The Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005

• Citation: S.I. 2005/255 (N.I.)
• Sections: 521

Section 1 Title and commencement

(1) This Order may be cited as the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005.

(2) Subject to paragraphs (3) to (5), the provisions of this Order shall come into operation on such day or days as the Department may by order appoint.

(3) The following provisions shall come into operation on the expiration of seven days from the day on which this Order is made—

(a) this Article and Article 2 (other than paragraphs (5) and (6));

(b) in Part V, Article 213 (supply of housing benefit information);

(c) in Part VI, Article 258 (exemption from statutory revaluation requirement);

(d) in Part VIII—

(i) Article 272 (persons entitled to more than one Category B retirement pension),

(ii) Article 273(3) (commencement of amendments of state pension deferment provisions made by the 1995 Order), and

(iii) Article 274 (disclosure of state pension information), except paragraphs (4) and (5)(b);

(e) in Part IX (miscellaneous and supplementary)—

(i) Articles 277 and 278 (electronic working), and

(ii) Articles 285, 287 (other than paragraph (4)), 288 and 289;

(f) the repeal by this Order of Article 47(2) of the 1999 Order.

(4) Article 273 (and Schedule 9 (deferral of retirement pensions and shared additional pensions), other than the provisions coming into operation in accordance with paragraph (3)—

(a) shall come into operation on the expiration of seven days from the day on which this Order is made so far as is necessary for enabling the making of any regulations for which they provide, and

(b) otherwise, shall come into operation on 6th April 2005.

(5) The repeals by this Order of Article 131(3) of, and paragraph 18(13) and (14) of Schedule 2 to, the 1995 Order shall come into operation on 6th April 2005.

(6) Without prejudice to Article 287(3), the power to make an order under this Article includes power—

(a) to make transitional adaptations or modifications—

(i) of the provisions brought into operation by the order, or

(ii) in connection with those provisions, of any provisions of Parts II to VII of this Order, the Pension Schemes Act, the 1995 Order, Parts II, III or V of the 1999 Order or Chapter 2 of Part II of the 2000 Act, or

(b) to save the effect of any of the repealed provisions of any of those statutory provisions, or those provisions as adapted or modified by the order,

as it appears to the Department expedient, including different adaptations or modifications for different periods.

Section 2 General interpretation

(1) The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 (c. 33) applies to this Order as it applies to an Act of the Assembly.

(2) In this Order, unless the context otherwise requires—

“the 1995 Order” means the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 ( NI 22);

“the 1999 Order” means the Welfare Reform and Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 (NI 11);

“the 2000 Act” means the Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act (Northern Ireland) 2000 (c. 4);

“active member” has the meaning given by Article 121(1) of the 1995 Order;

“the Board” means the Board of the Pension Protection Fund;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“the Contributions and Benefits Act” means the Social Security Contributions and Benefits (Northern Ireland) Act 1992 (c. 7);

“the Department” means the Department for Social Development;

“the Determinations Panel” means the committee established by the Regulator under section 9 of the Pensions Act 2004 (c. 35);

“direct payment arrangements”, in relation to a personal pension scheme, has the same meaning as in section 107A of the Pension Schemes Act;

“earnings” has the meaning given by section 176(1) of the Pension Schemes Act;

“employee” has the meaning given by section 176(1) of the Pension Schemes Act;

“employer”

in relation to an occupational pension scheme, means the employer of persons in the description of employment to which the scheme in question relates (but see paragraph (5)), and

in relation to a personal pension scheme, where direct payment arrangements exist in respect of one or more members of the scheme who are employees, means an employer with whom those arrangements exist;

“enactment” includes any statutory provision;

“ First-tier Tribunal ” and “ Upper Tribunal ” mean those tribunals established under section 3 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007;

“government department” means a Northern Ireland department or a department of the government of the United Kingdom;

“the Insolvency Order” means the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (NI 19);

“managers”, in relation to an occupational or personal pension scheme (other than a scheme established under a trust), means the persons responsible for the management of the scheme;

“member”, in relation to an occupational pension scheme, means any active, deferred, pensioner or pension credit member within the meaning of Article 121(1) of the 1995 Order (but see paragraph (6));

“modifications” includes additions, omissions and amendments;

“money purchase benefit” has the meaning given by section 176(1) of the Pension Schemes Act;

“money purchase scheme” has the meaning given by section 176(1) of the Pension Schemes Act;

“occupational pension scheme” has the meaning given by section 1 of the Pension Schemes Act;

“ pension board ” has the same meaning as in the Public Service Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2014 (see section 5 of that Act);

“pension credit” has the meaning given by Article 121(1) of the 1995 Order;

“the Pension Schemes Act” means the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (c. 49);

“personal pension scheme” has the meaning given by section 1 of the Pension Schemes Act;

“the PPF Ombudsman” means the Ombudsman for the Board of the Pension Protection Fund;

“prescribed” means prescribed by regulations;

“professional adviser”, in relation to an occupational pension scheme, has the meaning given by Article 47 of the 1995 Order;

“ public service pension scheme ” means, subject to paragraph (6A)—

a scheme under section 1 of the Public Service Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2014 (new public service schemes);

a new public body pension scheme (within the meaning of that Act);

any statutory pension scheme which is connected with a scheme referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) (and for this purpose “statutory pension scheme” and “connected” have the meanings given in that Act);

“regulations” means regulations made by the Department;

“the Regulator” means the Pensions Regulator;

“ scheme manager ”, in relation to a public service pension scheme, has the same meaning as in the Public Service Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2014 (see section 4 of that Act);

“statutory provision” has the meaning given by section 1(f) of the Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 (c. 33);

“ Tribunal Procedure Rules ” has the same meaning as in the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) In this Order, unless the context otherwise requires, references to the scheme rules, in relation to a pension scheme , are references to—

(a) the rules of the scheme, except so far as overridden by a relevant legislative provision,

(b) the relevant legislative provisions, to the extent that they have effect in relation to the scheme and are not reflected in the rules of the scheme, and

(c) any provision which the rules of the scheme do not contain but which the scheme must contain if it is to conform with the requirements of Chapter 1 of Part IV of the Pension Schemes Act (preservation of benefit under occupational pension schemes).

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (3)—

(a) “relevant legislative provision” means any provision contained in any of the following provisions—

(i) Schedule 5 to the Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (NI 13) (equal treatment for men and women);

(ii) Chapter 2 or 3 of Part 4 of the Pension Schemes Act (certain protection for early leavers) or regulations made under either of those Chapters;

(iia) Chapter 1 or 2 of Part 4ZA of that Act (transfers and contribution refunds) or regulations made under either of those Chapters;

(iii) Part IVA of that Act (requirements relating to pension credit benefit) or regulations made under that Part;

(iv) section 106(1) of that Act (requirement as to resources for annual increase of guaranteed minimum pensions);

(v) Part II of the 1995 Order (occupational pensions) or orders or regulations made or having effect as if made under that Part;

(vi) Article 28 of the 1999 Order (pension debits: reduction of benefit);

(vii) any provision mentioned in Article 279(2);

(viii) section 61 of the Pension Schemes Act 2015;

(ix) regulations made under section 62 or 63 of the Pension Schemes Act 2015;

(x) regulations made under section 69(4) of or paragraph 1(6) of Schedule 5 to the Pension Schemes Act 2021;

(xi) sections 85, 90, 92, 93 and 96 of the Pension Schemes Act 2021;

(xii) sections 21, 23, 26, 28, 29 and 33 of and Schedule 1 to the Pension Schemes Act (Northern Ireland) 2021;

(b) a relevant legislative provision is to be taken to override any of the provisions of the scheme if, and only if, it does so by virtue of any of the following provisions—

(i) paragraph 3 of Schedule 5 to the Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1989;

(ii) section 125(1) of the Pension Schemes Act;

(iii) Article 114(1) of the 1995 Order;

(iv) Article 28(4) of the 1999 Order;

(v) Article 279(1).

(vi) section 61(3) of the Pension Schemes Act 2015;

(vii) regulations made under section 62(4) or 63(4) of the Pension Schemes Act 2015.

(viii) sections 69(7)(b), 85(5), 90(6), 92(6), 93(2) and 96(5) of and paragraph 1(7) of Schedule 5 to the Pension Schemes Act 2021.

(ix) sections 21(7), 23(7), 26(9), 28(6), 29(2) and 33(5) of and paragraph 1(7) of Schedule 1 to the Pension Schemes Act (Northern Ireland) 2021.

(5) Regulations may, in relation to occupational pension schemes, extend for the purposes of this Part and Parts II, III and V to VII the meaning of “employer” to include—

(a) persons who have been the employer in relation to the scheme;

(b) such other persons as may be prescribed.

(6) Regulations may for any purpose of any provision of this Order—

(a) prescribe the persons who are to be regarded as members or prospective members of an occupational or personal pension scheme, and

(b) make provision as to the times at which and circumstances in which a person is to be treated as becoming, or as ceasing to be, such a member or prospective member.

(6A) A scheme which would otherwise fall within the definition of “public service pension scheme” in paragraph (2) does not fall within that definition if—

(a) it is an injury or compensation scheme (within the meaning of the Public Service Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2014), or

(b) it is specified in an order made by the Department after consulting the Department of Finance and Personnel.

(7) In the application, for the purposes of this Order, of—

(a) section 24(1) of the Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 (c. 33) (service of documents by post) omit the word “registering”;

(b) section 39(2) of that Act (time beginning on a particular day), omit the word “not”.

Section 3 Regulator's functions

(1) The Regulator has—

(a) the functions transferred to it from the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority by virtue of this Order, and

(b) any other functions conferred by, or by virtue of, this or any other statutory provision.

(2) Schedule 1 makes further provision about the Regulator.

(3) As regards the exercise of the Regulator's functions—

(a) the functions mentioned in the following provisions are exercisable only by the Determinations Panel—

(i) Article 7(1) (the power in certain circumstances to determine whether to exercise the functions listed in Schedule 2 and to exercise them), and

(ii) Article 94(10) (the functions concerning the compulsory review of certain determinations), and

(b) the exercise of other functions of the Regulator (except the non-executive functions which are exercised in accordance with section 4(2)(a) of the Pensions Act 2004 (c. 35) and functions which are delegated in accordance with section 4(2)(c) of that Act) may be delegated by the Regulator under paragraph 1 of Schedule 1.

(4) Paragraph (3) is subject to any regulations made by the Department under paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 (power to limit or permit delegation of functions).

Section 4 Regulator's objectives

(1) The main objectives of the Regulator in exercising its functions are—

(a) to protect the benefits under occupational pension schemes of, or in respect of, members of such schemes,

(b) to protect the benefits under personal pension schemes of, or in respect of, members of such schemes within paragraph (2),

(c) to reduce the risk of situations arising which may lead to compensation being payable from the Pension Protection Fund (see Part III),

(cza) in relation to the exercise of its functions under Part 4 only, to minimise any adverse impact on the sustainable growth of an employer,

(ca) to maximise compliance with the duties under Chapter 1 of Part 1 (and the safeguards in sections 50 and 54) of the Pensions ( No. 2) Act (Northern Ireland) 2008, and

(d) to promote, and to improve understanding of, the good administration of work-based pension schemes.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b) the members of personal pension schemes within this paragraph are—

(a) the members who are employees in respect of whom direct payment arrangements exist, and

(b) where the scheme is a stakeholder pension scheme, any other members.

(3) In this Article—

“stakeholder pension scheme” means a personal pension scheme which is or has been registered under Article 4 of the 1999 Order (register of stakeholder schemes);

“work-based pension scheme” means—

an occupational pension scheme,

a personal pension scheme where direct payment arrangements exist in respect of one or more members of the scheme who are employees, or

a stakeholder pension scheme.

Section 5 Supplementary powers

The Regulator may do anything (except borrow money) which—

(a) is calculated to facilitate the exercise of its functions, or

(b) is incidental or conducive to their exercise.

Section 6 Transfer of OPRA 's functions to the Regulator

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the functions of the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority ( “OPRA”) conferred by or by virtue of—

(a) the Pension Schemes Act,

(b) the 1995 Order, and

(c) the 1999 Order,

are hereby transferred to the Regulator.

(2) Accordingly—

(a) in section 176(1) of the Pension Schemes Act (which defines “the Regulatory Authority” to mean OPRA), for the definition of “the Regulatory Authority” substitute—

“ “the Regulatory Authority” means the Pensions Regulator;” ,

(b) in Article 121(1) of the 1995 Order (which defines “the Authority”, in Part II of that Order, to mean OPRA), for the definition of “the Authority” substitute—

“ “the Authority” means the Pensions Regulator;” ,

(c) in Article 9(1) of the 1999 Order (which defines “the Authority”, in Part II of that Order, to mean OPRA), for the definition of “the Authority” substitute—

“ “the Authority” means the Pensions Regulator;” , and

(d) in Article 30 of that Order (time for discharge of pension credit liability), in paragraph (5) for “the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority” substitute “ the Pensions Regulator ” .

Section 7 Functions exercisable by the Determinations Panel

(1) The Determinations Panel is to exercise on behalf of the Regulator—

(a) the power to determine, in the circumstances described in paragraph (2), whether to exercise a reserved regulatory function, and

(b) where it so determines to exercise a reserved regulatory function, the power to exercise the function in question.

(2) Those circumstances are—

(a) where the Regulator considers that the exercise of the reserved regulatory function may be appropriate, or

(b) where an application is made under, or by virtue of, any of the provisions listed in paragraph (6) for the Regulator to exercise the reserved regulatory function.

(3) Where paragraph (1) applies, the powers mentioned in that paragraph are not otherwise exercisable by or on behalf of the Regulator.

(4) For the purposes of this Part, a function of the Regulator is a “reserved regulatory function” if it is a function listed in Schedule 2.

(5) Regulations may amend Schedule 2 by—

(a) adding any function of the Regulator conferred by, or by virtue of, this or any other statutory provision,

(b) omitting any such function, or

(c) altering the description of any such function contained in that Schedule.

(6) The provisions referred to in paragraph (2)(b) are—

(a) Article 16(10) (application to permit payments out of an account that is subject to a restraining order);

(b) Article 22(2) (application for order validating action taken in contravention of freezing order);

(c) Article 37(7) (application for the issue of a revised contribution notice under Article 37(9));

(d) Article 46(7) (application for the issue of a revised contribution notice under Article 46(9));

(e) Article 3(3) of the 1995 Order (application for revocation of prohibition order);

(ea) Article 3A(3) of that Order (application for waiver of prohibition);

(f) Article 4(5) of that Order (application for revocation of a suspension order);

(g) Article 7(5A) of that Order (application for appointment of a trustee under Article 7(3)(a) or (c) of that Order);

(h) Article 29(5) of that Order (application for waiver of disqualification);

(ha) Article 58(7) of that Order (power of the Regulator in prescribed circumstances to extend or further extend the period referred to in Article 58(6) of that Order in relation to a schedule of contributions);

(hb) Article 60(7) of that Order (power of the Regulator in prescribed circumstances to extend or further extend the period applicable under Article 60(3) of that Order in relation to securing an increase in value);

(i) Article 69(1) of that Order (application for order authorising modification or modifying a scheme);

(j) Article 71A(2) of that Order (application for modifying a scheme to secure winding up);

(k) section 95(4A) of the Pension Schemes Act (application for extension under section 95(4) of that Act of a period for compliance);

(l) section 97J(6)(a) of that Act (application for extension under section 97J(2) of that Act of a period for compliance).

(7) Regulations may amend paragraph (6) by—

(a) adding any provision of this or any other statutory provision to the list in that paragraph, or

(b) omitting or altering the description of any provision mentioned in that list.

(8) The Panel may be authorised under paragraph 1(3) or (5) of Schedule 1 to exercise further functions of the Regulator on behalf of the Regulator.

(9) The Panel may authorise any of its members or any of its sub-committees to exercise on its behalf—

(a) any of the functions of the Regulator which are exercisable by the Panel on behalf of the Regulator, or

(b) any of the functions of the Panel under Article 88(3) or 94(11) or paragraph 18(2) of Schedule 1 to the Pensions Act 2004 (c. 35) (procedure).

(10) This Article is subject to any regulations made by the Department under paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 (power to limit or permit delegation of functions).

Section 8 Provision of information, education and assistance

(1) The Regulator may provide such information, education and assistance as it considers appropriate to those involved in—

(a) the administration of work-based pension schemes, or

(b) advising the trustees or managers in relation to such schemes as to their operation.

(2) To the extent that it is not authorised to do so under paragraph (1), the Regulator may also provide such information, education and assistance as it considers appropriate to—

(a) employers in relation to work-based pension schemes,

(b) persons involved in advising such employers as to the operation of such schemes, or

(c) persons upon whom duties are imposed by or by virtue of Article 215 (information and advice to employees).

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), “employers in relation to work-based pension schemes” means, in the case of stakeholder pension schemes, the persons upon whom duties are imposed by or by virtue of Article 5 of the 1999 Order (duty of employers to facilitate access to stakeholder pension schemes).

(4) In this Article—

“assistance” does not include financial assistance;

“stakeholder pension scheme” and “work-based pension scheme” have the same meaning as in Article 4 (Regulator's objectives).

Section 9 Improvement notices

(1) If the Regulator is of the opinion that a person—

(a) is contravening one or more provisions of the pensions legislation, or

(b) has contravened one or more of those provisions in circumstances that make it likely that the contravention will continue or be repeated,

it may issue a notice (an “improvement notice”) to that person directing him to take, or refrain from taking, such steps as are specified in the notice in order to remedy or prevent a recurrence of the contravention.

(2) An improvement notice must—

(a) state that the Regulator is of that opinion and specify the provision or provisions of the pensions legislation in question,

(b) contain a statement of the matters which it is asserted constitute the contravention and of the evidence on which that opinion is based, and

(c) in respect of each step specified in the notice, state the period (being a period of not less than 21 days beginning with the date of the notice) within which it must be complied with.

(3) Directions in an improvement notice—

(a) may be framed to any extent by reference to a code of practice issued by the Regulator under Article 85 or 85A , and

(b) may be framed so as to afford the person to whom the notice is issued a choice between different ways of remedying or preventing the recurrence of the contravention.

(4) Directions in an improvement notice may be expressed to be conditional on compliance by a third party with a specified direction, or specified directions, contained in a notice under Article 10 (third party notices).

(5) An improvement notice may direct the person to whom it is issued to inform the Regulator, within such period as may be specified in the notice, of how he has complied, or is complying, with the notice.

(6) Where a contravention of a provision of the pensions legislation consists of a failure to take action within a time limit, for the purposes of this Article the contravention continues until such time as the action is taken.

(7) In this Article “pensions legislation” means any statutory provision contained in or made by virtue of any of the following —

(a) the Pension Schemes Act,

(b) Part II of the 1995 Order, other than Articles 62 to 66A of that Order (equal treatment),

(c) Part II or Article 30 of the 1999 Order, ...

(d) this Order, ...

(e) section 5(5) (pension board: conflicts of interest), 6 (pension board: information), 14 (information about benefits) or 16 (records) of the Public Service Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2014 ...

(f) paragraph 2 of Schedule 18 to the Pensions Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (power to impose requirements relating to administration or governance) , or

(g) the Pension Schemes Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 , or

(h) Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2021. , or

(i) Part 1 of the Pension Schemes Act (Northern Ireland) 2021.

(8) If the trustees or managers of an occupational or personal pension scheme fail to comply with an improvement notice issued to them, Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(9) That Article also applies to any other person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with an improvement notice issued to him.

Section 10 Third party notices

(1) Where the Regulator is of the opinion that—

(a) a person—

(i) is contravening one or more provisions of the pensions legislation, or

(ii) has contravened one or more of those provisions in circumstances that make it likely that the contravention will continue or be repeated,

(b) the contravention is or was, wholly or partly, a result of a failure of another person ( “the third party”) to do any thing, and

(c) that failure is not itself a contravention of the pensions legislation,

the Regulator may issue a notice (a “third party notice”) directing the third party to take, or refrain from taking, such steps as are specified in the notice in order to remedy or prevent a recurrence of his failure.

(2) A third party notice must—

(a) state that the Regulator is of that opinion and specify the provision or provisions of the pensions legislation in question,

(b) contain a statement of—

(i) the matters which it is asserted constitute the contravention of the provision or provisions, and

(ii) the matters which it is asserted constitute the failure by the third party,

and the evidence on which that opinion is based, and

(c) in respect of each step specified in the notice, state the period (being a period of not less than 21 days beginning with the date of the notice) within which it must be complied with.

(3) Directions in a third party notice may be framed so as to afford the third party a choice between different ways of remedying or preventing the recurrence of his failure.

(4) A third party notice may direct the third party to inform the Regulator, within such period as may be specified in the notice, of how he has complied, or is complying, with the notice.

(5) Where a contravention of a provision of the pensions legislation consists of a failure to take action within a time limit, for the purposes of this Article the contravention continues until such time as the action is taken.

(6) Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to a person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a third party notice issued to him.

(7) Subject to Article 283 (protected items), no duty to which a person is subject is to be regarded as contravened merely because of anything required to be done in compliance with a third party notice.

(8) In this Article “pensions legislation” has the same meaning as in Article 9.

Section 10A Appointment of skilled person to assist public service pension scheme

(1) The Regulator may, if it considers it desirable for the purpose of ensuring compliance with pensions legislation, appoint a person to assist the pension board of a public service pension scheme in the discharge of its functions.

(2) A person appointed under this Article may be any person appearing to the Regulator to have the necessary skills.

(3) The pension board of a public service pension scheme must have regard to the advice of a person appointed under this Article.

(4) The costs of a person appointed under this Article are to be met by the scheme manager of the scheme.

(5) In paragraph (1) “ pensions legislation ” has the same meaning as in Article 9.

Section 11 Injunctions

If, on the application of the Regulator, the High Court is satisfied that—

(a) there is a reasonable likelihood that a particular person will do any act which constitutes a misuse or misappropriation of any of the assets of an occupational or personal pension scheme, or

(b) a particular person has done any such act and there is a reasonable likelihood that he will continue or repeat the act in question or do a similar act,

the Court may grant an injunction restraining him from doing so.

Section 12 Restitution

(1) If, on the application of the Regulator, the High Court is satisfied that there has been a misuse or misappropriation of any of the assets of an occupational or personal pension scheme, it may order any person involved to take such steps as the Court may direct for restoring the parties to the position in which they were before the misuse or misappropriation occurred.

(2) For this purpose a person is “involved” if he appears to the High Court to have been knowingly concerned in the misuse or misappropriation of the assets.

Section 13 Power of the Regulator to recover unpaid contributions

(1) Where any employer contribution payable towards an occupational or personal pension scheme is not paid on or before its due date, the Regulator may, on behalf of the trustees or managers of the scheme, exercise such powers as the trustees or managers have to recover that contribution.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), any employer contribution payable towards a personal pension scheme which is not paid on or before its due date is, if not a debt due from the employer to the trustees or managers apart from this paragraph, to be treated as if it were such a debt.

(3) In this Article—

“due date”

in relation to employer contributions payable towards an occupational pension scheme in accordance with a schedule of contributions under Article 206, has the same meaning as in Article 207,

in relation to employer contributions payable in accordance with a payment schedule under Article 85 of the 1995 Order (schedules of payments to money purchase schemes), has the meaning given in paragraph (2)(c) of that Article, ...

in relation to employer contributions payable towards a personal pension scheme, has the same meaning as in section 107A of the Pension Schemes Act (monitoring of employer payments to personal pension schemes); and

in relation to employer contributions payable under a public service pension scheme, the date on which the contributions are due under the scheme;

“employer contribution”

in relation to an occupational pension scheme other than a public service pension scheme , means any contribution payable by or on behalf of the employer towards the scheme in accordance with a schedule of contributions under Article 206 or a payment schedule under Article 85 of the 1995 Order (schedules of payments to money purchase schemes) whether—

on the employer's own account (but in respect of one or more employees), or

on behalf of an employee out of deductions from the employee's earnings, ...

in relation to a personal pension scheme, means any contribution payable towards the scheme under direct payment arrangements, and

in relation to a public service pension scheme, means any contributions payable under the scheme by the employer.

Section 14 Pension liberation: interpretation

(1) In this Article and Articles 15 to 17—

(a) “pension scheme” means an occupational pension scheme or a personal pension scheme,

(b) “deposit-taker” has the meaning given by paragraphs (8A) and (8B) of Article 49 of the 1995 Order, except that, for the purposes of this definition, paragraph (8A)(c) of that Article has effect with the omission of the words from “or” to the end,

(c) references to money liberated from a pension scheme are to be read in accordance with paragraph (2),

(d) “liberated member”, in relation to money liberated from a pension scheme, means the member of the pension scheme who is referred to in paragraph (2)(a), and

(e) “restraining order” means a restraining order under Article 16.

(2) Money is to be taken to have been liberated from a pension scheme if—

(a) the money directly or indirectly represents an amount that, in respect of accrued rights or an entitlement of a member of a pension scheme, has been transferred out of the scheme in pursuance of—

(i) a relevant statutory provision, or

(ii) a provision of the scheme rules , other than a relevant statutory provision,

(b) the trustees or managers of the scheme transferred the amount out of the scheme on the basis that a third party ( “the liberator”) would secure that the amount was used in an authorised way,

(c) the amount has not been used in an authorised way, and

(d) the liberator has not secured, and is not likely to secure, that the amount will be used in an authorised way.

(3) The following are “relevant statutory provisions” for the purposes of paragraph (2)—

(a) section 90 of the Pension Schemes Act (right to cash equivalent under Chapter 1 of Part 4ZA of that Act);

(b) section 97AB(1)(a) of that Act (right to cash transfer sum under Chapter 2 of Part 4ZA of that Act);

(c) section 97F(1) of that Act (right to cash equivalent of pension credit benefit).

(4) In paragraph (2) “authorised way” means—

(a) where the amount concerned is transferred out of the scheme in pursuance of a provision mentioned in paragraph (3)(a), a way specified in ... section 91 of the Pension Schemes Act;

(b) where that amount is transferred out in pursuance of the provision mentioned in paragraph (3)(b), a way specified in section 97AE(2) of that Act;

(c) where that amount is transferred out in pursuance of the provision mentioned in paragraph (3)(c), a way specified in subsection (2) or, as the case may be, subsection (3) of section 97F of that Act;

(d) where that amount is transferred out in pursuance of a provision of the kind mentioned in paragraph (2)(a)(ii), a way that is authorised by the scheme rules for amounts transferred out in pursuance of that provision.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 15 Pension liberation: Court's power to order restitution

(1) This Article applies where money has been liberated from a pension scheme.

(2) In this Article “recoverable property” means (subject to paragraph (3))—

(a) the money or any of it, or

(b) property (of any kind and wherever situated) that, directly or indirectly, represents any of the money.

(3) Where a person acquires the beneficial interest in recoverable property in good faith, for value and without notice that the property is, or (as the case may be) represents, money liberated from a pension scheme—

(a) the property ceases to be recoverable property, and

(b) no property that subsequently represents it is recoverable property.

(4) The High Court, on the application of the Regulator, may make such order as the Court thinks just and convenient for the purpose of securing that recoverable property, or money representing its value or proceeds of its sale, is transferred—

(a) towards a pension scheme,

(b) towards an annuity or insurance policy, or

(c) to the liberated member.

(5) An order under paragraph (4) may (in particular) direct a person who holds recoverable property, or has any degree of control over recoverable property, to take steps for the purpose mentioned in that paragraph.

(6) Where the High Court makes an order under sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (4), it may by order direct the trustees or managers of the scheme referred to in that sub-paragraph—

(a) to take steps for the purpose mentioned in that paragraph;

(b) to apply the property or money transferred, in such manner as the Court may direct, for the purpose of providing benefits under that scheme to or in respect of the liberated member.

(7) Regulations may modify any of the provisions of the Pension Schemes Act as it applies in relation to cases where an order is made under paragraph (6).

(8) The generality of the jurisdiction conferred by Article 12 is not to be taken to be prejudiced by this Article.

(9) The generality of the jurisdiction conferred by this Article is not to be taken to be prejudiced by Article 17.

Section 16 Pension liberation: restraining orders

(1) The Regulator may make a restraining order in relation to an account with a deposit-taker if—

(a) it is satisfied that the account contains money which has been liberated from a pension scheme,

(b) it is satisfied that the account is held by or on behalf of—

(i) the liberator, or

(ii) a person who has to, or in practice is likely to, ensure that the account is operated in accordance with the liberator's directions, and

(c) the order is made pending consideration being given to the making of one or more repatriation orders in relation to the account under Article 17.

(2) A restraining order is an order directing that no credit or debit of any amount may be made to the account concerned ( “the restrained account”) during the period for which the order has effect.

(3) A restraining order must—

(a) specify the name of the deposit-taker in respect of which it is made,

(b) identify the account in respect of which it is made, and

(c) contain such other information as may be prescribed.

(4) A restraining order—

(a) takes effect when the deposit-taker concerned is notified by the Regulator of the making of the order, and

(b) (subject to paragraph (7)) ceases to have effect through expiry of time at the end of the six months beginning with the day when it is made.

(5) The Regulator may, at a time when a restraining order has effect, make an order extending (or further extending) the restraining order.

(6) An order under paragraph (5) (an “extension order”) takes effect—

(a) when the deposit-taker concerned is notified by the Regulator of the making of the order, but

(b) only if notification under sub-paragraph (a) occurs at a time when the restraining order concerned has effect.

(7) Where an extension order takes effect—

(a) the restraining order concerned does not cease to have effect through expiry of time until the end of the six months beginning with the time when it would have ceased to have effect through expiry of time had it not been extended, but

(b) for so long as the extension order has effect, no further extension order can take effect before that time in relation to the restraining order.

(8) A restraining order does not prevent the crediting to the restrained account of an amount representing interest payable by the deposit-taker on any amount which is, or has been, in the account.

(9) Where a restraining order has effect, the deposit-taker must return to the payer any money credited to the restrained account in breach of the order.

(10) Where a restraining order has effect, the Regulator may, on an application made by or with the consent of the person by whom the restrained account is held, by order permit a payment specified in the order to be made out of the account if the Regulator is satisfied—

(a) that the payment will be made for the purpose of enabling—

(i) any individual to meet his reasonable living expenses, or

(ii) any person to carry on a trade, business, profession or occupation,

(b) that the beneficial interest in the money out of which the payment will be made belongs—

(i) to the individual, or person, concerned, or

(ii) to a person who consents to the making of the payment, and

(c) that the money out of which the payment will be made is not money liberated from a pension scheme.

(11) Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to a deposit-taker who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with any obligation imposed by a restraining order or by this Article.

Section 17 Pension liberation: repatriation orders

(1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply where—

(a) a restraining order has effect, and

(b) the Regulator is satisfied that the restrained account contains an amount of money liberated from a pension scheme.

(2) The Regulator may by order—

(a) direct the deposit-taker concerned to pay from the account a sum not exceeding that amount—

(i) towards a pension scheme,

(ii) towards an annuity or insurance policy, or

(iii) to the liberated member, and

(b) where it makes an order under sub-paragraph (a)(i), direct the trustees or managers of the scheme to apply the sum, in such manner as the Regulator may direct, for the purpose of providing benefits under the scheme to or in respect of the liberated member.

(3) If it appears to the Regulator, on taking an overall view of transactions taking place before the restraining order was made, that there are two or more individuals each of whom is a person who is or may be the liberated member in relation to some of the money, the Regulator may determine the sums to be paid from the restrained account under paragraph (2) on any basis that appears to the Regulator to be just and reasonable.

(4) Regulations may modify any of the provisions of the Pension Schemes Act as it applies in relation to cases where an order is made under paragraph (2)(b).

(5) Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to a deposit-taker who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a direction given to him under paragraph (2)(a).

(6) If the trustees or managers of a pension scheme fail to comply with a direction given to them under paragraph (2)(b), that Article applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(7) In this Article “the restrained account” has the meaning given by Article 16.

Section 18 Powers to wind up occupational pension schemes

In Article 11 of the 1995 Order (powers to wind up occupational pension schemes)—

(a) omit paragraph (3),

(b) before paragraph (4) insert—

(3A) The Authority may, during an assessment period (within the meaning of Article 116 of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (meaning of “assessment period” for the purposes of Part III of that Order)) in relation to an occupational pension scheme, by order direct the scheme to be wound up if they are satisfied that it is necessary to do so in order—

(a) to ensure that the scheme's protected liabilities do not exceed its assets, or

(b) if those liabilities do exceed its assets, to keep the excess to a minimum.

(3B) In paragraph (3A)—

(a) “protected liabilities” has the meaning given by Article 115 of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005, and

(b) references to the assets of the scheme are references to those assets excluding any assets representing the value of any rights in respect of money purchase benefits (within the meaning of that Order) under the scheme. ,

(c) at the end of paragraph (4) add—

“This paragraph is subject to Articles 24, 119 and 198 of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (winding up order made when freezing order has effect in relation to scheme or during assessment period under Part III of that Order).” , and

(d) after paragraph (6) insert—

(6A) Paragraph (6) does not have effect to authorise the Authority to make an order as mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b) of that paragraph, if their doing so would be unlawful as a result of section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 (unlawful for public authority to act in contravention of a Convention right).

Section 19 Freezing orders

(1) This Article applies to an occupational pension scheme which is not a money purchase scheme.

(2) The Regulator may make a freezing order in relation to such a scheme if and only if—

(a) the order is made pending consideration being given to the making of an order in relation to the scheme under Article 11(1)(c) of the 1995 Order (power to wind up schemes where necessary to protect the generality of members), and

(b) the Regulator is satisfied that—

(i) there is, or is likely to be if the order is not made, an immediate risk to the interests of members under the scheme or the assets of the scheme, and

(ii) it is necessary to make the freezing order to protect the interests of the generality of the members of the scheme.

But no freezing order may be made in relation to a scheme during an assessment period (within the meaning of Article 116) in relation to the scheme (see Article 119(11)).

(3) A freezing order is an order directing that during the period for which it has effect—

(a) no benefits are to accrue under the scheme rules to, or in respect of, members of the scheme, and

(b) winding up of the scheme may not begin.

(4) A freezing order may also contain one or more of the following directions which have effect during the period for which the order has effect—

(a) a direction that no new members, or no specified classes of new member, are to be admitted to the scheme;

(b) a direction that—

(i) no further contributions or payments, or

(ii) no further specified contributions or payments,

are to be paid towards the scheme by or on behalf of the employer, any members or any specified members of the scheme;

(c) a direction that any amount or any specified amount which—

(i) corresponds to any contribution which would be due to be paid towards the scheme on behalf of a member but for a direction under sub-paragraph (b), and

(ii) has been deducted from a payment of any earnings in respect of an employment,

is to be repaid to the member in question by the employer;

(d) a direction that no benefits, or no specified benefits, are to be paid to or in respect of any members or any specified members under the scheme rules;

(e) a direction that payments of all benefits or specified benefits under the scheme rules to or in respect of all the members or specified members may only be made from the scheme if they are reduced in a specified manner or by a specified amount;

(f) a direction that—

(i) no transfers or no specified transfers of, or no transfer payments or no specified transfer payments in respect of, any member's rights under the scheme rules are to be made from the scheme, or

(ii) no other steps or no specified other steps are to be taken to discharge any liability of the scheme to or in respect of a member of the scheme in respect of pensions or other benefits;

(g) a direction that no statements of entitlement are to be provided to members of the scheme under section 89A of the Pension Schemes Act ( benefits other than money purchase : right to statement of entitlement);

(h) a direction that—

(i) no refunds of, or no specified refunds of, or in respect of, contributions paid by or in respect of a member towards the scheme are to be made from the scheme, or

(ii) refunds or specified refunds of, or in respect of, contributions paid by or in respect of a member towards the scheme may only be made from the scheme if they are determined in a specified manner and satisfy such other conditions as may be specified.

(5) In paragraph (4)(b)—

(a) the references to contributions do not include contributions due to be paid before the order takes effect, and

(b) the references to payments towards a scheme include payments in respect of pension credits where the person entitled to the credit is a member of the scheme.

(6) A freezing order may not contain a direction under paragraph (4)(d) or (e) which reduces the benefits payable to or in respect of a member, for the period during which the order has effect, below the level to which the trustees or managers of the scheme would have power to reduce them if a winding up of the scheme had begun at the time when the freezing order took effect.

(7) A direction under paragraph (4)(f) may, in particular, provide that transfers or specified transfers of, or transfer payments or specified transfer payments in respect of, any member's rights under the scheme rules may not be made from the scheme unless the amounts paid out from the scheme in respect of the transfers or transfer payments are determined in a specified manner and the transfer or transfer payments satisfy such other conditions as may be specified.

(8) A freezing order may also require the trustees or managers of the scheme to obtain an actuarial valuation within a specified period.

(9) A freezing order containing such a requirement must specify—

(a) the date by reference to which the assets and liabilities are to be valued,

(b) the assets and liabilities which are to be taken into account,

(c) the manner in which the valuation must be prepared,

(d) the information and statements which it must contain, and

(e) any other requirements that the valuation must satisfy.

(10) For the purposes of paragraph (8)—

“an actuarial valuation” means a written valuation of the scheme's assets and liabilities prepared and signed by the actuary,

“the actuary” means—

the actuary appointed under Article 47(1)(b) of the 1995 Order (professional advisers) in relation to the scheme, or

if no such actuary has been appointed—

a person with prescribed qualifications or experience, or

a person approved by the Department.

(11) In this Article “specified” means specified in the freezing order.

Section 20 Consequences of freezing order

(1) If a freezing order is made in relation to a scheme any action taken in contravention of the order is void except to the extent that the action is validated by an order under Article 22.

(2) A freezing order in relation to a scheme does not prevent any increase in a benefit which is an increase which would otherwise accrue in accordance with the scheme or any statutory provision during the period for which the order has effect, unless the order contains a direction to the contrary.

(3) A freezing order in relation to a scheme does not prevent the scheme being wound up in pursuance of an order under Article 11 of the 1995 Order (power to wind up occupational pension schemes).

(4) If a freezing order contains a direction under Article 19(4)(b) that no further contributions, or no further specified contributions, are to be paid towards a scheme during the period for which the order has effect—

(a) any contributions which are the subject of the direction and which would otherwise be due to be paid towards the scheme during that period are to be treated as if they do not fall due, and

(b) any obligation to pay those contributions (including any obligation under Article 49(8) of the 1995 Order to pay amounts deducted corresponding to such contributions) is to be treated as if it does not arise.

(5) If a freezing order contains a direction under Article 19(4)(f) (no transfers or discharge of member's rights) it does not prevent—

(a) giving effect to a pension sharing order or provision, or

(b) giving effect to a pension earmarking order in a case where—

(i) the order requires a payment to be made if a payment in respect of any benefits under the scheme becomes due to a person, and

(ii) a direction under Article 19(4)(d) or (e) does not prevent the payment becoming due.

(6) For the purposes of paragraph (5)—

“pension sharing order or provision” means an order or provision falling within Article 25(1) of the 1999 Order (activation of pension sharing);

“pension earmarking order” means—

an order under Article 25 of the Matrimonial Causes (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 (NI 15) (financial provision orders in connection with divorce etc. ) so far as it includes provision made by virtue of Article 27B or 27C of that Order (powers to include provision about pensions),

an order under Part 1 (financial provision in connection with dissolution, nullity or separation) of Schedule 15 to the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (financial relief in the High Court or a county court etc. : Northern Ireland) so far as it includes provision made by virtue of paragraphs 20 and 21 of Part 5 of that Schedule (powers to include provisions about pensions),

an order under section 23 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (c. 18) so far as it includes provision made by virtue of section 25B or 25C of that Act (powers in England and Wales corresponding to those mentioned in paragraph (a)), . . .

an order under section 12A(2) or (3) of the Family Law (Scotland) Act 1985 (c. 37) (powers in relation to pension lump sums when making a capital sum order) , or .

an order under Part 1 (financial provision in connection with dissolution, nullity or separation) of Schedule 5 to the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (financial relief in the High Court or a county court etc. ) so far as it includes provision made by virtue of paragraphs 25 and 26 of Part 6 of that Schedule (powers to include provisions about pensions).

(7) Regulations may modify any provisions of—

(a) Chapter 1 of Part 4ZA of the Pension Schemes Act (transfer rights: general), or

(b) Chapter 2 of that Part (early leavers: cash transfer sums and contribution refunds),

in their application to an occupational pension scheme in relation to which a freezing order is made containing a direction under Article 19(4)(f), (g) or (h) (no transfers etc. in respect of, member's rights or refunds of contributions etc. from the scheme).

(8) Disregarding paragraph (1), if a freezing order made in relation to a scheme is not complied with, Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager of the scheme who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(9) Paragraph (8) does not apply in the case of non-compliance with a direction under Article 19(4)(c) (direction that certain deducted contributions are to be repaid by the employer).

(10) In such a case, Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to an employer who, without reasonable excuse, fails to repay an amount as required by the direction.

Section 21 Period of effect etc. of freezing order

(1) A freezing order must specify the period for which it has effect.

(2) The period specified must not exceed three months.

(3) The Regulator may on one or more occasions by order extend the period for which the order has effect.

(4) But the total period for which the order has effect must not exceed six months.

(5) This Article is subject to Articles 23, 24 and 25 (effect of winding up and assessment period on freezing orders).

Section 22 Validation of action in contravention of freezing order

(1) If a freezing order is made in relation to a scheme, the Regulator may by order validate action taken in contravention of the order.

(2) Any of the following persons may apply to the Regulator for an order under this Article validating particular action—

(a) the trustees or managers of the scheme;

(b) any person directly affected by the action.

Section 23 Effect of determination to wind up scheme on freezing order

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) the Regulator determines to make an order under Article 11 of the 1995 Order (power to wind up occupational schemes) in relation to a scheme ( “a winding up order”),

(b) that determination is made during the period for which a freezing order has effect in relation to the scheme,

(c) the case is not one to which the special procedure in Article 93 applies (immediate exercise of powers where immediate risk to assets etc.), and

(d) the winding up order accordingly cannot be made until the expiry of the period specified in Article 91(5) (no exercise of powers during period of referral to the Tribunal etc.).

(2) In such a case the freezing order is to continue to have effect until—

(a) where the winding up order is made, it ceases to have effect under Article 24 from the time when that order is made, or

(b) the determination to make the winding up order is revoked.

(3) Paragraph (2) is subject to the Regulator's power under Article 96 to revoke the freezing order at any time.

Section 24 Effect of winding up order on freezing order

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) an order is made under Article 11 of the 1995 Order (power to wind up occupational pension schemes) in relation to a scheme, and

(b) the order is made during the period for which a freezing order has effect in relation to the scheme.

(2) In such a case—

(a) the winding up of the scheme in pursuance of the order under Article 11 of the 1995 Order is to be taken as beginning at the time when the freezing order took effect, and

(b) the freezing order ceases to have effect from the time when the order under Article 11 of the 1995 Order is made.

(3) The Regulator may by order direct any specified person—

(a) to take such specified steps as it considers are necessary as a result of the winding up of the scheme being deemed under paragraph (2)(a) to have begun at the time when the freezing order took effect, and

(b) to take those steps within a specified period.

(4) If the trustees or managers of a scheme fail to comply with a direction to them contained in an order under this Article, Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(5) That Article also applies to any other person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a direction to him contained in an order under this Article.

(6) In this Article “specified” means specified in an order under this Article.

Section 25 Effect of assessment period under Part III on freezing order

Where an assessment period (within the meaning of Article 116) begins in relation to a scheme, any freezing order in relation to the scheme ceases to have effect when the assessment period begins.

Section 26 Power to give a direction where freezing order ceases to have effect

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) the Regulator revokes a freezing order in relation to a scheme or it otherwise ceases to have effect, and

(b) at the time when the freezing order ceases to have effect, the Regulator has not made an order under Article 11 of the 1995 Order in relation to the scheme.

(2) In such a case the Regulator may make an order under this Article in relation to the scheme containing a direction that, if specified conditions are met, specified benefits are to accrue under the scheme rules to, or in respect of, specified members of the scheme in respect of specified periods of service being service in employment which but for the freezing order would have qualified the member in question for those benefits under the scheme rules.

(3) The conditions mentioned in paragraph (2) may include—

(a) a requirement that specified benefits do not accrue to, or in respect of, a member or a specified member unless a contribution of a specified amount is paid by or on behalf of the member towards the scheme within a specified period;

(b) a requirement that a contribution of a specified amount must be paid by or on behalf of the employer within a specified period;

(c) a requirement that such contributions as are specified under sub-paragraph (a) or (b) are to be accepted for the period for which the freezing order had effect or any part of that period.

(4) Where the freezing order contained a direction under Article 19(4)(d) or (e) and any amount of any benefit under the scheme rules was not paid as a result of the direction—

(a) the direction does not affect any entitlement to that benefit, and

(b) any benefit to which a member, or a person in respect of a member, remains entitled at the end of the period for which the freezing order had effect is an amount which falls due to the member or, as the case may be, the person at the end of that period.

(5) If an order made under this Article in relation to a scheme is not complied with, Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to a trustee or a manager of the scheme who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(6) Paragraph (7) applies if—

(a) an order is made under this Article in relation to a scheme,

(b) the order contains a requirement as described in paragraph (3)(b) that a contribution of a specified amount must be paid by or on behalf of the employer within a specified period, and

(c) the contribution is not paid within that period.

(7) In such a case—

(a) Article 10 of the 1995 Order applies to the employer if he has failed, without reasonable excuse, to secure compliance,

(b) the amount which for the time being remains unpaid after the end of the specified period is to be treated as a debt due from the employer to the trustees or managers of the scheme, and

(c) except in prescribed circumstances, the trustees or managers must, within a prescribed period, give notice of the failure to pay to the Regulator and to the member.

(8) If in any case paragraph (7)(c) is not complied with, Article 10 of the 1995 Order applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(9) In this Article “specified” means specified in an order under this Article.

Section 27 Notification of trustees, managers, employers and members

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) a freezing order is made in relation to a scheme,

(b) an order is made under Article 22 validating action taken in contravention of a freezing order made in relation to a scheme,

(c) an order is made under Article 24 directing specified steps to be taken following the winding up of a scheme, or

(d) an order is made under Article 26 in relation to a scheme where a freezing order ceases to have effect.

(2) The Regulator must, as soon as reasonably practicable after the order has been made, notify—

(a) the trustees or managers of the scheme, and

(b) the employer in relation to the scheme,

of the fact that the order has been made and of its effect.

(3) The Regulator may by order direct the trustees or managers of the scheme to notify—

(a) all the members of the scheme, or

(b) the members of the scheme specified in the order,

of the fact that the order mentioned in paragraph (1) has been made and of its effect.

(4) Notification is to be within the period and in the manner specified in the order under paragraph (3).

(5) If the trustees or managers of a scheme fail to comply with a direction to them contained in an order made under paragraph (3), Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

Section 28 Articles 19 to 27: supplementary

(1) An order may be made in relation to a scheme under any of Articles 19, 21, 22, 24, 26 and 27—

(a) in spite of any statutory provision or rule of law, or any rule of the scheme, which would otherwise operate to prevent the order being made, and

(b) without regard to any such statutory provision, rule of law or rule of the scheme as would otherwise require, or might otherwise be taken to require, the implementation of any procedure or the obtaining of any consent, with a view to the making of the order.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not have effect to authorise the Regulator to make an order as mentioned in that paragraph if its doing so would be unlawful as a result of section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 (c. 42) (unlawful for public authority to act in contravention of a Convention right).

Section 29 Prohibition orders

For Article 3 of the 1995 Order (prohibition orders) substitute—

Prohbition orders

(3)

(1) The Authority may by order prohibit a person from being a trustee of—

(a) a particular trust scheme,

(b) a particular description of trust schemes, or

(c) trust schemes in general,

if they are satisfied that he is not a fit and proper person to be a trustee of the scheme or schemes to which the order relates.

(2) Where a prohibition order is made under paragraph (1) against a person in respect of one or more schemes of which he is a trustee, the order has the effect of removing him.

(3) The Authority may, on the application of any person prohibited under this Article, by order revoke the order either generally or in relation to a particular scheme or description of schemes.

(4) An application under paragraph (3) may not be made—

(a) during the period within which the determination to exercise the power to make the prohibition order may be referred to the Tribunal under Article 91(3) or 94(7) of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005, and

(b) if the determination is so referred, until the reference, and any appeal against the Tribunal's determination, has been finally disposed of.

(5) A revocation made at any time under this Article cannot affect anything done before that time.

(6) The Authority must prepare and publish a statement of the policies they intend to adopt in relation to the exercise of their powers under this Article.

(7) The Authority may revise any statement published under paragraph (6) and must publish any revised statement.

(8) In this Article “the Tribunal” means the Pensions Regulator Tribunal established under section 102 of the Pensions Act 2004.

Section 30 Suspension orders

In Article 4 of the 1995 Order (suspension orders)—

(a) after paragraph (1)(a) insert—

(aa) pending consideration being given to the institution of proceedings against him for an offence involving dishonesty or deception, ,

(b) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in sub-paragraph (a) after “sub-paragraph (a)” insert “ or (aa) ” ,

(ii) after “have effect” insert “ in relation to a trust scheme ” , and

(iii) after “Article 3(1)” insert “ in relation to that scheme ” ,

(c) after paragraph (5) insert—

(5A) An application under paragraph (5) may not be made—

(a) during the period within which the determination to exercise the power to make an order under paragraph (1) may be referred to the Tribunal under Article 91(3) or 94(7) of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005, and

(b) if the determination is so referred, until the reference, and any appeal against the Tribunal's determination, has been finally disposed of. , and

(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 31 Appointment of trustees by the Regulator

(1) In Article 7 of the 1995 Order (appointment of trustees)—

(a) omit paragraph (4), and

(b) after paragraph (5) insert—

(5A) An application may be made to the Authority in relation to a trust scheme by—

(a) the trustees of the scheme,

(b) the employer, or

(c) any member of the scheme,

for the appointment of a trustee of the scheme under paragraph (3)(a) or (c).

(2) In Article 8 of that Order (consequences of appointment of trustees under Article 7), for paragraphs (1) and (2) substitute—

(1) An order under Article 7 appointing a trustee may provide for any fees and expenses of trustees appointed under the order to be paid—

(a) by the employer,

(b) out of the resources of the scheme, or

(c) partly by the employer and partly out of those resources.

(2) Such an order may also provide that an amount equal to the amount (if any) paid out of the resources of the scheme by virtue of paragraph (1)(b) or (c) is to be treated for all purposes as a debt due from the employer to the trustees of the scheme.

Section 32 Independent trustees

(1) Part II of the 1995 Order (occupational pension schemes) is amended as follows.

(2) In Article 22 (circumstances in which provisions relating to independent trustees apply)—

(a) in paragraph (1)(b) omit “or” at the end of head (i) and after that head insert—

(ia) the interim receiver of the property of a person who is the employer in relation to the scheme, or ,

(b) in paragraph (2), after “ a scheme ” insert “ by virtue of paragraph (1) ” ,

(c) after paragraph (2) insert—

(2A) To the extent that it does not already apply by virtue of paragraph (1), this Article also applies in relation to a trust scheme—

(a) at any time during an assessment period (within the meaning of Article 116 of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005) in relation to the scheme, and

(b) at any time, not within sub-paragraph (a), when the scheme is authorised under Article 137 of that Order (closed schemes) to continue as a closed scheme.

(d) after paragraph (2A) (inserted by sub-paragraph (c)) insert—

(2B) The responsible person must, as soon as reasonably practicable, give notice of an event within paragraph (2C) to—

(a) the Authority,

(b) the Board of the Pension Protection Fund, and

(c) the trustees of the scheme.

(2C) The events are—

(a) the practitioner beginning to act as mentioned in paragraph (1)(a), if immediately before he does so this Article does not apply in relation to the scheme;

(b) the practitioner ceasing to so act, if immediately after he does so this Article does not apply in relation to the scheme;

(c) the official receiver beginning to act in a capacity mentioned in paragraph (1)(b)(i), (ia) or (ii), if immediately before he does so this Article does not apply in relation to the scheme;

(d) the official receiver ceasing to act in such a capacity, if immediately after he does so this Article does not apply in relation to the scheme.

(2D) For the purposes of paragraph (2B) “the responsible person” means—

(a) in the case of an event within paragraph (2C)(a) or (b), the practitioner, and

(b) in the case of an event within paragraph (2C)(c) or (d), the official receiver.

(2E) Regulations may require prescribed persons in prescribed circumstances where this Article begins or ceases to apply in relation to a trust scheme by virtue of paragraph (2A) to give a notice to that effect to—

(a) the Authority,

(b) the Board of the Pension Protection Fund, and

(c) the trustees of the scheme.

(2F) A notice under paragraph (2B), or under regulations under paragraph (2E), must be in writing and contain such information as may be prescribed. .

(3) For Articles 23 and 24 (appointment of independent trustees) substitute—

Power to appoint independent trustees

(23)

(1) While Article 22 applies in relation to a trust scheme, the Authority may by order appoint as a trustee of the scheme a person who—

(a) is an independent person in relation to the scheme, and

(b) is registered in the register maintained by the Authority in accordance with regulations under paragraph (4).

(2) In relation to a particular trust scheme, no more than one trustee may at any time be an independent trustee appointed under paragraph (1).

(3) For the purposes of this Article a person is independent in relation to a trust scheme only if—

(a) he has no interest in the assets of the employer or of the scheme otherwise than as trustee of the scheme,

(b) he is neither connected with, nor an associate of—

(i) the employer,

(ii) any person for the time being acting as an insolvency practitioner in relation to the employer, or

(iii) the official receiver acting in any of the capacities mentioned in Article 22(1)(b) in relation to the employer, and

(c) he satisfies any prescribed requirements;

and any reference in this Part to an independent trustee is to be construed accordingly.

(4) Regulations must provide for the Authority to compile and maintain a register of persons who satisfy the prescribed conditions for registration.

(5) Regulations under paragraph (4) may provide—

(a) for copies of the register or of extracts from it to be provided to prescribed persons in prescribed circumstances;

(b) for the inspection of the register by prescribed persons in prescribed circumstances.

(6) The circumstances which may be prescribed under paragraph (5)(a) or (b) include the payment by the person to whom the copy is to be provided, or by whom the register is to be inspected, of such reasonable fee as may be determined by the Authority.

(7) This Article is without prejudice to the powers conferred by Article 7.

(4) In Article 25 (appointment and powers of independent trustees: further provisions)—

(a) for paragraph (4)(a) substitute—

(a) he must as soon as reasonably practicable give written notice of that fact to the Authority, and

(b) after paragraph (5) insert—

(5A) Article 10 applies to any person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with paragraph (4)(a).

(c) for paragraph (6) substitute—

(6) An order under Article 23(1) may provide for any fees and expenses of the trustee appointed under the order to be paid—

(a) by the employer,

(b) out of the resources of the scheme, or

(c) partly by the employer and partly out of those resources.

(7) Such an order may also provide that an amount equal to the amount (if any) paid out of the resources of the scheme by virtue of paragraph (6)(b) or (c) is to be treated for all purposes as a debt due from the employer to the trustees of the scheme.

(8) Where, by virtue of paragraph (6)(b) or (c), an order makes provision for any fees or expenses of the trustee appointed under the order to be paid out of the resources of the scheme, the trustee is entitled to be so paid in priority to all other claims falling to be met out of the scheme's resources.

Section 33 Disqualification

In Article 30 of the 1995 Order (consequences of disqualification under Article 29), for paragraph (1) substitute—

(1) Where a person who is a trustee of a trust scheme becomes disqualified under Article 29 in relation to the scheme, his becoming so disqualified has the effect of removing him as a trustee.

Section 34 Contribution notices where avoidance of employer debt

(1) This Article applies in relation to an occupational pension scheme other than—

(a) a money purchase scheme, or

(b) a prescribed scheme or a scheme of a prescribed description.

(2) The Regulator may issue a notice to a person stating that the person is under a liability to pay the sum specified in the notice (a “contribution notice”)—

(a) to the trustees or managers of the scheme, or

(b) where the Board has assumed responsibility for the scheme in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part III (pension protection), to the Board.

(3) The Regulator may issue a contribution notice to a person only if—

(a) the Regulator is of the opinion that the person was a party to an act or a deliberate failure to act which falls within paragraph (5),

(b) the person was at any time in the relevant period—

(i) the employer in relation to the scheme, or

(ii) a person connected with, or an associate of, the employer,

(c) the Regulator is of the opinion that the person, in being a party to the act or failure, was not acting in accordance with his functions as an insolvency practitioner in relation to another person, and

(d) the Regulator is of the opinion that it is reasonable to impose liability on the person to pay the sum specified in the notice, having regard to—

(i) the extent to which, in all the circumstances of the case, it was reasonable for the person to act, or fail to act, in the way that the person did, and

(ii) such other matters as the Regulator considers relevant, including (where relevant) the matters falling within paragraph (7).

(4) But the Regulator may not issue a contribution notice, in such circumstances as may be prescribed, to a person of a prescribed description.

(5) An act or a failure to act falls within this paragraph if—

(a) the Regulator is of the opinion that the material detriment test , the employer insolvency test or the employer resources test is met in relation to the act or failure (see Articles 34A, 34C and 34E) or that the main purpose or one of the main purposes of the act or failure was—

(i) to prevent the recovery of the whole or any part of a debt which was, or might become, due from the employer in relation to the scheme under Article 75 of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets), or

(ii) . . . to prevent such a debt becoming due, to compromise or otherwise settle such a debt, or to reduce the amount of such a debt which would otherwise become due,

(b) it is an act which occurred or a failure to act which first occurred—

(i) on or after 27th April 2004, and

(ii) before any assumption of responsibility for the scheme by the Board in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part III, and

(c) it is either—

(i) an act which occurred during the period of six years ending with the giving of a warning notice in respect of the contribution notice in question, or

(ii) a failure which first occurred during, or continued for the whole or part of, that period.

(6) For the purposes of paragraph (3)—

(a) the parties to an act or a deliberate failure include those persons who knowingly assist in the act or failure, and

(b) “the relevant period” means the period which—

(i) begins with the time when the act falling within paragraph (5) occurs or the failure to act falling within that paragraph first occurs, and

(ii) ends with the giving of a warning notice in respect of the contribution notice in question.

(7) The matters within this paragraph are—

(a) the degree of involvement of the person in the act or failure to act which falls within paragraph (5),

(b) the relationship which the person has or has had with the employer (including, where the employer is a company within the meaning of paragraph (11) of Article 4 of the Insolvency Order, whether the person has or has had control of the employer within the meaning of paragraph (10) of that Article),

(c) any connection or involvement which the person has or has had with the scheme,

(d) if the act or failure to act was a notifiable event for the purposes of Article 64 (duty to notify the Regulator of certain events), any failure by the person to comply with any obligation imposed on the person by paragraph (1) of that Article to give the Regulator notice of the event,

(e) all the purposes of the act or failure to act (including whether a purpose of the act or failure was to prevent or limit loss of employment),

(ea) the value of any benefits which directly or indirectly the person receives, or is entitled to receive, from the employer or under the scheme;

(eb) the likelihood of relevant creditors being paid and the extent to which they are likely to be paid;

(ec) the effect of the act or failure to act on the value of the assets or liabilities of the scheme or any relevant transferee scheme,

(f) the financial circumstances of the person, and

(g) such other matters as may be prescribed.

(7A) In paragraph (7)(eb) “ relevant creditors ” means—

(a) creditors of the employer, and

(b) creditors of any other person who has incurred a liability or other obligation (including one that is contingent or otherwise might fall due) to make a payment, or transfer an asset, to the scheme.

(7B) In paragraph (7)(ec) “relevant transferee scheme” and the reference to the assets or liabilities of any relevant transferee scheme have the same meaning as in Article 34A.

(8) For the purposes of this Article references to a debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order include a contingent debt under that Article.

(9) Accordingly, in the case of such a contingent debt, the reference in paragraph (5)(a)(ii) to preventing a debt becoming due is to be read as including a reference to preventing the occurrence of any of the events specified in Article 75(4C)(a) or (b) of that Order upon which the debt is contingent.

(10) For the purposes of this Article—

(a) Article 7 of the Insolvency Order (connected persons) applies as it applies for the purposes of any provision of Parts II to VII of that Order, and

(b) Article 4 of that Order (associated persons) applies as it applies for the purposes of that Order.

(11) For the purposes of this Article “insolvency practitioner”, in relation to a person, means—

(a) a person acting as an insolvency practitioner, in relation to that person, in accordance with Article 3 of the Insolvency Order, or

(b) an insolvency practitioner within the meaning of Article 105(9)(b) (persons of a prescribed description).

(12) Paragraph (13) applies if the Regulator is of the opinion that—

(a) a person was a party to a series of acts or failures to act,

(b) each of the acts or failures in the series falls within paragraph (5)(b) and (c), and

(c) the material detriment test , the employer insolvency test or the employer resources test is met in relation to the series, or the main purpose or one of the main purposes of the series was as mentioned in paragraph (5)(a)(i) or (ii).

(13) The series of acts or failures to act is to be regarded as an act or failure to act falling within paragraph (5) (and, accordingly, the reference in paragraph (6)(b)(i) to the act or failure to act falling with paragraph (5) is to the first of the acts or failures to act in the series).

(14) In this Article “ a warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a).

Section 34A Article 34 contribution notice: meaning of “material detriment test”

(1) For the purposes of Article 34 the material detriment test is met in relation to an act or failure if the Regulator is of the opinion that the act or failure has detrimentally affected in a material way the likelihood of accrued scheme benefits being received (whether the benefits are to be received as benefits under the scheme or otherwise).

(2) In this Article any reference to accrued scheme benefits being received is a reference to benefits the rights to which have accrued by the relevant time being received by, or in respect of, the persons who were members of the scheme before that time.

(3) In this Article “ the relevant time ” means—

(a) in the case of an act, the time of the act, or

(b) in the case of a failure—

(i) the time when the failure occurred, or

(ii) where the failure continued for a period of time, the time which the Regulator determines and which falls within that period;

and, in the case of acts or failures to act forming part of a series, any reference in this paragraph to an act or failure is a reference to the last of the acts or failures in that series.

(4) In deciding for the purposes of Article 34 whether the material detriment test is met in relation to an act or failure, the Regulator must have regard to such matters as it considers relevant, including (where relevant)—

(a) the value of the assets or liabilities of the scheme or of any relevant transferee scheme,

(b) the effect of the act or failure on the value of those assets or liabilities,

(c) the scheme obligations of any person,

(d) the effect of the act or failure on any of those obligations (including whether the act or failure causes the country or territory in which any of those obligations would fall to be enforced to be different),

(e) the extent to which any person is likely to be able to discharge any scheme obligation in any circumstances (including in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy),

(f) the extent to which the act or failure has affected, or might affect, the extent to which any person is likely to be able to do as mentioned in sub-paragraph (e), and

(g) such other matters as may be prescribed.

(5) In paragraph (4) “ scheme obligation ” means a liability or other obligation (including one that is contingent or otherwise might fall due) to make a payment, or transfer an asset, to—

(a) the scheme, or

(b) any relevant transferee scheme in respect of any persons who were members of the scheme before the relevant time.

(6) In this Article—

(a) “ relevant transferee scheme ” means any work-based pension scheme to which any accrued rights to benefits under the scheme are transferred;

(b) any reference to the assets or liabilities of any relevant transferee scheme is a reference to those assets or liabilities so far as relating to persons who were members of the scheme before the relevant time.

(7) For the purposes of paragraph (6)(a) the reference to the transfer of accrued rights of members of a pension scheme to another pension scheme includes a reference to the extinguishing of those accrued rights in consequence of the obligation to make a payment, or transfer an asset, to that other scheme.

(8) In this Article—

(a) “ work-based pension scheme ” has the meaning given by Article 4(3);

(b) any reference to rights which have accrued is to be read in accordance with Article 67A(6) and (7) of the 1995 Order (reading any reference in those paragraphs to a subsisting right as a reference to a right which has accrued).

(9) In deciding for the purposes of this Article whether an act or failure has detrimentally affected in a material way the likelihood of accrued scheme benefits being received, the following statutory provisions are to be disregarded—

(a) Chapter 3 of Part 3 (the Board of the Pension Protection Fund: pension protection), and

(b) section 286 of the Pensions Act 2004 (the financial assistance scheme for members of certain pension schemes).

(10) Regulations may amend any provision of paragraphs (4) to (8).

Section 34B Article 34 contribution notice issued by reference to material detriment test: defence

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) a warning notice is given to any person (“P”) in respect of a contribution notice under Article 34, and

(b) the contribution notice under consideration would be issued wholly or partly by reference to the Regulator's opinion that the material detriment test is met in relation to an act or deliberate failure to act to which P was a party.

(2) If the Regulator is satisfied that P has shown that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and

(b) where applicable, condition B is met,

the Regulator must not issue the contribution notice by reference to its being of the opinion mentioned in paragraph (1)(b).

(3) Condition A is that, before becoming a party to the act or failure, P gave due consideration to the extent to which the act or failure might detrimentally affect in a material way the likelihood of accrued scheme benefits being received.

(4) Condition B is that, in any case where as a result of that consideration P considered that the act or failure might have such an effect, P took all reasonable steps to eliminate or minimise the potential detrimental effects that the act or failure might have on the likelihood of accrued scheme benefits being received.

(5) Condition C is that, having regard to all relevant circumstances prevailing at the relevant time, it was reasonable for P to conclude that the act or failure would not detrimentally affect in a material way the likelihood of accrued scheme benefits being received.

(6) P is to be regarded as giving the consideration mentioned in condition A only if P has made the enquiries, and done the other acts, that a reasonably diligent person would have made or done in the circumstances.

(7) For the purposes of condition C—

(a) “ the relevant time ” means the time at which the act occurred or the failure to act first occurred;

(b) the reference to the circumstances mentioned in that condition is a reference to those circumstances of which P was aware, or ought reasonably to have been aware, at that time (including acts or failures to act which have occurred before that time and P's expectation at that time of other acts or failures to act occurring).

(8) In the case of acts or failures to act forming part of a series, P is to be regarded as having shown the matters mentioned in paragraph (2) if P shows in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and (where applicable) condition B is met, in relation to the act or failure, or

(b) the act or failure was one of a number of acts or failures (a “group” of acts or failures) selected by P in relation to which the following matters are shown.

(9) The matters to be shown are that—

(a) before becoming a party to the first of the acts or failures in the group, condition A is met in relation to the effect of the acts or failures in the group taken together,

(b) condition B is (where applicable) met in relation to that effect, and

(c) condition C is then met in relation to each of the acts or failures in the group (determined at the time at which each act or failure concerned occurred or first occurred).

(10) If at any time P considers that condition C will not be met in relation to any particular act or failure in the group—

(a) the previous acts or failures in the group are to be regarded as a separate group for the purposes of paragraph (8), and

(b) P may then select another group consisting of the particular act or failure concerned, and any subsequent act or failure, in relation to which P shows the matters mentioned in paragraph (9).

Nothing in sub-paragraph (b) is to be read as preventing P from showing the matters mentioned in paragraph (8)(a).

(11) If—

(a) P is unable to show in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that the matters set out in paragraph (8)(a) or (b) are met, but

(b) does show in the case of some of them that those matters are met,

the acts or failures within sub-paragraph (b) are not to count for the purposes of Article 34A as acts or failures to act in the series.

(12) In this Article—

(a) “ a warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a);

(b) a reference to party to an act or failure to act includes a reference to a person who knowingly assists in the act or failure;

(c) any reference to the accrued scheme benefits being received has the same meaning as in Article 34A;

and paragraph (9) of Article 34A applies for the purposes of conditions A to C as it applies for the purposes of that Article.

(13) Regulations may amend this Article.

Section 34C Article 34 contribution notice: meaning of “employer insolvency test”

(1) For the purposes of Article 34 the employer insolvency test is met in relation to an act or failure to act if the Regulator is of the opinion that—

(a) immediately after the relevant time, the value of the assets of the scheme was less than the amount of the liabilities of the scheme, and

(b) if a debt under Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in scheme assets: employer insolvency etc) had fallen due from the employer to the scheme immediately after the relevant time, the act or failure would have materially reduced the amount of the debt likely to be recovered by the scheme.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)—

(a) the value of the assets of the scheme immediately after the relevant time is the value which the Regulator estimates to be their value,

(b) the amount of the liabilities of the scheme immediately after the relevant time is the amount which the Regulator estimates to be the amount of those liabilities, and

(c) the amount of the debt is the amount which the Regulator estimates to be the amount of the debt under Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order that would have fallen due immediately after the relevant time.

(3) When estimating the value and the amounts referred to in paragraph (2), the Regulator must take into account how assets and liabilities, and their value or amount, are determined and calculated for the purposes of Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order.

(4) When estimating—

(a) the value of the assets of the scheme immediately after the relevant time, and

(b) the amount of the debt under Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order falling due immediately after the relevant time,

the Regulator must disregard the amount of any debt due immediately after the relevant time from the employer under Article 75 of the 1995 Order.

(5) In this Article “ the relevant time ” means—

(a) in the case of an act, the time of the act, or

(b) in the case of a failure to act—

(i) the time when the failure occurred, or

(ii) where the failure continued for a period of time, the time which the Regulator determines and which falls within that period;

and, in the case of acts or failures to act forming part of a series, any reference in this paragraph to an act or failure to act is a reference to the last of the acts or failures in that series.

Section 34D Article 34 contribution notice issued by reference to employer insolvency test: defence

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) a warning notice is given to any person (“P”) in respect of a contribution notice under Article 34, and

(b) the contribution notice under consideration would be issued wholly or partly by reference to the Regulator's opinion that the employer insolvency test is met in relation to an act or deliberate failure to act to which P was a party.

(2) If the Regulator is satisfied that P has shown that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and

(b) where applicable, condition B is met,

the Regulator must not issue the contribution notice by reference to its being of the opinion mentioned in paragraph (1)(b).

(3) If the Regulator is satisfied that P or another person has shown that condition D is met, the Regulator must not issue the contribution notice by reference to its being of the opinion mentioned in paragraph (1)(b).

(4) Condition A is that, before becoming a party to the act or failure, P gave due consideration to the extent to which, if a debt under Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order were to fall due from the employer to the scheme—

(a) immediately after the act or failure, or

(b) where the failure might continue for a period of time, at any time within that period,

the act or failure might materially reduce the amount of the debt likely to be recovered by the scheme.

(5) Condition B is that, in any case where as a result of that consideration P considered that the act or failure might have such an effect, P took all reasonable steps to eliminate or minimise the potential for the act or failure to have such an effect.

(6) Condition C is that, having regard to all relevant circumstances prevailing at the time of the act or at the time when the failure to act first occurred, it was reasonable for P to conclude that, if a debt under Article 75(4) of the 1995 Order were to fall due from the employer to the scheme—

(a) immediately after the act or failure, or

(b) where the failure might continue for a period of time, at any time within that period,

the act or failure would not materially reduce the amount of the debt likely to be recovered by the scheme.

(7) Condition D is that, immediately after the relevant time, the value of the assets of the scheme equalled or was more than the amount at that time of the liabilities of the scheme.

(8) P is to be regarded as giving the consideration mentioned in condition A only if P has made the enquiries, and done the other acts, that a reasonably diligent person would have made or done in the circumstances.

(9) For the purposes of condition C the reference to the circumstances mentioned in that condition is a reference to those circumstances of which P was aware, or ought reasonably to have been aware, at the time of the act or the time when the failure to act first occurred (including acts or failures to act which have occurred before that time and P's expectation at that time of other acts or failures to act occurring).

(10) For the purposes of conditions A, C and D the amount of any debt due at the time in question from the employer under Article 75 of the 1995 Order is to be disregarded.

(11) In the case of acts or failures to act forming part of a series, P is to be regarded as having shown the matters mentioned in paragraph (2) if P shows in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and (where applicable) condition B is met, in relation to the act or failure, or

(b) the act or failure was one of a number of acts or failures (a “group” of acts or failures) selected by P in relation to which the following matters are shown.

(12) The matters to be shown are that—

(a) before becoming a party to the first of the acts or failures in the group, condition A is met in relation to the effect of the acts or failures in the group taken together,

(b) condition B is (where applicable) met in relation to that effect, and

(c) condition C is then met in relation to each of the acts or failures in the group (determined at the time at which each act or failure concerned occurred or first occurred).

(13) If at any time P considers that condition C will not be met in relation to any particular act or failure in the group—

(a) the previous acts or failures in the group are to be regarded as a separate group for the purposes of paragraph (11), and

(b) P may then select another group consisting of the particular act or failure concerned, and any subsequent act or failure, in relation to which P shows the matters mentioned in paragraph (12).

Nothing in sub-paragraph (b) is to be read as preventing P from showing the matters mentioned in paragraph (11)(a).

(14) If—

(a) P is unable to show in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that the matters set out in paragraph (11)(a) or (b) are met, but

(b) does show in the case of some of them that those matters are met,

the acts or failures within sub-paragraph (b) are not to count for the purposes of Article 34C as acts or failures to act in the series.

(15) In this Article—

(a) “ the relevant time ” has the meaning given by Article 34C;

(b) “ a warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a);

(c) a reference to a party to an act or failure to act includes a reference to a person who knowingly assists in the act or failure.

Section 34E Article 34 contribution notice: meaning of “employer resources test”

(1) For the purposes of Article 34 the employer resources test is met in relation to an act or failure to act if the Regulator is of the opinion that—

(a) the act or failure reduced the value of the resources of the employer, and

(b) that reduction was a material reduction relative to the estimated Article 75 debt in relation to the scheme.

(2) For the purposes of this Article—

(a) what constitutes the resources of the employer is to be determined in accordance with regulations;

(b) the value of the resources of the employer is to be determined, calculated and verified in a prescribed manner.

(3) In this Article the “ estimated Article 75 debt ” means the amount which the Regulator estimates to be the amount of the debt which would become due from the employer to the trustees or managers of the scheme under Article 75 of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets) if—

(a) Article 75(2) applied, and

(b) the time designated by the trustees or managers of the scheme for the purposes of Article 75(2) were the relevant time.

(4) When calculating the estimated Article 75 debt under paragraph (3), the amount of any debt due at the relevant time from the employer under Article 75 of the 1995 Order is to be disregarded.

(5) In this Article “ the relevant time ” means—

(a) in a case where the act or failure to act forms part of a series of acts or failures to act, the time immediately before the first of the acts occurred or the first of the failures to act first occurred;

(b) in any other case, the time immediately before the act occurred or the failure to act first occurred.

Section 34F Article 34 contribution notice issued by reference to employer resources test: defence

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) a warning notice is given to any person (“P”) in respect of a contribution notice under Article 34, and

(b) the contribution notice under consideration would be issued wholly or partly by reference to the Regulator's opinion that the employer resources test is met in relation to an act or deliberate failure to act to which P was a party.

(2) If the Regulator is satisfied that P has shown that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and

(b) where applicable, condition B is met,

the Regulator must not issue the contribution notice by reference to its being of the opinion mentioned in paragraph (1)(b).

(3) Condition A is that, before becoming a party to the act or failure, P gave due consideration to the extent to which the act or failure might reduce the value of the resources of the employer relative to the estimated Article 75 debt in relation to the scheme.

(4) Condition B is that, in any case where as a result of that consideration P considered that the act or failure might have such an effect, P took all reasonable steps to eliminate or minimise the potential for the act or failure to have such an effect.

(5) Condition C is that, having regard to all relevant circumstances prevailing at the time of the act or at the time when the failure to act first occurred, it was reasonable for P to conclude that the act or failure would not bring about a reduction in the value of the resources of the employer that would be a material reduction relative to the estimated Article 75 debt in relation to the scheme.

(6) P is to be regarded as giving the consideration mentioned in condition A only if P has made the enquiries, and done the other acts, that a reasonably diligent person would have made or done in the circumstances.

(7) For the purposes of condition C the reference to the circumstances mentioned in that condition is a reference to those circumstances of which P was aware, or ought reasonably to have been aware, at the time of the act or the time when the failure to act first occurred (including acts or failures to act which have occurred before that time and P's expectation at that time of other acts or failures to act occurring).

(8) For the purposes of conditions A and C—

(a) the “ estimated Article 75 debt ” means the amount which is a reasonable estimate of the amount of the debt which would become due from the employer to the trustees or managers of the scheme under Article 75 of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets) if—

(i) Article 75(2) applied, and

(ii) the time designated by the trustees or managers of the scheme for the purposes of Article 75(2) were the time immediately before the act occurred or the failure to act first occurred;

(b) the amount of any debt due at the time in question from the employer under Article 75 of the 1995 Order is to be disregarded.

(9) In the case of acts or failures to act forming part of a series, P is to be regarded as having shown the matters mentioned in paragraph (2) if P shows in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that—

(a) conditions A and C are met, and (where applicable) condition B is met, in relation to the act or failure, or

(b) the act or failure was one of a number of acts or failures (a “group” of acts or failures) selected by P in relation to which the following matters are shown.

(10) The matters to be shown are that—

(a) before becoming a party to the first of the acts or failures in the group, condition A is met in relation to the effect of the acts or failures in the group taken together,

(b) condition B is (where applicable) met in relation to that effect, and

(c) condition C is then met in relation to each of the acts or failures in the group (determined at the time at which each act or failure concerned occurred or first occurred).

(11) If at any time P considers that condition C will not be met in relation to any particular act or failure in the group—

(a) the previous acts or failures in the group are to be regarded as a separate group for the purposes of paragraph (9), and

(b) P may then select another group consisting of the particular act or failure concerned, and any subsequent act or failure, in relation to which P shows the matters mentioned in paragraph (10).

Nothing in sub-paragraph (b) is to be read as preventing P from showing the matters mentioned in paragraph (9)(a).

(12) If—

(a) P is unable to show in the case of each of the acts or failures in the series that the matters set out in paragraph (9)(a) or (b) are met, but

(b) does show in the case of some of them that those matters are met,

the acts or failures within sub-paragraph (b) are not to count for the purposes of Article 34E as acts or failures to act in the series.

(13) In this Article—

(a) Article 34E(2) (the resources of the employer and their value) has effect for the purpose of this Article as it has effect for the purposes of Article 34E;

(b) “ a warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a);

(c) a reference to a party to an act or failure to act includes a reference to a person who knowingly assists in the act or failure.

Section 35 The sum specified in an Article 34 contribution notice

(1) The sum specified by the Regulator in a contribution notice under Article 34 may be either the whole or a specified part of the shortfall sum in relation to the scheme.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the shortfall sum in relation to a scheme is—

(a) in a case where, at the relevant time, a debt was due from the employer to the trustees or managers of the scheme under Article 75 of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets), the amount which the Regulator estimates to be the amount of that debt at that time, and

(b) in a case where, at the relevant time, no such debt was due, the amount which the Regulator estimates to be the amount of the debt under Article 75 of the 1995 Order which would become due if—

(i) paragraph (2) of that Article applied, and

(ii) the time designated by the trustees or managers of the scheme for the purposes of that paragraph were the relevant time.

(3) Where the Regulator is satisfied that the act or failure to act falling within Article 34(5) resulted—

(a) in a case falling within sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph (2), in the amount of the debt which became due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order being less than it would otherwise have been, or

(b) in a case falling within sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (2), in the amount of any such debt calculated for the purposes of that sub-paragraph being less than it would otherwise have been,

the Regulator may increase the amounts calculated under paragraph (2)(a) or (b) by such amount as the Regulator considers appropriate.

(4) For the purposes of this Article “ the relevant time ” means the end of the scheme year which ended most recently before the day on which the Regulator gives a determination notice under Article 91(2)(d) in respect of an intended contribution notice under Article 34.

(4A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) For the purposes of this Article—

(a) references to a debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order include a contingent debt under that Article, and

(b) references to the amount of such a debt include the amount of such a contingent debt.

Section 35A Article 34 contribution notice: transfer of members of the scheme

(1) This Article applies where—

(a) the Regulator is of the opinion that in relation to a scheme (“ the initial scheme ”) in relation to which Article 34 applies—

(i) an act or failure to act falling within paragraph (5) of that Article has occurred (or first occurred) at any time, and

(ii) the other conditions in that Article for issuing a contribution notice are met in relation to the initial scheme (or, but for any transfer falling within sub-paragraph (b), would be met), and

(b) the accrued rights of at least two persons who were members of the initial scheme are transferred at that or any subsequent time to one or more work-based pension schemes (whether by virtue of the act or otherwise).

(2) The Regulator may issue a contribution notice under Article 34 in relation to any transferee scheme (and, accordingly, any reference in Article 36 or 37 to the scheme is to the transferee scheme).

(3) In the case of any contribution notice issued by virtue of paragraph (2) to any transferee scheme which is not within paragraph (5)(a) or (b), Article 35 has effect as if any reference in that Article to the scheme were a reference to whichever of—

(a) the initial scheme, and

(b) the transferee scheme,

the Regulator determines to be more appropriate in the circumstances.

(4) In any case where Article 35 has effect in relation to the transferee scheme by virtue of paragraph (3), any reference in that Article to a debt under Article 75 of the 1995 Order is a reference to so much of that debt as, in the Regulator's opinion, is attributable to those members of the transferee scheme who were members of the initial scheme.

(5) In the case of any contribution notice issued by virtue of paragraph (2) to any transferee scheme which is—

(a) a scheme to which Article 75 of the 1995 Order does not apply, or

(b) a scheme to which that Article does apply in a case where the liabilities of the scheme that would be taken into account for the purposes of that Article do not relate to the members of the initial scheme,

the sum specified by the Regulator in the notice is determined in accordance with regulations (and not in accordance with Article 35).

(6) The Regulator may also issue a direction to the trustees or managers of any transferee scheme requiring them to take specified steps to secure that the sum payable under the notice is applied for the benefit of the members of the transferee scheme who were members of the initial scheme.

(7) If the trustees or managers fail to comply with a direction issued to them under paragraph (6), Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

Section 35B Article 35A: supplemental

(1) In Article 35A a “ transferee scheme ”, in relation to any time, means any work-based pension scheme—

(a) to which the accrued rights of at least two persons who were members of the initial scheme have been transferred, and

(b) of which any of those persons are members at that time.

(2) For the purposes of Article 35A(1) and paragraph (1) it does not matter whether any rights are transferred to a work-based pension scheme directly from the initial scheme or following one or more other transfers to other work-based pension schemes.

(3) For the purposes of Article 35A and this Article references to the transfer of accrued rights of members of a pension scheme to another pension scheme include references to the extinguishing of those accrued rights in consequence of the obligation to make a payment, or transfer an asset, to that other scheme.

(4) In Article 35A and this Article—

(a) “ work-based pension scheme ” has the meaning given by Article 4(3);

(b) any reference to rights which have accrued is to be read in accordance with Article 67A(6) and (7) of the 1995 Order (reading any reference in those paragraphs to a subsisting right as a reference to a right which has accrued).

(5) Article 35A applies even if the initial scheme—

(a) is wound up as a result of any transfer falling within paragraph (1)(b) of that Article, or

(b) otherwise ceases to exist at the time of the transfer or at any subsequent time.

(6) Accordingly, in any such case, in paragraph (1) of that Article—

(a) the reference to a scheme to which Article 34 applies is a reference to a scheme which was such a scheme before the transfer;

(b) the reference to any conditions in Article 34 being met is a reference to any conditions in that Article that, but for the transfer, would have been met in relation to the scheme.

(7) Nothing in Article 35A or this Article is to be read as preventing the Regulator from issuing a contribution notice in relation to the initial scheme.

(8) Regulations may make provision applying, with or without modifications, any provision made by or under Article 35A or this Article in relation to any scheme or other arrangement in any case where the accrued rights of persons who were members of the initial scheme are transferred or extinguished directly or indirectly in consequence of or otherwise in connection with—

(a) the making of any payment at any time to or for the benefit of the scheme or other arrangement,

(b) the transfer of any asset at any time to or for the benefit of the scheme or other arrangement,

(c) the discharge (wholly or partly) at any time of any liability incurred by or on behalf of the scheme or other arrangement, or

(d) the incurring at any time of any obligation to do any act falling within sub-paragraphs (a) to (c).

(9) Any reference in paragraph (8)(a) to (d) to the doing of an act of any description at any time in relation to the scheme or other arrangement includes a reference to the doing of an act of that description at any previous time in relation to any other scheme or other arrangement.

(10) Regulations under paragraph (8) may—

(a) make provision having effect in relation to any case where rights are transferred or extinguished on or after the date on which the Department publishes a statement of the intention to make the regulations; and

(b) without prejudice to Article 287(3), make consequential provision applying with modifications any provision of this Order which relates to contribution notices under Article 34.

Section 36 Content and effect of an Article 34 contribution notice

(1) This Article applies where a contribution notice is issued to a person under Article 34.

(2) The contribution notice must—

(a) contain a statement of the matters which it is asserted constitute the act or failure to act which falls within paragraph (5) of Article 34,

(b) specify the sum which the person is stated to be under a liability to pay, and

(c) identify any other persons to whom contribution notices have been or are issued as a result of the act or failure to act in question and the sums specified in each of those notices.

(2A) Without prejudice to paragraphs (3) and (7), the contribution notice must also specify a date for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2) (sanctions for failure to comply with a contribution notice).

(3) Where the contribution notice states that the person is under a liability to pay the sum specified in the notice to the trustees or managers of the scheme, the sum is to be treated as a debt due from the person to the trustees or managers of the scheme.

(4) In such a case, the Regulator may, on behalf of the trustees or managers of the scheme, exercise such powers as the trustees or managers have to recover the debt.

(5) But during any assessment period (within the meaning of Article 116) in relation to the scheme, the rights and powers of the trustees or managers of the scheme in relation to any debt due to them by virtue of a contribution notice are exercisable by the Board to the exclusion of the trustees or managers and the Regulator.

(6) Where, by virtue of paragraph (5), any amount is paid to the Board in respect of a debt due by virtue of a contribution notice, the Board must pay the amount to the trustees or managers of the scheme.

(7) Where the contribution notice states that the person is under a liability to pay the sum specified in the notice to the Board, the sum is to be treated as a debt due from the person to the Board.

(8) Where the contribution notice so specifies, the person to whom the notice is issued ( “P”) is to be treated as jointly and severally liable for the debt with any persons specified in the notice who are persons to whom corresponding contribution notices are issued.

(9) For the purposes of paragraph (8), a corresponding contribution notice is a notice which—

(a) is issued as a result of the same act or failure to act falling within paragraph (5) of Article 34 as the act or failure as a result of which P's contribution notice is issued,

(b) specifies the same sum as is specified in P's contribution notice,

(ba) specifies the same date for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2) as is specified in P's contribution notice, and

(c) specifies that the person to whom the contribution notice is issued is jointly and severally liable with P, or with P and other persons, for the debt in respect of that sum.

(10) A debt due by virtue of a contribution notice is not to be taken into account for the purposes of Article 75(2) and (4) of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets) when ascertaining the amount or value of the assets or liabilities of a scheme.

Section 37 Article 34 contribution notice: relationship with employer debt

(1) This Article applies where a contribution notice is issued to a person ( “P”) under Article 34 and condition A or B is met.

(2) Condition A is met if, at the time at which the contribution notice is issued, there is a debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order (deficiencies in the scheme assets) from the employer—

(a) to the trustees or managers of the scheme, or

(b) where the Board has assumed responsibility for the scheme in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part III (pension protection), to the Board.

(3) Condition B is met if, after the contribution notice is issued but before the whole of the debt due by virtue of the notice is recovered, a debt becomes due from the employer to the trustees or managers of the scheme under Article 75 of the 1995 Order.

(4) The Regulator may issue a direction to the trustees or managers of the scheme not to take any or any further steps to recover the debt due to them under Article 75 of the 1995 Order pending the recovery of all or a specified part of the debt due to them by virtue of the contribution notice.

(5) If the trustees or managers fail to comply with a direction issued to them under paragraph (4), Article 10 of the 1995 Order (civil penalties) applies to any trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.

(6) Any sums paid—

(a) to the trustees or managers of the scheme in respect of any debt due to them by virtue of the contribution notice, or

(b) to the Board in respect of any debt due to it by virtue of the contribution notice,

are to be treated as reducing the amount of the debt due to the trustees or managers or, as the case may be, to the Board under Article 75 of the 1995 Order.

(7) Where a sum is paid to the trustees or managers of the scheme or, as the case may be, to the Board in respect of the debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order, P may make an application under this paragraph to the Regulator for a reduction in the amount of the sum specified in P's contribution notice.

(8) An application under paragraph (7) must be made as soon as reasonably practicable after the sum is paid to the trustees or managers or, as the case may be, to the Board in respect of the debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order.

(8A) An application under paragraph (7) may not be made after—

(a) the date specified under Article 36(2A) for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2) (sanctions for failure to comply with a contribution notice), or

(b) if a different date has effect instead of that date (see paragraphs (10A) and (11B)), that different date.

(9) Where such an application is made to the Regulator, the Regulator may, if it is of the opinion that it is appropriate to do so—

(a) reduce the amount of the sum specified in P's contribution notice by an amount which it considers reasonable, and

(b) issue a revised contribution notice specifying the revised sum.

(10) For the purposes of paragraph (9), the Regulator must have regard to such matters as the Regulator considers relevant including, where relevant, the following matters—

(a) the amount paid in respect of the debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order since the contribution notice was issued,

(b) any amounts paid in respect of the debt due by virtue of that contribution notice,

(c) whether contribution notices have been issued to other persons as a result of the same act or failure to act falling within paragraph (5) of Article 34 as the act or failure as a result of which P's contribution notice was issued,

(d) where such contribution notices have been issued, the sums specified in each of those notices and any amounts paid in respect of the debt due by virtue of those notices,

(e) whether P's contribution notice specifies that P is jointly and severally liable for the debt with other persons, and

(f) such other matters as may be prescribed.

(10A) Where an application under paragraph (7) is made to the Regulator, the Regulator may, if it is of the opinion that it is appropriate to do so—

(a) change the date that has effect for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2) (whether specified in the contribution notice or an earlier revised contribution notice), and

(b) specify the revised date in the revised contribution notice issued under paragraph (9)(b) or, if the Regulator does not issue a revised contribution notice under paragraph (9)(b), issue a revised contribution notice specifying the revised date.

(11) Where—

(a) P's contribution notice specifies that P is jointly and severally liable for the debt with other persons, and

(b) a revised contribution notice is issued to P under paragraph (9) specifying a revised sum,

the Regulator must also issue revised contribution notices to those other persons specifying the revised sum and their joint and several liability with P for the debt in respect of that sum.

(11A) Paragraph (11B) applies where—

(a) P's contribution notice specifies that P is jointly and severally liable for the debt with other persons, and

(b) the Regulator issues a revised contribution notice to P under paragraph (9)(b) or (10A)(b) specifying a revised date for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2).

(11B) Where this paragraph applies, the Regulator must—

(a) change the date that has effect for the purposes of Articles 38A(2) and 38B(2) in the case of the contribution notices or revised contribution notices issued in respect of the debt to those other persons, and

(b) specify the revised date in the revised contribution notices issued to those other persons under paragraph (11) or, if the Regulator does not issue revised contribution notices under paragraph (11), issue revised contribution notices to those other persons specifying the revised date.

(12) For the purposes of this Article—

(a) references to a debt due under Article 75 of the 1995 Order include a contingent debt under that Article, and

(b) references to the amount of such a debt include the amount of such a contingent debt.

Section 38 Article 34 contribution notice: clearance statements

(1) An application may be made to the Regulator under this Article for the issue of a clearance statement within sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph (2) in relation to circumstances described in the application.

(2) A clearance statement is a statement, made by the Regulator, that in its opinion in the circumstances described in the application—

(a) the applicant would not be, for the purposes of paragraph (3)(a) of Article 34, a party to an act or a deliberate failure to act falling within paragraph (5)(a) of that Article,

(b) it would not be reasonable to impose any liability on the applicant under a contribution notice issued under Article 34, or

(c) such requirements of that Article as may be prescribed would not be satisfied in relation to the applicant.

(3) Where an application is made under this Article, the Regulator—

(a) may request further information from the applicant;

(b) may invite the applicant to amend the application to modify the circumstances described.

(4) Where an application is made under this Article, the Regulator must as soon as reasonably practicable—

(a) determine whether to issue the clearance statement, and

(b) where it determines to do so, issue the statement.

(5) A clearance statement issued under this Article binds the Regulator in relation to the exercise of the power to issue a contribution notice under Article 34 to the applicant unless—

(a) the circumstances in relation to which the exercise of the power under that Article arises are not the same as the circumstances described in the application, and

(b) the difference in those circumstances is material to the exercise of the power.

Section 38A

(1) This Article applies where a contribution notice is issued to a person under Article 34.

(2) If the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to pay the debt due by virtue of the contribution notice to—

(a) the trustees or managers of the scheme, or

(b) the Board (as the case may be),

before the date specified in the contribution notice for the purposes of this paragraph (see Article 36(2A)), the person is guilty of an offence.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (2) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(4) Proceedings for an offence under paragraph (2) may not be instituted if an application under Article 37(7) has been made—

(a) in relation to the contribution notice, or

(b) in relation to a contribution notice which is a corresponding contribution notice for the purposes of Article 36(8),

and the application has not been determined, withdrawn or abandoned.

(5) Proceedings for an offence under paragraph (2) may be instituted only—

(a) by the Regulator or the Department, or

(b) by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

Section 38B

(1) This Article applies where a contribution notice is issued to a person under Article 34.

(2) Article 83A (financial penalties) applies to the person if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to pay the debt due by virtue of the contribution notice to—

(a) the trustees or managers of the scheme, or

(b) the Board (as the case may be),

before the date specified in the contribution notice for the purposes of this paragraph (see Article 36(2A)).

(3) The Regulator may not issue a warning notice to the person in respect of the imposition of a penalty under Article 83A as it applies by virtue of paragraph (2) if an application under Article 37(7) has been made—

(a) in relation to the contribution notice, or

(b) in relation to a contribution notice which is a corresponding contribution notice for the purposes of Article 36(8),

and the application has not been determined, withdrawn or abandoned.

(4) In this Article “ warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a).

Section 39 Financial support directions

(1) This Article applies in relation to an occupational pension scheme other than—

(a) a money purchase scheme, or

(b) a prescribed scheme or a scheme of a prescribed description.

(2) The Regulator may issue a financial support direction under this Article in relation to such a scheme if the Regulator is of the opinion that the employer in relation to the scheme—

(a) is a service company, or

(b) is insufficiently resourced,

at a time determined by the Regulator which falls within paragraph (9) ( “the relevant time”).

(3) A financial support direction in relation to a scheme is a direction which requires the person or persons to whom it is issued to secure—

(a) that financial support for the scheme is put in place within the period specified in the direction,

(b) that thereafter that financial support or other financial support remains in place while the scheme is in existence, and

(c) that the Regulator is notified in writing of prescribed events in respect of the financial support as soon as reasonably practicable after the event occurs.

(4) A financial support direction in relation to a scheme may be issued to one or more persons.

(5) But the Regulator may issue such a direction to a person only if—

(a) the person is at the relevant time a person falling within paragraph (6), and

(b) the Regulator is of the opinion that it is reasonable to impose the requirements of the direction on that person.

(6) A person falls within this paragraph if the person is—

(a) the employer in relation to the scheme,

(b) an individual who—

(i) is an associate of an individual who is the employer, but

(ii) is not an associate of that individual by reason only of being employed by him, or

(c) a person, other than an individual, who is connected with or an associate of the employer.

(7) The Regulator, when deciding for the purposes of paragraph (5)(b) whether it is reasonable to impose the requirements of a financial support direction on a particular person, must have regard to such matters as the Regulator considers relevant including, where relevant, the following matters—

(a) the relationship which the person has or has had with the employer (including, where the employer is a company within the meaning of paragraph (11) of Article 4 of the Insolvency Order, whether the person has or has had control of the employer within the meaning of paragraph (10) of that Article),

(b) in the case of a person falling within paragraph (6)(b) or (c), the value of any benefits received directly or indirectly by that person from the employer,

(c) any connection or involvement which the person has or has had with the scheme,

(d) the financial circumstances of the person, and

(e) such other matters as may be prescribed.

(8) A financial support direction must identify all the persons to whom the direction is issued.

(9) A time falls within this paragraph if it is a time which falls within a prescribed period which ends with the giving of a warning notice in respect of the financial support direction in question.

(10) For the purposes of paragraph (3), a scheme is in existence until it is wound up.

(11) Subject to Article 283 (protected items), no duty to which a person is subject is to be regarded as contravened merely because of any information or opinion contained in a notice given by virtue of paragraph (3)(c).

(12) In this Article “ a warning notice ” means a notice given as mentioned in Article 91(2)(a).