The Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Rules 1975

• Citation: S.I. 1975/330
• Sections: 331

Section 1 Citation, application, commencement, interpretation and amendment

(1) These Rules may be cited as the Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Rules 1975.

(2) These Rules apply to every mechanically propelled sea-going fishing vessel registered in the United Kingdom under Part I or entered in the fishing boat register under Part IV of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894.

(3) Parts I, III, and IV of these Rules shall come into operation on 1st May 1975.

(4) All remaining Parts of these Rules shall come into operation—

(a) in respect of fishing vessels to which these Rules apply other than fishing vessels described in sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Rule—

(i) if the keel of the vessel was laid before 1st January 1947—

on 1st October 1975 for vessels of 21 metres in length and over;

on 1st April 1976 for vessels of 18 metres in length and over but less than 21 metres in length;

on 1st October 1976 for vessels of 15 metres in length and over but less than 18 metres in length;

on 1st April 1977 for vessels of less than 15 metres in length;

(ii) if the keel of the vessel was laid on or after 1st January 1947 but before 1st January 1960—

on 1st October 1977 for vessels of 21 metres in length and over;

on 1st April 1978 for vessels of 18 metres in length and over but less than 21 metres in length;

on 1st October 1978 for vessels of 15 metres in length and over but less than 18 metres in length;

on 1st April 1979 for vessels of less than 15 metres in length;

(iii) if the keel of the vessel was laid on or after 1st January 1960 but before 1st May 1975—

on 1st October 1979 for vessels of 21 metres in length and over;

on 1st April 1980 for vessels of 18 metres in length and over but less than 21 metres in length;

on 1st October 1980 for vessels of 15 metres in length and over but less than 18 metres in length;

on 1st April 1981 for vessels of less than 15 metres in length;

(iv) if the keel of the vessel was laid on or after 1st May 1975 pursuant to an agreement for the construction of the vessel entered into before that date, on 1st April 1980;

(v) if the keel of the vessel was laid on or after 1st May 1975 pursuant to an agreement for the construction of the vessel entered into on or after that date, on 1st July 1975;

(b) in the case of fishing vessels engaged on single or twin boom fishing to which these Rules apply, if the keel of the vessel was laid on or after 1st January 1947 but before 1st May 1975, on 1st July 1977;

(c) in the case of fishing vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply, other than fishing vessels referred to in sub-paragraph 4(b) of this Rule, which at 1st May 1975 are vessels—

(i) classed with Lloyd's Register of Shipping and which continue to be so classed until 1st April 1980; or

(ii) in respect of or in connection with which a grant or loan has been made or is to be made under the Sea Fish Industry Act 1970 and which are thereby subject to inspection by a person authorised by the White Fish Authority or Herring Industry Board and continue to be subject to such inspection until 1st April 1980

on 1st April 1980.

(5) In these Rules, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the following meanings respectively:—

“ `A' class division ” means a bulkhead or part of a deck which is—

constructed of steel or other equivalent material;

suitably stiffened;

so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the 60 minute standard fire test; and

so insulated where necessary with suitable non-combustible materials such that, if the division is exposed to the standard fire test, the average temperature of the unexposed side of the division will rise not more than 139°C above the initial temperature nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180°C above the initial temperature within the time listed below:

“ `B' class divisions ” means those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings which—

are so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first 30 minutes of the standard fire test;

have an insulation value such that during the standard fire test the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above its initial temperature, nor will its temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225°C above its initial temperature within the time listed below:

except in the case of divisions constructed of glass reinforced plastic, are constructed of suitable non-combustible materials and their supporting members or structures are also constructed of non-combustible materials;

“ Accommodation spaces ” means corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, crew spaces, isolated pantries and similar spaces;

“ Breadth of a vessel ” means the maximum width measured:—

to the moulded line of the frame of a vessel with a metal shell; or

to the outer surface of the hull of a vessel with a shell of any other material or of a composite vessel;

“ Class C boat ” means a boat complying with the provisions of Rule 83 of these Rules;

“ Control stations ” means spaces in which main navigating or radio or central fire-recording equipment or an emergency generator are located;

“ Crew space ” means crew accommodation within the meaning of section 20(7) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1970;

“ Dead ship condition ” means a condition where no power is available in the vessel;

“ Distant water voyage ” means a voyage during the course of which a vessel proceeds outside the area bounded by lines joining the following positions:—

coast of Norway at 65°00&min;N

65°00&min;N 8°00&min;E

61°30&min;N 18°00&min;W

43°00&min;N 18°00&min;W

coast of Spain at 43°00&min;N;

“ Draught ” means the vertical distance from the moulded base line amidships to the operating water line of a vessel;

“ Enclosed superstructure ” means a superstructure with—

enclosing bulkheads of efficient construction;

access openings, if any, in those bulkheads fitted with permanently attached weathertight doors of a strength equivalent to the unpierced structure which can be operated from either side; and

other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure fitted with efficient weathertight means of closing,

but does not include a bridge or poop unless access is provided for the crew to reach machinery and other working spaces inside the bridge or poop by alternative means which are available at all times when bulkhead openings are closed.

“ Equivalent material ” where the words are used in the expression “ steel or other equivalent material ” means any material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the standard fire test;

“ Freeboard deck ” means the uppermost complete deck exposed to the weather and sea which has permanent means of closing all openings in the weather portions thereof and below which all openings in the sides of the vessel are fitted with permanent means of closing watertight. In a vessel having a discontinuous freeboard deck, the lowest line of the exposed deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is to be taken as the freeboard deck. A lower deck may be designated as the freeboard deck subject to its being a complete and permanent deck continuous both (i) in a fore and aft direction at least between the machinery spaces and peak bulkheads and (ii) athwartships. When this lower deck is stepped, the lowest line of the deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is to be taken as the freeboard deck. When a lower deck is designated as the freeboard deck, that part of the hull which extends above the freeboard deck is treated as superstructure;

“ Height ” in relation to a superstructure or other erection means the least vertical distance measured at side from the top of the deck beams of a superstructure or an erection to the top of the freeboard deck beams;

“ Independent power pump ” means a pump operated by power otherwise than from the vessel's main engines;

“ Inflatable boat ” means a boat complying with Rule 84 of these Rules;

“ Launching appliance ” means the appliance complying with the provisions of Rule 98 of these Rules;

“ Length ” in relation to a vessel, means the length shown on the vessel's register;

“ Lifeboat ” means a boat complying with the provisions of Rule 82 of these Rules;

“ Liferaft ” means a liferaft complying with the provisions of Rule 85 of these Rules;

“ Machinery control room ” means a room from which the propelling machinery and boilers serving the needs of propulsion may be controlled;

“ Machinery space ” in relation to vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over means any space used for propelling, auxiliary or refrigerating machinery, boilers, liver boilers, fish meal plant, pumps, engineers' workshops, generators, ventilation or air conditioning machinery, oil filling stations and similar spaces and trunkways to such spaces; and in relation to vessels of less than 24.4 metres in length, means the main engine room;

“ Main circulating pump ” means the pump installed for circulating water through the main condenser in steam driven vessels or the pump which circulates the main engine sea water coolant in motor driven vessels;

“ Maximum service speed ” means the greatest speed which the vessel is designed to maintain at sea at her deepest seagoing draught;

“ Motor lifeboat ” means a lifeboat complying with Rule 82(5) of these Rules;

“ Navigable speed ” means the minimum ahead speed at which the vessel can be effectively steered;

“ Non-combustible material ” means a material which when heated to a temperature of 750°C neither flames for longer than 10 seconds duration nor raises either its internal temperature or the temperature of the test furnace more than 50°C above 750°C when tested in accordance with British Standard Specification 476; Part 4; 1970 and the expression “ combustible material ” shall be construed accordingly;

“ Oil fired boiler ” means any boiler wholly or partly fired by liquid fuel not being a domestic boiler of less than 73.28 kilowatts;

“ Oil fuel unit ” means the equipment used for the preparation of oil fuel for delivery to the oil burners of an oil-fired boiler or that used to prepare heated oil for delivery to an internal combustion engine and includes the oil pressure pumps, filters and heaters;

“ Person ” means a person over the age of one year;

“ Principal Length ” means the length measured in metres on a straight line from the fore part of the stem at top to the aftermost side of the transom or stern contour;

“ Principal Breadth ” means the maximum breadth measured in metres on a straight line to the outside of the frame lines of a vessel the hull of which is constructed of metal or to the outer surfaces of a vessel the hull of which is constructed of other material;

“ Principal Depth ” means the depth measured in metres at the mid point of the Principal Length as the vertical distance from the top of the deck beam at side to the top of the keel or line at the intersection of the inside of the shell plating with the keel where a bar keel extends above that line in a vessel the hull of which is constructed of metal or to the lower rabbet line of the keel of a vessel the hull of which is constructed of other material;

“ Sea going ” means proceeding outside the limits of smooth or partially smooth waters as specified in Schedule 24 to these Rules;

“ Service space ” includes galleys, pantries, laundries, store rooms, paint rooms, carpenters' workshops and trunkways leading to such spaces;

“ Settling tank ” means an oil storage tank in which oil fuel is heated in the course of its preparation for combustion in boilers and machinery and which has a heating surface of not less than 0.18 square metres per tonne of oil capacity;

“ Standard fire test ” means a test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks, having a surface area of not less than 4.6 square metres and a height of 2.4 metres, resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including, where appropriate, at least one joint, are exposed in a test furnace to a series of time temperature relationships, approximately as follows:—

At the end of the first 5 minutes: 538°C

At the end of the first 10 minutes: 704°C

At the end of the first 30 minutes: 843°C

At the end of the first 60 minutes: 927°C

“ Steering gear power unit ” means

in the case of electric steering gear, the electric motor and its associated electrical equipment; or

in the case of electro-hydraulic steering gear, the electric motor, its associated electrical equipment and connected pump; or

in the case of steam-hydraulic or pneumatic-hydraulic steering gear, the driving engine and connected pump;

“ Suitable ” in relation to material means suitable for the purpose for which it is used;

“ Superstructure ” means a decked structure (including a raised quarter deck) on the freeboard deck either extending from side to side of the vessel or with the side plating not being inboard of the shell plating more than 4 per cent of the breadth of the vessel;

“ Superstructure deck ” means that complete or partial deck or the top of a superstructure, deckhouse or other erections situated at a height of not less than 1.8 metres above the freeboard deck;

“ Surface spread of flame ” means the surface spread of flame classified as Class 1 or Class 2 within the meaning of British Standard Specification 476; Part 7; 1971;

“ Vessel Numeral ” means the product obtained by multiplying together the Principal Length by the Principal Breadth by the Principal Depth;

“ Watertight ” in relation to a structure means capable of preventing the passage of water through the structure in any direction;

“ Weathertight ” in relation to a structure means capable of preventing the passage of sea water through the structure in ordinary sea conditions.

(6) The Interpretation Act 1889 shall apply for the interpretation of these Rules as it applies for the interpretation of an Act of Parliament.

(7) The Merchant Shipping (Life-Saving Appliances) Rules 1965 as amended , and the Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules 1965 shall be amended as follows:

(a) In Rule 1(2) of each of the said Rules there shall be inserted in the appropriate places alphabetically the words” “ Fishing vessel ” has the same meaning as in the Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Act 1970 ”

(b) In the proviso to Rule 1(3) of each of the said Rules, there shall be added after paragraph (ii) as paragraph (iii):

(iii) mechanically propelled fishing vessels registered in the United Kingdom under Part I or entered in the fishing boat register under Part IV of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894

(8) The Merchant Shipping (Musters) Rules 1965 shall be amended as follows:

In the proviso to Rule 1(3) there shall be added at the end of the proviso the words “or to a fishing vessel as defined in section 9(1) of the Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Act 1970, being a mechanically propelled fishing vessel registered in the United Kingdom under Part I or entered in the fishing boat register under Part IV of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894” .

(9) The Merchant Shipping (Official Log Books) (Fishing Vessels) Regulations 1972 shall be amended as follows:

In Regulation 1(2), there shall be substituted for the definition of “the Musters Rules” the words ““ the Musters Rules ” means the Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Rules 1975 so far as the same relate to musters; ”

Section 2 Structural Strength

(1) The structural strength of every fishing vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply and the number and disposition of bulk-heads shall be adequate for the intended service.

(2) Every such vessel shall be provided with a watertight collision bulkhead in the fore part of the vessel and main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the vessel shall be situated in a watertight machinery compartment, except that vessels constructed substantially of wood may be provided with a wooden bulkhead or bulkheads of solid and substantial construction separating the fish hold from the rest of the vessel.

Section 3 Closing arrangements

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply the number of openings in the outer watertight structure of the vessel shall be as few as reasonably practicable and shall be provided with effective closing arrangements where required by the provisions of these Rules.

Section 4 Doors

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply doors fitted in the outer watertight structure shall be of substantial construction permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead and so framed, stiffened and fitted that the whole structure of which they are part is of equivalent strength to the unpierced bulkhead. They shall be capable of being closed weathertight by means of gaskets and clamping arrangements or other equally effective means permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the door and arranged so that they may be operated from each side of the bulkhead.

Section 5 Hatchway covers

(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this Rule, in every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where hatchway covers are constructed of wooden boards with waterproof covers—

(a) the unsupported span of the wooden boards shall not exceed 1.5 metres;

(b) the finished thickness of the wooden boards shall be not less than 4 millimetres for each 100 millimetres of unsupported span and the width of their bearing surfaces shall not be less than 65 millimetres, except that no wooden board shall have a finished thickness of less than 40 millimetres;

(c) a waterproof cover of suitable material and of adequate strength shall be provided for every hatchway and be capable of being secured in place in accordance with sub-paragraphs (e) and (f) below;

(d) where portable beams are provided to support hatchway covers the strength of such beams shall be calculated using the assumed static loads given in sub-paragraph (3)(a) below and the mechanical properties of the material used in the construction and such beams shall be of adequate strength for their intended service;

(e) cleats shall be set to fit the taper of the wedges, spaced 600 millimetres centre to centre and at least 65 millimetres wide. The end cleats on each end or side shall be not more than 150 millimetres from the hatch corners;

(f) an adequate number of battens and wedges of efficient pattern and in good condition shall be provided. The wedges shall be of tough wood or equivalent material cut to a taper of not more than 1 in 6 and shall not be less than 12 millimetres thick at the toes;

(g) steel bars shall be provided to ensure that each section of the hatchway covers can be efficiently and independently secured after the waterproof covers have been battened down;

(h) hatchway covers shall be permanently marked to indicate their correct position.

(2) In any such vessel less than 24.4 metres in length other arrangements equally effective to the requirements of sub-paragraphs (1)(c), (e), (f) and (g) of this Rule may be provided to maintain wooden hatch covers in position and secure them weathertight.

(3) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where hatchway covers are constructed of material other than wood:—

(a) for the purpose of strength calculations it shall be assumed that such covers are subjected to the weight of cargo intended to be carried on them or to the following static loads whichever is the greater:—

(i) 1.0 tonne per square metre, where the length of the vessel is 24.4 metres or less;

(ii) 1.75 tonnes per square metre, where the length of the vessel is 100 metres or more.

For vessels of lengths more than 24.4 metres but not exceeding 100 metres the loads shall be determined by linear interpolation provided that where a hatchway is situated on the superstructure deck in a position abaft a point 0.25 of the Principal Length from the forward perpendicular, the assumed loads may be reduced to not less than 75% of the requirement of this paragraph;

(b) where such covers are constructed of mild steel, the maximum stress calculated using the assumed static loads set out in sub-paragraph (a) above when multiplied by 4.25 shall not exceed the minimum ultimate strength of the material. Under these loads the deflections shall not be more than 0.0028 times the span;

(c) every such cover constructed of material other than mild steel shall have strength and stiffness equivalent to those required in the case of a cover of mild steel;

(d) every such cover shall be fitted with gaskets and clamping devices, or other equally effective arrangements, sufficient to ensure weather-tightness.

Section 6 Machinery space openings

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply machinery space openings in exposed positions on the freeboard deck shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by casings of adequate strength and fitted with doors complying with the requirements of Rule 4 of these Rules.

(2) In every such vessel every such opening, other than a doorway provided in a casing, shall be fitted with covers of strength equivalent to the unpierced structure, and shall be permanently attached thereto and capable of being closed weathertight.

(3) In every such vessel where casings are not fitted the access openings to the machinery space shall be closed in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7(1) of these Rules.

Section 7 Other deck openings

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply, flush deck scuttles of the screw, bayonet or equivalent type and manholes may be fitted where these are essential for fishing operations and shall be capable of being closed watertight and shall be permanently attached to the structure, provided that such scuttles and manholes may be effectively weathertight only when closed if their design, size and disposition is such that no danger is likely to result from the absence of complete watertightness.

(2) In every such vessel an efficient superstructure, deckhouse or companionway fitted with weathertight doors or other equally effective closing arrangements shall be provided to protect deck openings in the freeboard and superstructure decks other than hatchways, machinery space openings, manholes and flush scuttles.

Section 8 Ventilators

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply coamings of ventilators shall be of substantial construction and capable of being closed weathertight by devices permanently attached to the ventilator or adjacent structure provided that, subject to the requirements of Rule 59(1), weathertight closing appliances need not be fitted to ventilators in which the coamings extend more than 4.5 metres above the freeboard deck or more than 2.3 metres above the superstructure deck and provided further that the requirements of this Rule shall not apply to vessels under 24.4 metres in length where the ventilators are fitted in the top of the casing or deckhouse and where such ventilators are positioned not more than one-fifth of the moulded breadth of the vessel from the centreline of the vessel and the lowest point at which water might gain access through the ventilator is not less than 1.5 metres above the freeboard deck.

Section 9 Air pipes

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where air pipes to tanks and other spaces below deck extend above the freeboard or superstructure decks the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction. Exposed openings of air pipes shall be provided with efficient means of closing weathertight permanently attached to the pipe or adjacent structure. Provision shall be made to prevent excessive pressure on tank boundaries.

Section 10 Side scuttles and skylights

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply side scuttles to spaces below the freeboard deck and to enclosed superstructures, deckhouses or companionways on the freeboard deck shall be fitted with hinged deadlights capable of being closed watertight.

(2) In every such vessel every side scuttle shall be fitted in a position such that its sill is above a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side having its lowest point 1 metre above the highest load waterline.

(3) In every such vessel side scuttles, glasses and deadlights shall be of substantial construction.

(4) In every such vessel skylights leading to spaces below the freeboard deck shall be of substantial construction and capable of being closed and secured weathertight, and with provision for adequate means of closing in the event of damage to the inserts.

Section 11 Side openings

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply the number of openings in the sides of the vessel below the freeboard deck shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the vessel and such openings shall be provided with closing arrangements of adequate strength to ensure watertightness and the structural integrity of the surrounding structure.

Section 12 Inlets, discharges, and scuppers other than deck scuppers

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply each discharge pipe leading through the hull from spaces below the freeboard deck or from within an enclosed superstructure or deckhouse on the freeboard deck shall have an automatic non-return valve and a positive means of closure from an accessible position except that the requirements of this paragraph shall not apply in those cases where the piping of the scupper or discharge pipe is of substantial thickness and where the entry of water into the vessel through the opening is not likely to lead to dangerous flooding.

(2) In manned machinery spaces in every such vessel controls for main and auxiliary machinery, sea inlets and discharges shall be readily accessible and be provided with indicators showing whether the valves are open or closed. In unmanned machinery spaces suitable warning devices shall be installed to indicate leakage of water into the space or leakage from any other system.

(3) In every such vessel valves and other fittings attached to the hull shall be of steel, bronze or other ductile material and pipes between the hull opening and the valve shall be of steel except that in positions elsewhere and in vessels constructed of materials other than steel, other materials may be used provided that they are suitable for their intended service.

Section 13 Heights of hatchway coamings, doorways sills, ventilators and air pipes

(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this Rule, in every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply every hatchway on the freeboard deck shall have a coaming of substantial construction and the height of the coaming above the deck shall be not less than:—

(a) 300 millimetres for vessels with Vessel Numerals up to and including 200;

(b) 380 millimetres for vessels with Vessel Numerals above 200 but no more than 315;

(c) 460 millimetres for vessels with Vessel Numerals above 315 but not more than 1400;

(d) 600 millimetres for vessels with Vessel Numerals above 1400.

On superstructure decks the height of the coamings shall be not less than 300 millimetres.

(2) In any such vessel the height of hatch coamings specified in paragraph (1) above may be reduced, or the coamings omitted, where compliance with the requirements of paragraph (1) above is not reasonably practicable provided watertight hatch covers are fitted. Such covers shall be kept as small as reasonably practicable, be permanently attached by hinges or equivalent means and capable of being rapidly closed and battened down.

(3) In every such vessel the height of sills above the level of the deck in doorways provided in companionways, superstructures, deckhouses and machinery casings which give access to parts of the deck exposed to the weather and sea from spaces below the freeboard deck shall be not less than those specified for hatchway coamings in paragraph (1) above provided that the height of such sills above deck may be reduced where there is no direct access to spaces leading below the freeboard deck and where the deckhouse, superstructures or companionways on the freeboard deck are sub-divided internally.

(4) In every such vessel the lowest point at which water might gain access through the air pipes shall be not less than 760 millimetres above the freeboard deck or not less than 450 millimetres above the superstructure deck, provided that these heights may be reduced where compliance with the requirements of this paragraph of these Rules is not reasonably practicable because of interference with fishing operations and provided adequate closing arrangements are fitted.

(5) On the freeboard deck of every such vessel the height above deck of ventilators, other than machinery space ventilators, shall be not less than 900 millimetres and on superstructure decks not less than 760 millimetres. The height of ventilators of machinery spaces shall be as high as is reasonable and practicable.

(6) In every such vessel the requirements of the preceding paragraphs of this Rule shall apply in relation to the heights of coamings, sills, air pipes and ventilators above an enclosed deck where water may accumulate and present a hazard to the vessel as they apply in relation to the heights of coamings, sills, air pipes and ventilators above the freeboard deck or superstructure deck as the case may be.

Section 14 Freeing ports

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where bulwarks on weather parts of the freeboard deck form wells, the minimum freeing port area in square metres (in this Rule referred to as “A”) on each side of the vessel for each well on the freeboard deck shall be determined in accordance with the following formula in relation to the length and height of the bulwark in the well (in this Rule referred to as “l” and “h” respectively) as follows:

l = length of the bulwark in metres.

h = mean height of the bulwark in metres.

Where side houses of superstructures fitted within the well contribute positive buoyancy to the vessel. A may be reduced except that, where such side houses or superstructures are discontinuous and provide pockets for the accumulation of water, no reduction shall be made.

(2) In any such vessel if the well is on a deck whose minimum height at side above the deepest operational waterline is equal to or greater than “R” metres, A may be multiplied by the factor “f” where:—

H = minimum height in metres measured from the deepest operational waterline to the lowest part of the deck at side upon which the well is formed.

L = registered length in metres.

In no case shall the factor “f” be less than 0·75.

(3) In any such vessel, A may include—

(a) the area of those freeing ports with attached means of closing provided that the freeing ports shall only be closed during fishing operations; and

(b) in stern trawlers the apertures in and under the stern doors.

(4) In every such vessel freeing ports shall be so arranged throughout the length of the bulwarks as to provide an effective means of freeing the deck of water. Lower edges of freeing ports shall be as near to the deck as is practicable. Freeing ports greater than 230 millimetres in depth shall be fitted with bars spaced not more than 230 millimetres apart or by other equivalent arrangements.

(5) In every such vessel the arrangements provided in the well for the stowage of equipment and the catch shall not impair the effectiveness of the freeing ports.

(6) In every such vessel intended to operate in zones where icing occurs the means of closing freeing ports when fitted shall be capable of being readily removed.

Section 15 Freeboard

(1) Every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall be so designed, constructed and operated as to ensure that in all foreseeable operating conditions the freeboard will be adequate to provide:—

(a) compliance with the stability criteria set out in Rule 16 of these Rules;

(b) reasonable safety for men working on deck;

(c) reasonable safety to the vessel from the entry of water into enclosed spaces having regard to the closing appliances fitted.

(2) On each side of every such vessel, draught water marks complying with the requirements of section 7 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894 as amended by the Merchant Shipping (Metrication) Regulations 1973 shall be provided.

Section 16 Stability

Every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall in all operating conditions and circumstances set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 of Schedule 3 to these Rules and in all foreseeable operating conditions satisfy the following stability criteria after due correction for the free surface effects of liquids in tanks:—

(a) the area under the curve of righting levers (GZ curve) shall not be less than:—

(i) 0.055 metre-radians up to an angle of 30 degrees;

(ii) 0.090 metre-radians up to an angle of 40 degrees or such lesser angle of heel at which the lower edges of any openings in the hull, superstructures, deckhouses or companionways, being openings which cannot be closed weathertight, are immersed;

(iii) 0.030 metre-radians between the angles of heel of 30 degrees and 40 degrees or such lesser angle as defined in (ii) above;

(b) the righting lever (GZ) shall be at least 0.20 metres at an angle of heel equal to or greater than 30 degrees;

(c) the maximum righting lever (GZ) shall occur at an angle of heel not less than 25 degrees;

(d) in the upright position the transverse metacentric height (GM) shall not be less than 0.35 metres;

provided that, for vessels engaged on single or twin boom fishing the values of dynamic stability, righting lever and metacentric height given in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (d) respectively of this Rule shall be increased by 20%.

Section 17 General

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and be installed and protected so as to minimise any danger to persons on board.

(2) In every such vessel machinery spaces shall be designed to provide safe and free access to all parts of the machinery which may require servicing at sea.

(3) In every such vessel means shall be provided to prevent overpressure in any part of the machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels. Every boiler shall be provided with not less than two safety valves except that only one safety valve may be fitted if, having regard to the output or any other features of the boiler, adequate protection against overpressure is thereby provided.

(4) In every such vessel machinery spaces which will be periodically unattended at sea shall be provided with proper alarm, detection and machinery control systems.

(5) Prior to installation in every such vessel every boiler or other pressure vessel and its mountings shall be subjected to a hydraulic test to a pressure suitability in excess of the working pressure which will ensure it is adequate in strength and design for the intended service, having regard to:—

(a) the design and the material of construction;

(b) its intended purpose;

(c) the working conditions under which it is intended to be used.

(6) In every such vessel every boiler or other pressure vessel and its respective mountings shall be maintained in an efficient condition.

(7) In every such vessel suitable provision shall be made to facilitate the cleaning and inspection of every pressure vessel.

Section 18 Boiler feed systems

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply every boiler which provides services essential for the safety of the vessel or which could become dangerous by the failure of its feed water supply, shall be provided with not less than two efficient and separate feed water systems so arranged that either of the systems may be opened for inspection or overhaul independently of the other. Means shall be provided which will prevent overpressure in any part of the systems.

(2) In every such vessel where it is possible for oil to enter the feed water system of a boiler, arrangements shall be provided for interception of the oil in the feed water.

(3) In every such vessel check valves, fittings and pipes in feed water systems shall be designed and constructed to withstand, with an adequate factor of safety, the maximum working stresses to which they may be subjected. Valves, fittings or pipes shall, prior to installation, be subjected to hydraulic test suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure of the boiler to which they are connected or of the maximum working pressure to which the feed line may be subjected, whichever shall be the greater.

(4) In every such vessel boiler feed systems shall be maintained in an efficient condition and the feed pipes shall be adequately supported.

(5) In every such vessel provision shall be made to ensure that an adequate reserve of feed water is available.

Section 19 Steam pipe systems

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply steam pipes and fittings connected thereto through which steam may pass shall be so designed and constructed as to withstand the maximum working stresses to which they may be subjected, with an adequate factor of safety, having regard to—

(a) the material of which they are constructed, and

(b) the working conditions under which they will be used.

(2) Every steam pipe or fitting for every such vessel shall, prior to being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a hydraulic test to a pressure suitably in excess of the working pressure having regard to the requirements of paragraph (1) above.

(3) In every such vessel every such steam pipe or fitting shall be maintained in an efficient condition.

(4) In every such vessel steam pipes shall be adequately supported and in such a manner to avoid damage due to variation in temperature, vibration or otherwise.

(5) In every such vessel means shall be provided for draining every steam range to ensure that the interior of each pipe in the range is kept free of water and that water hammer action will not occur under any foreseeable service conditions.

(6) In every such vessel steam fittings, steam pipes, hot exhaust pipes and other hot surfaces shall be adequately insulated.

(7) In every such vessel steam and exhaust pipes shall not be led through hold spaces unless adequately protected.

(8) In every such vessel, where a steam range may receive steam from any source at a higher pressure than it can withstand with an adequate factor of safety, an efficient reducing valve, relief valve and pressure gauge shall be fitted.

(9) In every such vessel flanges in steam pipe systems shall not be situated above or in the vicinity of switchboards or other electrical equipment except that where this is not practicable provision shall be made to prevent leakage damaging the equipment.

(10) In every such vessel, in exhaust steam systems of machinery fitted with positive shut-off valves where the systems are not designed for the maximum inlet pressure, relief valves of sufficient capacity shall be fitted.

Section 20 Machinery

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the vessel shall be provided with effective means of control. The machinery shall be capable of being brought into operation from the dead ship condition.

(2) In every such vessel where risk from over-speeding of machinery exists provisions shall be made to ensure that the safe speed is not exceeded.

(3) In every such vessel where main or auxiliary machinery or any parts of such machinery are subject to internal pressure such parts shall, prior to installation, be subjected to a hydraulic test to a pressure suitably in excess of the working pressure having regard to:—

(a) the design and the material of which they are constructed;

(b) the purpose for which they are intended to be used;

(c) the working conditions under which they are intended to be used;

and such parts shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test.

(4) In every such vessel, main and auxiliary machinery essential for the safety and propulsion of the vessel shall be maintained in an efficient condition.

Section 21 Means for going astern

Every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall have adequate power for going astern to maintain proper control of the vessel in all foreseeable service conditions.

Section 22 Shafts

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply every shaft shall be so designed and constructed that it will withstand the maximum working stresses to which it may be subjected, with a factor of safety which is adequate having regard to:—

(a) the material of which it is constructed;

(b) the service for which it is intended;

(c) the type and size of prime mover or motor by which it is driven or of which it forms a part.

Section 23 Exhaust systems

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply the exhaust pipes and silencers of every internal combustion engine shall be adequately cooled or lagged to protect persons on board the vessel.

Section 24 Air pressure systems

(1) Every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply in which machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the vessel is required to be started, operated or controlled solely by compressed air, shall be provided with an efficient air system, including an adequate number of air compressors and air storage receivers and shall be so arranged as to ensure that an adequate supply of compressed air is available under all foreseeable service conditions.

(2) In every such vessel where the main engines are provided with means for air starting, the total air storage receiver capacity shall be adequate to start the main engine or engines not less than twelve times successively if the engine is reversible or not less than six times successively if the engine is non-reversible.

(3) In every such vessel where only one air storage receiver is provided for starting the main engines separate provision shall be made for the storage of compressed air necessary for starting the main electric generating sets where these are provided with means for air starting.

(4) In every such vessel air pressure systems and their component parts, other than pneumatic control systems, which are subjected to air pressure shall be designed and constructed to withstand, with an adequate factor of safety, the maximum working stresses to which they may be subjected. Prior to being put into service for the first time, air pressure pipes and fittings in such a system shall be subjected to a hydraulic test to twice the system's maximum working pressure.

(5) In every such vessel air pressure systems shall be maintained in an efficient working condition.

(6) In every such vessel adequate pressure relief arrangements shall be provided to prevent overpressure in any part of any such air pressure system, and shall also be provided, where water jackets of casings of air compressors and coolers might be subjected to dangerous overpressure due to leakage into them from air pressure parts.

(7) In every such vessel provision shall be made to drain the system and to reduce to a minimum the entry of oil into any air pressure system.

(8) In every such vessel provision shall be made to protect the system from the effects of internal explosion.

(9) In every such vessel discharge pipes from starting air compressors shall lead directly to the starting air receivers. Starting air pipes from the air receivers to main or auxiliary engines shall be separate from the compressor discharge pipe system.

(10) In every such vessel where an air pressure pipeline may receive air from any source at a higher pressure than it can withstand with an adequate factor of safety, an efficient reducing valve, relief valve and pressure gauge shall be fitted.

(11) In every such vessel soldered joints shall not be used in air pressure pipe lines.

Section 25 Cooling water systems—vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

(1) In every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the vessel is dependent for its operation on an efficient cooling water system, there shall be provided at least one circulating pump and, except in the case of any emergency generator, provision shall be made so that in the event of the failure of the pump an alternative pump is available for the same duty. These pumps shall provide an adequate supply of cooling water to the cooling system.

(2) In every such vessel the sea water suctions of cooling systems for essential internal combustion machinery shall be provided with strainers which can be cleaned without interruption of the supply of water.

(3) In every such vessel provision shall be made to prevent overpressure in any part of the system and to indicate the proper working of the system.

Section 26 Cooling water systems—vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply where cooling water services are essential for the running of the propelling machinery there shall be at least two means capable of supplying water to such services.

(2) In every such vessel the sea water suctions of cooling systems for essential internal combustion machinery shall be provided with strainers which can be cleaned without interruption of the supply of water.

(3) In every such vessel provision shall be made to prevent overpressure in any part of the system and to indicate the proper working of the system.

Section 27 Oil systems for lubricating, cooling and control—vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

(1) In every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where oil for lubrication, cooling or operation of the main propelling machinery, gearbox and its ancillary services is circulated under pressure, at least two pumps shall be provided for the circulation of such oil where:—

(a) the output or combined output of the main engine or engines exceeds 500 b.h.p.; or

(b) lubricating oil under pressure is the only means of control of machinery for the propulsion and safety of the vessel.

Each pump shall be adequate for circulating the lubricating oil. Only one pump shall be required for an emergency generator.

(2) In every such vessel strainers which can be cleaned without interrupting the supply of such oil shall be provided.

(3) In every such vessel provision shall be made to prevent overpressure and to indicate proper operation in every part of the system. Where the means of preventing overpressure is a relief valve it shall be in a closed circuit.

(4) In every such vessel flexible pipes in lubricating oil, cooling oil and hydraulic systems shall be fit for their intended service.

(5) In every such vessel oil level indicators in lubricating oil, cooling oil and hydraulic systems shall be accurate and fit for their intended service and shall be of a type which does not require piercing of the lower part of the tank. Tubular gauge glasses shall not be fitted to lubricating oil or hydraulic oil tanks but suitably protected gauges having flat glasses of substantial thickness and self-closing fittings may be used.

(6) In every such vessel oil pressure pipes in lubricating oil, cooling oil and hydraulic systems shall be made of seamless steel, or other suitable material having flanged joints and shall be properly installed and be led at such a height above the inner bottom as will facilitate inspection and repair. Every such pipe, joint and its fittings other than pipes, joints and fittings in hydraulic control systems, shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to 2.8 kilogrammes force per square centimetre or to twice the maximum working pressure, whichever is the greater, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test.

(7) In every such vessel oil pipes in lubricating oil, cooling oil and hydraulic systems, not being oil pressure pipes, shall be made of steel or other suitable material having flanged joints and shall be properly installed and be led at such a height above the inner bottom as will facilitate inspection and repair. Every such pipe, joint and its fittings other than pipes, joints and fittings in hydraulic control systems, shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to 2.8 kilogrammes force per square centimetre or to twice the maximum working pressure, whichever shall be the greater, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test.

Section 28 Oil systems for lubricating, cooling and control—vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply where the output or combined output of the main engine or engines exceeds 500 b.h.p. and oil for lubrication, cooling or operation of the main propelling machinery and its ancillary services is circulated under pressure, provision shall be made for circulating such oil in the event of failure of a pump.

(2) In every such vessel strainers capable of being readily dismantled for cleaning or replacement of the strainer element shall be provided.

(3) In every such vessel adequate means shall be provided for indicating failure of the lubricating oil system.

(4) In every such vessel flexible pipes in lubricating oil, cooling oil and hydraulic systems shall be fit for their intended service.

(5) In every such vessel where tubular gauge glasses are fitted to lubricating oil or hydraulic oil tanks they shall be of substantial construction, adequately protected and fitted with self-closing arrangements on the tank.

(6) In every such vessel pipes used to convey lubricating oil, cooling oil or hydraulic oil shall be made of seamless steel or other suitable material and shall be properly installed. Pipes, joints and fittings other than pipes, joints and fittings in hydraulic control systems, shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to twice their maximum working pressure and at any time thereafter shall be capable of withstanding such a test.

Section 29 Oil fuel installations (boilers and machinery)—general

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply oil fuel used in boilers or machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 60°C (Closed Test), except that where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator driven by internal combustion type machinery having an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements, the oil fuel provided for this machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 43°C.

(2) In every such vessel oil fuel tanks which are not built into the vessel's structure shall be properly constructed and be provided with save-alls or gutters. These tanks shall not be situated directly above boilers, heated surfaces, stairways, ladders, or electrical equipment other than unbroken runs of cable. Prior to installation these tanks shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure test. Storage tanks or service tanks shall be tested to a head of water 300 millimetres in excess of the greatest head to which the tank may be subject when in service. In the case of a settling tank the required head of water shall not be less than 2.5 metres above the top of the tank.

(3) In every such vessel adequate means shall be provided for sounding oil fuel tanks and means provided to prevent overpressure in such tanks. The sounding arrangements or oil level indicating gear fitted to settling tanks or daily service tanks shall not permit the escape of oil if these tanks are overfilled. Oil level indicators shall not allow oil to escape in the event of their being damaged.

(4) In every such vessel air pipes shall be led from oil fuel tanks to the open air and the outlet shall be situated so that there will be no danger of fire or explosion resulting from the emergence of oil vapour from the pipe. Pipes shall be fitted with detachable wire gauze diaphragms of non-corrodible material.

Where pipes also serve as overflow pipes provision shall be made to prevent the overflow running into or near a boiler room, galley or other space where ignition may occur.

(5) In every such vessel air pipes from oil fuel tanks and levelling pipes attached to tanks shall have a nett cross-sectional area not less than 1.25 times that of the filling pipes.

(6) In every such vessel self-closing type drains shall be provided for the removal of water from oil fuel in storage tanks or settling tanks or in oily water separators.

(7) In every such vessel pipes connected to any oil fuel storage, settling, or daily service tank, not being a double bottom tank, shall be fitted with a valve or cock which shall be secured to the tank to which it is connected and be capable of being closed from a readily accessible position outside the space in which the tank is situated provided that an inlet pipe may be fitted with a nonreturn valve secured to the tank.

(8) In every such vessel valves forming part of the oil fuel system shall be designed and constructed to prevent the cover of the valve chest being slackened back or loosened when the valve is operated.

(9) In every such vessel pumps forming part of the oil fuel system shall be separate from the feed pumps, bilge pumps and ballast pumps and the connection of any such pumps, and shall be provided with an efficient relief valve which shall be in closed circuit.

(10) In every such vessel the means provided for the storage, distribution and utilisation of the fuel shall be such that the effective use of the engines can be maintained under all foreseeable service conditions.

(11) In every such vessel where steam is generated for main propulsion or essential auxiliary machinery by burning oil fuel under pressure, not less than two oil fuel units shall be provided, each comprising a pressure pump, filters and a heater. The pump, filters and heater shall be of efficient design and substantial construction. Provision shall be made to prevent overpressure in any part of the oil fuel units. The parts of these oil fuel units which are subject to oil pressure and the joints thereof shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to 28 kilogrammes force per square centimetre or twice their maximum working pressure, whichever is the greater, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test. Relief valves fitted to prevent over-pressure in the oil fuel heater shall be in closed circuit. Where steam is used for heating oil fuel in bunkers, tanks, heaters or separators, exhaust drains shall be provided to discharge the condensate into an observation tank fitted with a manually controlled drain.

(12) In every such vessel where a gravity oil fuel system is installed filters shall be provided and shall be capable of being cleaned without interrupting the supply of fuel oil.

(13) In every such vessel equivalent arrangements to those set out in paragraph (12) above shall be provided in the fuel supply lines to main and auxiliary oil engines.

(14) In every such vessel save-alls or gutters shall be provided under every oil fuel pump, filter and heater and in way of the furnace mouths to prevent escaping oil from coming into contact with boilers or other heated surfaces.

(15) In every such vessel where flexible pipes are fitted in such systems, they shall be fit for their intended service.

(16) In every such vessel fuel supply lines to main propulsion and essential auxiliary machinery shall be provided with filters so constructed that they may not be opened during use.

Section 30 Oil fuel installations (boilers and machinery)—vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

(1) In every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply oil fuel shall be effectively isolated from other liquids. The oil fuel pumping arrangements shall permit the oil fuel to be transferred from any oil fuel storage tank or settling tank into another oil fuel storage tank or settling tank. Provision shall be made to prevent the accidental discharge or overflow of oil overboard. If drinking water or boiler feed water is stored in a tank adjacent to an oil fuel tank a coffer-dam shall be provided which will prevent contamination.

(2) In every such vessel oil fuel tank sounding pipes shall not terminate in crew accommodation, but they may be installed in passage-ways.

(3) In every such vessel oil fuel level indicators shall be accurate and fit for their intended service, and shall be of a type which does not require piercing of the lower part of the oil fuel tank. Tubular gauge glasses shall not be fitted to oil fuel tanks but suitably protected gauges having flat glasses of substantial thickness and self closing fittings may be used.

(4) In every such vessel overflows from settling tanks and daily service tanks shall be led back to the storage tanks or to an overflow tank and means shall be provided to indicate when the tanks are overflowing.

(5) In every such vessel where oil fuel tanks are alternatively used as liquid ballast tanks proper means shall be provided to isolate the oil fuel and ballast systems.

(6) In every such vessel oil fuel filling stations shall be isolated from other spaces and be adequately drained and independently ventilated. Provision shall be made to prevent over-pressure in oil-filling pipe lines.

(7) In every such vessel oil fuel pressure pipes shall be made of seamless steel or other suitable material having flanged joints and shall be properly installed and be led at such a height above the inner bottom as will facilitate inspection and repair. Every such pipe, joint and its fittings shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to 28 kilogrammes force per square centimetre or to twice the maximum working pressure, whichever is the greater, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test. Where such pipes are used for conveying heated oil they shall be situated in a position above the platform in well-lighted parts of the boiler room or engine room.

(8) In every such vessel oil fuel pipes not being oil fuel pressure pipes shall be made of steel or other suitable material having flanged joints and shall be properly installed and be led at such a height above the inner bottom as will facilitate inspection and repair. Every such pipe, joint and its fittings shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to 3.5 kilogrammes force per square centimetre or to twice the maximum working pressure, whichever shall be the greater, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test.

(9) In every such vessel steam heating pipes which may be in contact with oil shall be made of steel and, together with their joints, shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to twice the maximum working pressure, and shall at any time thereafter be capable of withstanding such a test.

(10) In every such vessel every suction pipe from any oil fuel tank situated above an inner bottom within a boiler room or engine room shall be fitted with a valve or cock secured to each tank to which the pipe is connected. Every such valve or cock fitted to an oil fuel suction pipe shall be so arranged that it may be closed both from the compartment in which it is situated and from a readily accessible position outside such compartment not likely to be cut off in the event of fire in that compartment. If any oil tank filling pipe is not connected to an oil fuel tank at or near the top of the tank, it shall be fitted with a non-return valve or with a valve or cock secured to the tank to which it is connected and so arranged that it may be closed from the compartment in which it is situated and also from a readily accessible position outside such compartment not likely to be cut off in the event of fire in that compartment.

(11) In every such vessel master valves at the furnace fronts which control the supply of oil fuel to sets of burners shall be of quick-closing type and fitted in a readily accessible and conspicuous position. Provision shall be made to prevent oil from being turned on to any burner unless the burner has been correctly coupled up to the oil fuel supply line.

(12) In every such vessel provision shall be made for oil fuel pressure pumps and transfer pumps to be stopped from a position outside the compartment in which the pumps are situated.

Section 31 Oil fuel installations (boilers and machinery)—vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply oil fuel filling points shall be so arranged that oil fuel will not readily be spilled, overflow, drain or lodge in any space.

(2) In every such vessel pipes used to convey fuel oil shall be made of seamless steel or other suitable material and shall be properly installed. Pipes, joints and fittings shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to twice their maximum working pressure, and at any time thereafter shall be capable of withstanding such a test.

(3) In every such vessel where tubular gauge glasses are fitted to oil fuel tanks they shall be of substantial construction, adequately protected and fitted with self-closing arrangements on the tank.

Section 32 Oil fuel installations (cooking ranges and heating appliances)

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where cooking ranges or heating appliances within crew spaces are supplied with fuel from an oil tank, the tank shall be situated outside the space containing the cooking range or heating appliance and the supply of oil to the burners shall be capable of being controlled from outside that space. Ranges or burners using oil fuel having a flash point of less than 60°C (Closed Test) shall not be fitted. Means shall be provided to shut off the fuel supply automatically at the cooking range or heating appliance in the event of fire or if the combustion air supply fails. Such means shall require manual resetting in order to restore the fuel supply.

(2) In every such vessel the oil tank supplying the cooking range or heating appliance shall be provided with an air pipe leading to the open air, and in such a position that there will be no danger of fire or explosion resulting from the emergence of oil vapour from the open end of the pipe. The open end shall be fitted with a detachable wire gauze diaphragm.

(3) In every such vessel adequate means shall be provided for filling every such tank and for preventing overpressure.

Section 33 Ventilation

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply every space in which an oil fuel tank or any part of an oil fuel installation is situated shall be adequately ventilated.

Section 34 Liquefied petroleum gas installations (cooking ranges and heating appliances)

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply installations using liquefied petroleum gas shall be properly and safely fitted and fit for their intended service.

(2) In every such vessel an odoriser shall be added to the gas to enable the presence of gas to be detected by smell, even when its concentration in air is below that of the lower limit of flammability.

(3) In every such vessel containers holding liquefied petroleum gas shall be securely stowed on deck or in a well ventilated compartment situated on the deck, except that in any vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over, where deck stowage is not reasonably practicable, such gas containers may be stowed in spaces below deck, provided that such spaces are adequately ventilated and electrical equipment in such spaces is of flame-proof construction. Where drainage is provided from compartments containing such gas containers, drains shall lead directly overboard.

(4) In every such vessel spaces containing cooking ranges or heating appliances which use liquefied petroleum gas shall not be fitted with openings leading directly below to accommodation spaces or their passageways, except that where this is not reasonably practicable and such openings are fitted mechanical exhaust ventilation trunked to within 300 millimetres of the deck adjacent to the appliance, together with adequate supply ventilation, shall be provided.

(5) In every such vessel spaces where appliances consuming liquefied petroleum gas are used shall be adequately ventilated.

(6) In every such vessel mechanical ventilation systems fitted to any space in which such gas containers or appliances are situated shall be of such design and construction as will eliminate the hazards due to sparking. The ventilation systems serving spaces containing such gas storage containers or gas-consuming appliances shall be separate from any other ventilation system.

(7) In every such vessel where such gas consuming appliances are fitted below deck and for galleys in vessels of 60 metres in length and over mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided.

(8) In every such vessel of 12 metres in length and over, every space containing such a gas consuming appliance shall be provided with gas detection and audible alarm equipment. The gas detection device shall be securely fixed in the lower part of the space in the vicinity of the gas consuming appliance. The alarm unit and indicating panel shall be situated outside the spaces containing the gas storage and consuming appliances.

(9) In vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply where such gas consuming appliances are used in sleeping quarters or in spaces adjacent thereto, a flameproof audible alarm shall be fitted in the sleeping quarters in addition to the alarm required by paragraph (8) above.

(10) In vessels of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply a device shall be fitted in the supply pipe from the gas container to the consuming appliance which will shut off the gas automatically in the event of loss of pressure in the supply line. The device shall be of a type which requires deliberate manual operation to re-set it to restore the gas supply. An automatic shut-off device which operates in the event of flame failure shall be fitted on all appliances consuming liquefied petroleum gas.

Section 35 Storage of flammable liquids, toxic liquids, toxic gases and compressed gases

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply cylinders containing flammable, toxic or other dangerous gases, and expended cylinders shall be properly stowed and secured on open decks, and all valves, pressure regulators and pipes leading from such cylinders shall be protected against damage. Such cylinders may be stowed in compartments which meet the requirements set out in paragraph (2) of this Rule.

(2) In every such vessel highly flammable liquids, toxic liquids, toxic gases, and liquefied gases, other than liquefied petroleum gas shall be stored in compartments having direct access from open decks. Such compartments shall have boundary bulkheads constructed from non-combustible materials. Pressure adjusting devices and relief valves, if any, shall exhaust within the compartment. Where boundary bulkheads of such compartments adjoin other enclosed spaces they shall be gas tight and adequately insulated and provided with ventilation arrangements which are separate from other ventilation systems. Ventilation shall be arranged at high and low levels and the inlets and outlets of ventilators shall be positioned in safe areas and fitted with spark arresters.

(3) In every such vessel electrical wiring and fittings shall not be installed within compartments containing highly flammable liquids or liquefied gases except where necessary for service within the space. Where such electrical fittings are installed they shall be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

(4) In every such vessel where cylinders containing flammable or other dangerous compressed gases are carried below deck, cylinders containing one type of compressed gas shall be stowed separately from cylinders containing another type. Compartments containing cylinders of such compressed gases shall not be used for stowage of other combustible products or for tools or objects not belonging to the gas distribution system.

Section 36 Requirements for vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

(1) Every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall be provided with:—

(a) efficient bilge pumping plant and means for drainage so arranged that water entering any part of the hull, other than a space permanently appropriated for the carriage of fresh water, water ballast, oil fuel or liquid cargo and for which other efficient means of pumping or drainage are provided, can be pumped out through at least one suction pipe when the vessel is upright or is listed not more than 5 degrees either way. Wing suction shall be provided if necessary for this purpose. Arrangements shall be provided for an easy flow of water to the suction pipes.

Provided that where the safety of the vessel is not thereby impaired, the bilge pumping arrangements may be dispensed with in any particular compartment or compartments of any vessel or class of vessels;

(b) arrangements for the drainage of all insulated compartments;

(c) not less than two independent powered bilge pumps provided that:—

(i) one such pump may be driven from the main engine;

(ii) a ballast pump or other general service pump of adequate capacity may be used as an independent bilge pump;

(iii) a properly installed bilge ejector in combination with a power driven pump may be provided as a substitute for one independent power driven bilge pump.

(2) In every such vessel—

(a) bilge pumps shall be self-priming. Pumps, other than hand pumps of the lever type and pumps provided for peak compartments only, shall, whether operated by hand or by power, be capable of drawing water from any space required by paragraph (1) above to be drained:

(b) power bilge pumps shall be capable of giving a speed of water of not less than 2 metres per second through the main bilge pipe when its diameter is that determined by sub-paragraph 5(a) of this Rule. Each pump shall have a direct suction from the space in which it is situated, provided that not more than two direct suctions shall be required in any one space. The diameter of the direct suction shall be not less than that of the main bilge pipe. The direct suctions in the machinery space shall be so arranged that water may be pumped from each side of the space through direct suctions to independent bilge pumps;

(c) one of the sea water pumps circulating each main engine shall be fitted with emergency bilge suction connections, which shall be provided with non-return valves, to the lowest drainage level in the machinery space, or as near thereto as is reasonably practicable. In vessels powered by steam the diameter of these connections shall be at least two-thirds of that of the main sea inlet. In motor vessels these connections shall be of the same diameter as the pump inlet. Where any main circulating pump is not suitable for this purpose a direct emergency bilge suction shall be led from the largest available independent power driven pump to the drainage level of the machinery space. Such emergency suction shall be of the same diameter as the main inlet of the pump used. The capacity of the pump so connected shall exceed that of a required bilge pump by an adequate amount. The open end of such suctions or the strainer, if any, attached thereto shall be accessible for clearing. The spindles of the main sea inlet and the direct suction valves shall extend well above engine room platform level:

(d) where hand bilge pumps are fitted they shall be either rotary, semirotary or lever operated and shall be operable from above the freeboard deck, and be so arranged that the bucket and tail valve can be withdrawn at all times.

(3) In every such vessel distribution boxes, valves and cocks fitted in bilge pumping systems shall be in accessible positions.

(4) In every such vessel—

(a) pipes from the pumps for draining hold spaces or any part of the machinery space shall be independent of pipes which may be used for filling or emptying spaces in which water or oil is carried;

(b) bilge pipes in boiler or machinery spaces including spaces in which oil settling tanks or oil fuel pumping units are situated shall be of steel or other equivalent material;

(c) bilge suction pipes shall not be led through double bottom tanks unless they are of heavy gauge steel construction with a minimum number of joints and shall be tested after fitting to a pressure of 3.5 kilogrammes force per square centimetre;

(d) bilge suction pipes shall be fitted with flanged joints and shall be properly secured in position and provided with expansion joints or bends. Pipes situated in fish holds, chain lockers or other positions where they are liable to damage shall be adequately protected.

(5) In every such vessel—

(a) the internal diameter of main and branch bilge suction pipes shall be determined to the nearest 5 millimetres by the following formulae:

where d m = internal diameter of the main bilge suction pipes in millimetres;

d b = internal diameter of the branch bilge suction pipes in millimetres;

L = Principal Length of vessel in metres;

B = Principal Breadth of vessel in metres;

D = Principal Depth of vessel in metres;

C = Length of compartment in metres;

(b) the inside diameter of the bilge main and bilge suction directly connected to the pump shall be not less than 50 millimetres;

(c) bilge and ballast pumping systems shall be so arranged as to prevent water passing from the sea or from water ballast spaces into holds or into machinery spaces or from one watertight compartment to another. The bilge connection to any pump which draws from the sea or from water ballast spaces shall be fitted with either a non-return valve or a cock which cannot be opened simultaneously either to the bilges and to the sea or to bilges and water ballast spaces. Valves in bilge distribution boxes shall be of a non-return type;

(d) any bilge pipes piercing a collision bulkhead shall be fitted with a screw-down valve at the bulkhead with remote control from above the deck at which the bulkhead terminates, with an indicator showing the position of the valve. If the valve is fitted on the after side of the bulkhead and is readily accessible under all service conditions the remote control may be dispensed with.

(6) In every such vessel bilge suctions in the machinery space shall be led from readily accessible mud boxes placed wherever practicable above the level of the working floor of the space. The boxes shall have straight tailpipes to the bilges and covers secured in such a manner as will permit them to be readily opened and closed. The suction ends in hold spaces and tunnel wells shall be enclosed in strum boxes having perforations approximately 10 millimetres in diameter, and the combined area of such perforations shall be not less than twice that of the suction pipe. Strum boxes shall be so constructed that they can be cleared without breaking any joint of the suction pipe.

(7) In every such vessel—

(a) subject to the requirements of sub-paragraph (b) below, the tanks forming part of the structure of the vessel and all watertight compartments, not being part of the machinery space, shall be provided with efficient sounding arrangements which shall be protected where necessary against damage. Where such arrangements consist of sounding pipes, a thick steel doubling plate shall be securely fixed below each sounding pipe for the sounding rod to strike upon. All such sounding pipes shall extend in readily accessible positions above the vessel's freeboard deck;

(b) sounding pipes for bilges, coffer dams and double bottom tanks being bilges, coffer dams and tanks situated in the machinery space, shall extend to readily accessible positions above the vessel's freeboard deck unless the upper ends of the pipes are accessible in ordinary circumstances and are furnished with cocks having parallel plugs with permanently secured handles so loaded that on being released they automatically close the cocks. Sounding pipes for bilges shall not be less than 65 millimetres in diameter.

Section 37 Requirements for vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length

(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) below every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply shall be provided with:—

(a) efficient means of draining any compartment, other than a compartment appropriated for the storage of oil or fresh water, when the vessel is upright or is listed not more than five degrees either way. A centre line suction shall be provided in the engine room and in the fish hold to the lowest drainage level of the compartment.

Provided that:—

(i) if the vessel is divided into watertight compartments the bilge suctions and means of drainage shall be so arranged that any water entering any main watertight compartment can be pumped out through at least one bilge suction situated in such a compartment;

(ii) if the vessel is not divided into watertight compartments the means of drainage shall be so arranged that any water entering the vessel can drain to at least one bilge suction;

(b) not less than two bilge pumps—

(i) having a total capacity of not less than 455 litres per minute if the vessel is 20 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length. At least one such pump shall be a power pump having a capacity of not less than 230 litres per minute. Where two power pumps are provided each pump shall be independently driven;

(ii) having a total capacity of not less than 275 litres per minute if the vessel is 15 metres in length and over but less than 20 metres in length. At least one such pump shall be a power pump having a capacity of not less than 140 litres per minute. Where two power pumps are provided each pump shall be independently driven;

(iii) one of which shall be a hand pump if the vessel is less than 15 metres in length. Each pump shall have a capacity of not less than 90 litres per minute.

(2) In any such vessel a properly installed bilge ejector in combination with a power driven pump may be provided as a substitute for one power driven bilge pump.

(3) In any such vessel a general service pump of sufficient capacity may be used as an independent bilge pump. Where more than one pump is installed one of the bilge pumps may be driven from the main engine.

(4) In every such vessel—

(a) bilge pumps shall be self-priming. Pumps other than hand pumps of the lever type shall, whether operated by hand or power, be capable of drawing water from any space required by sub-paragraph (1)(a) above;

(b) bilge pumps may be arranged for automatic starting provided that the bilge pumping system is fit for its intended purpose;

(c) where hand operated bilge pumps are fitted they shall be either rotary, semi-rotary or lever operated and shall be operable from the freeboard deck and shall be so arranged that the bucket and tail valve can be withdrawn for examination and overhaul at all times.

(5) In every such vessel distribution boxes, valves and cocks fitted in bilge pumping systems shall be in accessible positions.

(6) In every such vessel—

(a) pipes from the pumps for draining hold spaces or any part of the machinery space shall be independent of pipes which may be used for filling or emptying spaces in which water or oil is carried;

(b) bilge pipes shall be of steel or other suitable material having flanged or screwed joints, provided that flexible piping, if accessible for inspection and jointed with suitable clamps, may be installed where necessary.

(7) In every such vessel—

(a) if the vessel is 15 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length bilge branch suction pipes shall be not less than 50 millimetres inside diameter;

(b) if the vessel is less than 15 metres in length bilge branch suction pipes shall be not less than 38 millimetres inside diameter;

(c) where a bilge main is fitted the cross sectional area of the bilge main shall be at least equal to the aggregate cross sectional area of the two largest branch suctions connected to the bilge main;

(d) bilge pumping systems shall be arranged in accordance with Rule 36(5)(c) of these Rules. Non-return valves shall be fitted in the discharge lines of hand operated bilge pumps unless the pumps are of suitable design and discharge directly onto the deck.

(8) In every such vessel bilge suctions shall be fitted with readily accessible strainers. The total area of the perforation in the strainer shall be not less than twice the cross sectional area of the bilge pipe.

Section 38 General

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply electrical equipment and installations including any electrical means of propulsion shall be such that the vessel and all persons on board are protected against electrical hazards.

Section 39 Distribution systems

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply main and emergency switchboards shall be suitably guarded and so arranged as to provide easy access without danger to any person. Adequate non-conducting mats or gratings shall be provided. Exposed parts which may have a voltage between conductors or to earth exceeding 250 volts direct current or 55 volts alternating current shall not be installed on the face of any switch-board or control panel.

(2) In every such vessel hull return shall not be used for the power, heat and light distribution systems.

(3) In every such vessel where two or more generating sets may be in operation at the same time for providing the auxiliary services essential for the propulsion and safety of the vessel each generator shall be arranged to supply such essential services and means shall be provided to trip automatically sufficient non-essential load when the total current exceeds the connected generator capacity.

(4) In every such vessel cable systems and electrical equipment shall be so installed as to reduce interference with radio reception to a minimum.

Section 40 Electrical precautions

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply electrical equipment shall be so constructed and installed that there will be no danger to any person handling it in a proper manner.

(a) Subject to sub-paragraph (b) below, where electrical equipment is to be operated at a voltage in excess of 55 volts the exposed metal parts of such equipment which are not intended to have a voltage above that of earth, but which may have such a voltage under fault conditions, shall be earthed;

(b) exposed metal parts of portable electrical lamps, tools and similar apparatus, to be operated at a voltage in excess of 55 volts shall be earthed through a conductor in the supply cable unless, by the use of double insulation or a suitable isolating transformer, protection at least as effective as earthing through a conductor is provided.

(2) In every such vessel every fixed electrical cable shall be of a flame retarding type. All metal sheaths and armour of any electric cable shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed. Electric cable which is neither metal sheathed nor armoured shall, if installed where its failure might cause a fire or explosion, be effectively protected.

(3) In every such vessel wiring shall be supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing or other damage.

(4) In every such vessel joints in all electrical conductors except those in low voltage communications circuits shall be made only in junction or outlet boxes or by a suitable method such that it retains the original mechanical, flame retarding and electrical properties of the cable. Junction or outlet boxes shall be so constructed as to confine the spread of fire.

(5) In every such vessel lighting fittings shall be so arranged that the rise in temperature will not damage the associated wiring or cause a fire risk in the surrounding materials.

(6) In every such vessel electrical circuits, other than a circuit which operates the vessel's steering gear, shall be protected against overload and short circuit. There shall be clearly and permanently indicated on or near each overload protective device the current carrying capacity of the circuit which it protects and the rating or setting of the device.

(7) In every such vessel electrical equipment shall not be installed in spaces where flammable mixtures are liable to accumulate unless it is of a type which will not cause ignition.

(8) In every such vessel every lighting circuit terminating in a bunker or hold shall be provided with an isolating switch positioned outside that bunker or hold.

Section 41 Requirements for vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

(1) In every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where electric power is the only power for maintaining auxiliary services essential for the propulsion or safety of the vessel there shall be provided two or more generating sets of such power that the aforesaid services can be operated when any one of the sets is out of service.

(2) In every such vessel where the main source of electric power is situated below the uppermost continuous deck and within the machinery casings there shall be provided outside the machinery casings a self-contained emergency source of electric power so arranged as to ensure its functioning in the event of failure by reason of fire or otherwise of the main electrical installation.

(3) In every such vessel where the main source of electric power is situated above the uppermost continuous deck and outside the machinery casings such source of power shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least 3 hours the services indicated in paragraph (5) below in addition to any other electrical load.

(4) In any such vessel where properly installed electric navigation lights supplied from the emergency source of power are provided in addition to the normal navigation lights oil navigation lights need not be carried.

(5) Subject to paragraph (9) below, in every such vessel the emergency source of electric power shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least three hours the following services:—

(a) the general alarm if electrically operated;

(b) the watertight doors if they are electrically or electro-hydraulically operated and their indicators and the warning signals if electrically operated;

(c) emergency lights at launching stations and over-side, in all alleyways, stairways and exits, in the machinery spaces and in the place where the emergency source of electric power, if any, is situated; and in control stations for radio, navigation or other services essential to the safety of the vessel;

(d) emergency navigation lights fitted in accordance with paragraph (4) above, communication equipment, fire detecting systems and signals which may be required in an emergency, and the daylight signaling lamp.

(6) In every such vessel the emergency source of electric power shall be either accumulator (storage) batteries capable of supplying the services set out in paragraph (5) above without being recharged or suffering an excessive voltage drop, or a generator driven by internal combustion type machinery with an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements. The fuel provided for such machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 43°C. (Closed Test).

(7) In every such vessel the emergency source of electric power shall be so arranged that it will operate efficiently when the vessel is listed 221/2 degrees either way and when the trim of the vessel is 10 degrees from a level keel.

(8) In every such vessel adequate means shall be provided for the regular testing of the emergency source of electric power and its associated circuits.

(9) In any vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over but less than 45 metres in length to which these Rules apply adequate alternative means of supply for the emergency lighting systems set out in sub-paragraph (5)(c) above may be installed.

Section 42 Requirements for vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply where electric power is the only means for maintaining auxiliary services essential for the safety of the vessel there shall be provided at least two independent sources of electric power, one of which may be main engine driven. Such auxiliary services shall be capable of being operated when any one of the sources of electric power is out of operation.

(2) In every such vessel the alternative source of electric power required by this Rule shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least 3 hours the following services:—

(a) the vessel's emergency lights in stairways and exits, in the machinery space and wheelhouse and at the liferaft storage position;

(b) emergency communications and signals equipment if they are operated from the vessel's main source of electric power;

(c) the daylight signalling lamp if it is operated by the vessel's main source of electric power.

(3) In any such vessel the alternative source of electric power may be accumulator (storage) batteries capable of supplying the services set out in paragraph (2) above without being recharged or suffering an excessive voltage drop.

(4) In every such vessel the alternative source of electric power shall be so arranged that it will operate efficiently when the vessel is listed 22 1/2 degrees either way and when the trim of the vessel is 10 degrees from a level keel.

(5) In every such vessel adequate means shall be provided for the regular testing of the alternative source of electric power and its associated circuits.

(6) In any such vessel adequate alternative means of supply for the emergency lighting systems set out in paragraph (2)(a) above may be installed.

Section 43 Accumulator (storage) batteries and associated charging equipment

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where accumulator batteries provide the auxiliary electric power such batteries shall, together with dynamos or alternating current generators, be of sufficient capacity to provide an adequate reserve of electric power under all foreseeable service conditions. The batteries, their means of charging, charging voltage and current protection arrangements shall be effective and fit for their intended service.

(2) In every such vessel not less than two dynamos or two alternating current generators each being capable of supplying sufficient auxiliary power for the safety of the vessel and maintaining the charge rate for the vessel's batteries shall be provided as a means of charging those batteries. Dynamos or alternating current generators may be driven by the main engine, subject to compliance with the provisions of paragraph (6) below.

(3) In every such vessel the output of any dynamo or alternating current generator driven by a variable speed engine shall be based on the lowest operational speed of the engine. Throughout the entire operating engine speed range the dynamo or alternating current generator shall operate within its safe speed range.

(4) In every such vessel accumulator (storage) batteries shall be housed in boxes, trays or compartments which are constructed to provide protection of the batteries from damage and ventilated to reduce the accumulation of explosive gas to a minimum. Where fans are fitted in exhaust ducts from compartments assigned principally to the storage of batteries they shall be of a flameproof type. Electrical arrangements liable to are shall not be installed in any compartment used principally for the storage of accumulator batteries. Lead acid and nickel alkaline batteries shall not be housed in the same space.

(5) In every such vessel where accumulator batteries are used for starting the main engine not less than two batteries shall be available and each battery shall be capable of supplying adequate starting power and shall be of sufficient capacity to start the main engine or engines not less than twelve times successively if the engine is reversible or not less than six times successively if the engine is non-reversible, unless alternative means of starting are provided.

(6) In every vessel of 19 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply one battery charging dynamo or alternating current generator shall be driven by an independent prime mover.

Section 44 Watertight doors

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply the number of doors fitted in any watertight bulkhead shall be as few as reasonably practicable and every such door shall be efficiently constructed and be watertight when closed.

(2) In every such vessel subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) below doors of the sliding type, whether controlled manually or otherwise, shall be operable by efficient gear both at the door itself and from an accessible position above the weather deck and the remote controls for such operation shall be situated outside the compartment containing the door unless such a position is inconsistent with the efficient arrangement of the necessary gearing.

(3) In every such vessel where there is access from the lower part of a machinery space to a watertight shaft tunnel the access opening shall be provided with a sliding watertight door which shall be capable of being operated from each side of the door itself.

(4) In every such vessel means shall be provided at remote operating positions to indicate when a sliding door is closed.

(5) In every such vessel doors of the hinged type shall be capable of being operated from each side of the door itself.

(6) In every such vessel all doors shall be capable of being efficiently operated when the vessel is listed up to 15 degrees either way.

Section 45 Steering gear—vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over fitted with rudders

(1) Every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall be fitted with efficient main steering gear, which shall be power operated in vessels over 45 metres in length, and efficient auxiliary steering gear. No auxiliary steering gear shall be required where suitable duplicate steering gear power units and their connections are fitted in a satisfactory manner and—

(a) each power unit complies with the requirements of paragraph (2)(b) below;

(b) each power unit enables the steering gear to meet the requirements of paragraph (2)(a) below.

(2) In every such vessel—

(a) the main steering gear, rudder and associated fittings shall be adequate to steer the vessel at maximum ahead service speed and shall be so designed that they are not damaged at maximum astern speed or by maneouvring during fishing operations;

(b) the auxiliary steering gear shall be capable of being brought rapidly into action and shall be adequate to enable the vessel to be steered at navigable speed.

(3) In every such vessel, the main steering gear shall be capable of putting the rudder over from 35° on one side to 30° on the other in 30 seconds when the vessel is at maximum ahead service speed with the rudder totally submerged and, if manually operated, shall be designed to prevent violent recoil of the steering wheel.

(4) Every such vessel shall be so constructed that the person steering from the main wheelhouse control position has a clear view ahead.

(5) Every such vessel which is fitted with power operated steering gear shall have a rudder position indicator in the wheelhouse.

Section 46 Steering gear—vessels of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length fitted with rudders

(1) Every vessel of 12 metres in length and over but less than 24.4 metres in length to which these Rules apply shall be provided with efficient main steering gear and auxiliary means of steering.

(2) In every such vessel—

(a) the main steering gear including the rudder and associated fittings shall be of adequate strength and capable of steering the vessel at maximum ahead service speed and shall be so designed that they are not damaged at maximum astern speed or by maneouvring during fishing operations;

(b) the auxiliary means of steering shall be capable of being brought rapidly into action and shall enable the vessel to be steered at a navigable speed.

(3) In every such vessel the main steering gear shall be capable of turning the rudder from 35° on one side to 30° on the other in 30 seconds when the vessel is at navigable speed and from 20° on one side to 20° on the other in 30 seconds when the vessel is at maximum service speed, with the rudder totally submerged.

(4) Every such vessel shall be so constructed that the person steering has a clear view ahead when at the principal steering station.

(5) Every such vessel which is fitted with power operated steering gear shall have a rudder position indicator in the wheelhouse.

Section 47 Steering gear—vessels of 12 metres in length and over fitted with steering devices other than rudders

In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply which is fitted with a steering device other than a rudder the construction and operation of such a device shall be adequate and suitable for its intended purpose.

Section 48 Electrical and Electro-hydraulic steering gear

(1) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where electrical or electro-hydraulic steering gear is fitted, indicators shall be provided which will show when the power units of such steering gear are in operation. These indicators shall be situated in the machinery control room or other suitable positions and in the wheelhouse.

(2) In every vessel of 45 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply—

(a) electrical and electro-hydraulic steering gear shall be served by two circuits fed from the main switchboard, one of which may pass through an emergency switchboard if one is provided. Each circuit shall have adequate capacity for supplying all the motors which are normally connected to it and which operate simultaneously. Where transfer arrangements are provided in the steering gear room to permit either circuit to supply any motor or combination of motors, the capacity of each circuit shall be adequate for the most severe load condition. The circuits shall be separated as far apart as is reasonably practicable throughout their length;

(b) short circuit protection only shall be provided for such circuits and motors.

(3) In every vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply where electric power is the only source of power for both main and auxiliary steering gear the provisions of paragraph (2) above shall apply except that where auxiliary steering gear is powered by a motor primarily intended for other services suitable overload protection may be fitted.

Section 49 Communication between wheelhouse and engine room—vessels of 24.4 metres in length and over

Every vessel of 24.4 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply shall be provided with two separate means of communicating orders from the wheelhouse to the engine room control platform. One of the means shall be an engine room telegraph except where the means of propulsion are directly controlled from the wheelhouse.

Section 50 Controllable pitch propellers

Where any vessel of 12 metres in length and over to which these Rules apply is equipped with a controllable pitch propeller the propeller and its control gear shall be adequate having regard to the intended service of the vessel.