof shall include in its canvass the votes set forth in the telegram, provide the same is received by the board before the result of' the canvass is proclaimed.

In the leprosaria where there are more than two hundred and fifty voters, the justice of the peace shall form as many polling places as may be necessary so that in each of them not more than two hundred and fifty voters may cast their votes, and shall designate a deputy to act as inspector in each polling place and to perform the duties herein entrusted to the justice of the peace. (C. A. 357-12)

Section 16 Voters in military and naval bases and reservations of foreign countries in the Philippines.

SEC. 16. Voters in military and naval bases and reservations of foreign countries in the Philippines.—Voters residing temporarily in military and naval bases and reservations of foreign countries in the Philippines, because they are employed in said bases and reservations, shall exercise the right of suffrage as electors of the municipality where they lawfully resided immediately before they employed in said bases and reservations, and, for that purpose, every elector not yet registered in the existing permanent list shall accomplish the voter's affidavit, in quadruplicate, before a representative or representatives of the Commission on Elections, who shall be sent by the said Commission to the said base or reservation on the days set by law for registration, and for this purpose said representative or representatives shall be at the base or reservation at seven o'clock in the morning and remain therein until the last elector desiring to register has accomplished the voter's affidavit. The said representative or representatives shall prepare a list of these affidavits and send a certified copy of the portion hereof corresponding to each municipality to the board of election inspectors of the aforesaid municipality designated by the said Commission, to the register of deeds of the province comprising the same, and to the Commission on Elections, together with copies of the affidavits of the voters concerned, and said officers shall enter in the list of voters of the respective precinct the names of said voters, and such entry shall have the same force and effect as if the said voters had personally appeared before the board of inspectors of said precinct. All questions regarding the inclusion and exclusion of those voters shall be decided within the time limits fixed by law by the said representative or representatives of the Commission on Elections.

Section 17 Voting in banes and reservations.

SEC. 17. Voting in banes and reservations.—On the day of voting said voters shall vote in the place or places designated at the base or reservation by the Commission on Elections and before the representative or representatives of said Commission, for which purpose said representative or representatives shall be in the said place or places at seven o'clock in the morning of that day to receive the votes of the voters, and, at six o'clock in the afternoon or as soon as the voters have finished voting, shall make a canvass and prepare a statement of the result thereof, transmitting such result by telegraph immediately after the canvass, to the municipal treasurer concerned and to the Commission on Elections, so that it may be included in the final computation of the votes and at the same time the said representative or representatives shall send to said officers certified copies of the statement by rush and registered mail.

Section 18 Right of suffrage incident to territorial changes.

SEC. 18. Right of suffrage incident to territorial changes. —When a territory is merged with a city, municipality, municipal district or with another province, its inhabitants acquire the right to participate in the election of public officers to the same extent as the inhabitants of the city, municipality, municipal district or province with which it has been merged. (C. A. 357-13)

Section 19 Vacancies in the offices of President and Vice-President.

SEC. 19. Vacancies in the offices of President and Vice-President.—When neither the President-elect nor Vice-President-elect shall have qualified, as provided in section six, Article VII of the Constitution, or in case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, as provided in section eight, Article VII of the Constitution, the President of the Senate shall act as president until the President-elect or the Vice-President elect shall have qualified or their disability has been removed or a President has been elected. (C. A. 68-modified).

In case of permanent vacancy m the offices of President and Vice-President, the Congress shall determine by joint resolution whether or not a special election shall be held to elect a President and a Vice-President or only a President. In the affirmative case, the date on which the special election is to be held shall be fixed in the resolution and said date shall be stated in the proclamation to be issued in accordance with section twenty-two of this Code, which shall be signed by the Acting President. The officers elected shall qualify at twelve o'clock in the morning of the day next following the date of their proclamation by the Congress and shall hold office until their successors elected at the next regular election, shall qualify. (C A-357-14) (Constitution).

Section 20 Vacancy in the Congress.

SEC. 20. Vacancy in the Congress.—Whenever a vacancy in the Congress occurs at least ten months before the next regular election of the Member of Congress whose office is vacant, the President, as soon as he is notified by the House where the vacancy occurred of the existence of such vacancy, shall call a special election to fill said vacancy. In case the vacancy is caused by the death of a Member, against whom there is pending no protest, while the Congress is not in session, the certification of the presiding officer of the House where the vacancy occurred regarding said vacancy shall be sufficient basis for the President of the Philippines to call such special election. (C. A. 357-15) (Constitution)

Section 21 Vacancy in elective provincial, city or municipal office.

SEC. 21. Vacancy in elective provincial, city or municipal office.—

(a) Whenever a temporary vacancy in any elective local office occurs, the same shall be filled by appointment by the President if it is a provincial or city office, and by the provincial governor, with the consent of the provincial board, if it is a municipal office.

(b) Whenever in any elective local office a vacancy occurs as a result of the death, resignation, removal or cessation of the incumbent, the President shall appoint thereto a suitable person belonging to the political party of the officer whom he is to replace, upon the recommendation of said party, save in the case of a mayor, which shall be filled by the vice-mayor.

(c) Whenever the election for a local office fails to take place on the date fixed by law, or such election result in a failure to elect, the President shall issue, as soon as practicable, a proclamation calling a special election to fill said office.

(d) When a local officer-elect dies before assumption of office, or fails to qualify for any reason, the President may in his discretion either call a special election or fill the office by appointment.

(e) In case a special election has been called and held and shall have resulted in a failure to elect, the President shall fill the office by appointment.

(f) The person appointed or elected to fill a vacancy in an elective provincial, city or municipal office shall hold the same for the unexpired term of the office. (C. A 357-16)

Section 22 Call of special elections.

SEC. 22. Call of special elections.— Special elections shall be called by the President by proclamation for a date which shall not be earlier than thirty days nor later than ninety days from the date of the proclamation, which shall specify the offices to be voted for, and whether it is for the purpose of filling a vacancy. The Commission on Elections shall send copies of the proclamation, In number sufficient for due distribution and publication, to the provincial treasurer of each province concerned, who in turn shall publish it in their respective localities, by posting at least three copies thereof in as many conspicuous places in each of their election precincts, and a copy in each of the polling places and public markets, and in the municipal building: (C. A. 357-1.7) (C. A. 657)

Section 23 Posting and translation of New Election Code.

SEC. 23. Posting and translation of New Election Code.— A printed copy of this Code in English or Spanish and in the national language, and whenever possible, in the local dialect shall be posted in a conspicuous way in every polling place on all registration and election days, so that it may be readily consulted by any person offering to register or to vote.The translation of this Code into the national language and into the local dialects shall be made by the Institute of National Language. (C. A. 357-18)

Section 24 Expenses of election.

SEC. 24. Expenses of election.— (a) The expenses of an election shall be advanced by the municipal treasurer concerned and shall be charged against the branch of the Government for which the election was held, and, if for more than one branch, against the corresponding branches of the Government, in equal parts.(b) The expenses incident to the holding of the f election in a new municipality shall be advanced, as n be necessary, by the province, and such municipality shall reimburse the same upon presentation of the proper (C. A. 357-19)

Section 25 Official mail and telegrams regarding elections.

SEC. 25. Official mail and telegrams regarding elections.—Papers connected with the elections required by this Code to be sent by some public officers to others in the performance of their duties shall be free of postage and sent as registered and rush mail. Telegrams of the same nature shall also be sent free of charge. (C. A. 357-20)

Section 26 Automatic cessation of appointive officers and employees who are candidates.

SEC. 26. Automatic cessation of appointive officers and employees who are candidates.—Every person holding a public appointive office or position shall ipso facto cease in his office or position on the date he files his certificate of candidacy. (C. A. 357-22)

Section 27 Candidate holding office.

SEC. 27. Candidate holding office.—Any elective provincial, municipal, or city official running for an office, other than the one which he is actually holding, shall be considered resigned from his office from the moment of the filing of his certificate of candidacy. (C. A. 666-2, last par.)

Section 28 Disqualification to act on provincial boards and municipal councils.

SEC. 28. Disqualification to act on provincial boards and municipal councils.—Any member of a provincial board or of a municipal council who is a candidate for office in any election, shall be incompetent to act on said body in the performance of the duties thereof relative to said election, and if, for such reason, the number of members should be unduly depleted, the President, if it is a provincial or city office and the governor if it is a municipal office, shall appoint any disinterested voter of the province, municipality or city concerned belonging to the political party of the incompetent member to act in his place on such matters. (C. A. 357-23)

Section 29 Disqualification on account of violation of certain provisions of this Code.

SEC. 29. Disqualification on account of violation of certain provisions of this Code.—Any candidate who, in an action or protest in which he is a party, is declared by final decision of a competent court or tribunal guilty (a) of having spent in his election campaign more than the total emoluments attached to the office for one year; or (b) of having solicited or received any contribution in connection with his election campaign from any of the corporations or entities mentioned in section forty-seven, or from any of the persons mentioned in section fifty-six; or (c) of having violated any one of sections forty-nine, fifty and fifty-one, shall be disqualified from continuing, as a candidate, or, if he has been elected, from holding the office. (C. A. 357-24)

Section 30 Ineligibility of officer found disloyal to the Government.

SEC. 30. Ineligibility of officer found disloyal to the Government.—When a special election is called for the purpose of filling a vacancy as a result of a protest on the ground of his disloyalty to the constituted Government, said officer shall be ineligible in such election, and his certificate of candidacy shall not be. received nor shall the votes cast in his favor be counted. (G. A. 357-35)

Section 31 Certificate of candidacy for only one office.

SEC. 31. Certificate of candidacy for only one office.— No person shall be eligible unless, within the time fixed by law, he files a duly signed and sworn certificate of candidacy, nor shall any person be eligible for more than one office to be filled in the same election, and, if he files certificates of candidacy for more than one office, he shall not be eligible for any of them. (C. A. 357-26)

Section 32 Contents of certificate of candidacy.

SEC. 32. Contents of certificate of candidacy.—The person concerned shall state in his certificate that he announces his candidacy for the office mentioned therein and that he is eligible for the office; the name of the political party which he belongs, if he belongs to any; and his post-office address for all election purposes. (C. A. 357-27)

Section 33 Statement of the maternal surname.

SEC. 33. Statement of the maternal surname.—In case when there are (two or more candidates for an office with the same name and surname, each one, upon being made aware of such fact, shall state his paternal and maternal surnames, with the exception of the one who has last held said office, which candidate may continue to use the name and the surname stated in his certificate of candidacy when he was elected. (C. A. 357-28)

Section 34 Nicknames.

SEC. 34. Nicknames.—Certificates of candidacy shall not contain nicknames of the candidates. (C. A. 357-29)

Section 35 Certificates of candidacy filed by political group or political party.

SEC. 35. Certificates of candidacy filed by political group or political party .—Certificates of candidacy of candidates may be filed by a political party nominating them without the signature or oath, of said candidates.

Any political party having officially nominated candidates shall file with the Commission on Elections a certificate of such official nominations subscribed under oath by the president and secretary or corresponding officers of such political group or party. (C. A. 666-2)

If two or more certificates of candidacy for different effective offices are filed by different political parties in favor of the same candidate, the certificate of candidacy filed by the party to which said candidate belongs shall prevail, unless the candidate concerned shall decide otherwise.

If a candidate who files his own certificate of candidacy for an elective office is also nominated by one or more political parties for other elective offices, the certificate filed by the candidate himself shall govern. (C. A. 725-2, pars. 2, 3)

Section 36 Filing and distribution of certificates of candidacy.

SEC. 36. Filing and distribution of certificates of candidacy.—At least sixty days before a regular election, and thirty days at least before a special election, the certificates of candidacy shall be filed with the office hereinbelow mentioned, together with a number of clearly legible copies equal to four times the number of polling places; Provided, That with respect to certificates of candidacy of candidates for President, Vice-President and Senators, ten copies thereof shall be filed with the Commission on Elections which shall order the preparation and distribution of copies of the same to all the election precincts of the Philippines. The certificates shall be distributed as follows:(a) Those of candidates for national offices, with the Commission on Elections, which shall immediately send copies thereof to the secretary of the provincial board of each province where the elections are to be held, and the latter officer shall in turn immediately forward copies to all the polling places. The Commission on Elections shall communicate the names of said candidates to the secretary of the provincial board by telegraph. If the certificate of candidacy is sent by mail, it shall be by registered mail, and the date on which the package was deposited in the post-office may be considered as the filing date thereof if confirmed by a telegram or radiogram addressed to the Commission on Elections on the same date.

(b) Certificates of candidacy for provincial offices shall be filed with the secretary of the provincial board of the province concerned who shall immediately send copies thereof to all the polling places of the province and to the Commission on Elections.

(c) Certificates of candidacy for municipal offices shall be filed with the municipal secretary, who shall immediately send copies thereof to the polling places concerned, to the secretary of the provincial board, and to the Commission on Elections. (C. A. 357-30; C. A. 657)

Section 37 Ministerial duty of receiving and acknowledging receipt.

SEC. 37. Ministerial duty of receiving and acknowledging receipt.—The Commission on Elections, the secretary of the provincial board, and the municipal secretary, in their respective cases, shall have the ministerial duty to receive the certificates of candidacy referred to in the preceding section and to immediately acknowledge receipt thereof. (C. A. 357-31)

Section 38 Candidates in case of death or disqualification of another.

SEC. 38. Candidates in case of death or disqualification of another.—If, after the expiration of the time limit for filing certificates of candidacy, a candidate with a certificate of candidacy duly filed should die or become disqualified, any legally qualified citizen may file a certificate of candidacy for the office for which the deceased or disqualified person was a candidate in accordance with the preceding sections on or before midday of the day of the election, and, if the death or disqualification should occur between the day before the election and the midday of election day, said certificate may be filed with any board of inspectors of the political division where he is a candidate or, in the case of candidates to be voted for by the entire electorate, with the Commission on Elections. (C. A. 357-32; C. A. 657; C. A. 666)Article III.—Contributions and Other Practices

Section 39 Definitions—In this Code.

SEC. 39. Definitions—In this Code.—

(a) The term "political committee" includes any committee, association or organization which accepts contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the election of candidates, whether it be a national or local committee of a political party or a branch thereof.

(b) The term "contribution" includes a gift, donation, subscription, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value and embraces a contract, promise, or agreement to contribute, whether it be legally enforceable or not.

(c) The term "expenditure" includes the payment or delivery of a contribution, advance, deposit, gift or donation of money or thing of value and includes a contract, promise or agreement .to make an expenditure whether it be legally enforceable or not.

(d) The term "person" includes an individual, partnership, committee, association, corporation and any other organization or group of persons. (C. A. 357-33)

Section 40 Contribution to political committees.

SEC. 40. Contribution to political committees.—

(a) Every political committee shall have a chairman and a treasurer. No contribution shall be accepted and no expenditure made by or on behalf of any political committee, for the purpose of influencing an election, until such chairman and treasurer have been chosen.

(b) It shall be the duty of the treasurer of a political committee to keep a detailed and exact account of (1) all contributions made to or for such committee; (2) the true name and address of each contributor; (3) all expenditures made by or on behalf of such committee; and (4) the name and address of every person to whom any such expenditure is made and the date thereof.

(c) It shall be the duty of the treasurer to obtain and keep a receipted bill stating the particulars of every expenditure exceeding ten pesos in amount made by or on behalf of a political committee. The treasurer shall preserve all receipted bills and accounts required to be kept by this section for a period of at least one year after the holding of the election to which they pertain (C. A. 357-34)

Section 41 Account of contributions received.

SEC. 41. Account of contributions received.—Every person who receives a contribution for a political committee shall, on demand of the treasurer and in any event within five days after the receipt of such contribution, render to the treasurer a detailed account thereof, including the name and address of the person making: such contribution, and the date of its receipt. (C. A. 357-35)

Section 42 Filing of statement by treasurer.

SEC. 42. Filing of statement by treasurer.—The treasurer of a political committee shall file with the Commission on Elections, within the first ten days of every month, during the six months preceding a general election, or from the time of the publication of the call for any special election and within the thirty days following the holding of the election, a statement, complete as of the day next preceding the date of filing, of his account of contributions and expenditures together with the names and addresses of the contributors and persons receiving the expenditures. (C. A. 357-36)

Section 43 Statements by candidates.

SEC. 43. Statements by candidates.—Within thirty days after the holding of the election, every candidates shall file with the Commission on Elections, for such action as it may deem proper, a statement, complete as of the date next preceding the date of filing, which shall contain (1) a list of the contributions received by him or by another with his knowledge and consent, from whatever source, to help or support his candidacy or to influence the result of his elections together with the name and address of the contributor; (2) a statement of the expenditures made by him or by another with his knowledge and consent, in aid or support of his candidacy or for the purpose of influencing the result of the election, together with the name of the person to whom such expenditure was made. (C. A. 357-37)

Section 44 Statement by other parties.

SEC. 44. Statement by other parties.—Any other person who, prior to a regular or special election, should receive a contribution or should make an expenditure of one hunted pesos or more for election purposes, but not as a contribution to a political committee, shall file with the Commission on Elections a detailed statement of such contribution of expenditure in the same manner as the treasurer of a political committee. (C. A. 357-38)

Section 45 Form and preservation of statements.

SEC. 45. Form and preservation of statements.—The statements required by this Code shall be under oath; shall be cumulative during the period prescribed therefor in the election to which they relate, but, where there has been no change in an item reported in a previous statement, only the amount thereof need be carried forward; shall be deemed properly filed on the date of their mailing by registered mail; shall be kept and shall constitute a part of the public records of the Commission on Elections; and shall be open to public inspection. (C. A. 357-39)

Section 46 Prohibited collections of funds.

SEC. 46. Prohibited collections of funds.—It shall be unlawful for any person to hold balls, beauty contests, entertainments or cinematographic, theatrical, or other performances, during two months immediately preceding a regular or special election, for the purpose of raising funds for benefit purposes or for an election campaign, or for the support of any candidate. (C. A. 357-40)

Section 47 Prohibited contributions.

SEC. 47. Prohibited contributions.—It shall be unlawful for any corporation or entity operating a public utility or which is in possession of or is exploiting any natural resources of the nation to contribute or make any expenditure in connection with any election campaign. (C. A. 357-41)

Section 48 Limitation upon expenses of candidates.

Sec. 48. Limitation upon expenses of candidates.—No candidate shall spend for his election campaign more than the total amount of the emoluments for one year attached to the office for which he is a candidate. (C. A. 357-42)

Section 49 Unlawful expenditures.

SEC. 49. Unlawful expenditures.—It is unlawful for any person to make or offer to make an expenditure, or to cause an expenditure1 to be made or offered to any person to induce one either to vote or withhold his vote, or to vote for ;or against any candidate, or any aspirant for the nomination or selection of a candidate of a political party, and it is unlawful for any person to solicit or receive directly or indirectly any expenditure for any of the foregoing considerations. (C. A. 357-43)

Section 50 Unlawful electioneering.

SEC. 50. Unlawful electioneering.— During registration and voting days, it is unlawful to solicit votes or under-take any propaganda for or against any candidate or any party within the polling place and within a radius of thirty meters thereof. (C. A. 357-44)