The Income Tax (Pay As You Earn) Regulations 2003

• Citation: S.I. 2003/2682
• Sections: 480

Section 1 Citation and commencement

These Regulations may be cited as The Income Tax (Pay As You Earn) Regulations 2003 and shall come into force on 6th April 2004.

Section 2 Interpretation

(1) In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires—

“additional pay” means the appropriate amount, established from an employee’s code (where it is a K code not used on the cumulative basis) and the tax tables, to be added to the relevant payments made to an employee in order to determine the taxable payments;

“additional rate” in relation to the charging of income tax for any tax year, means the rate of income tax determined under section 6(2) of ITA , except where the employee is a Welsh taxpayer where it means the Welsh additional rate of income tax calculated under section 6B of that Act ...;

“agency” has the meaning given in section 44 of ITEPA ;

“agency worker” means a worker who is treated by section 44 of ITEPA as holding an employment with the agency for income tax purposes;

“approved method of electronic communications” has the meaning given in regulation 189;

“basic rate”, in relation to the charging of income tax for any tax year, means the rate of income tax determined under section 6(2) of ITA, except where —

the employee is a Scottish taxpayer where it means the Scottish basic rate of income tax set by a Scottish rate resolution of the Scottish Parliament under section 80C of the Scotland Act 1998, or

the employee is a Welsh taxpayer where it means the Welsh basic rate of income tax calculated under section 6B of ITA

“Board of Inland Revenue” means the Commissioners of Inland Revenue (as to which see in particular the Inland Revenue Regulation Act 1890 );

“the client” has the meaning given in section 44 of ITEPA , and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“closed tax year” means any tax year preceding the current year, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“code” and related expressions have the meanings given in regulation 7;

“combined amount” means an amount which includes tax due under these regulations and one or more of the following—

earnings-related contributions due under the SSC Regulations;

amounts due under the Income Tax (Construction Industry Scheme) Regulations 2005;

payments of repayments of student loans due under the Student Loan Regulations;

apprenticeship levy due under these Regulations;

“cumulative basis” means the basis of deduction or repayment of tax provided for in regulation 23;

“deductions working sheet” means—

any form of record in which are to be kept the matters required by these Regulations in connection with an employee’s relevant payments and tax;

...

“earnings” has the meaning given in sections 62 and 721(7) of ITEPA;

“electronic communications” has the meaning given in regulation 189;

“employee’s code” has the meaning given in regulation 8(1);

“employer reference” means the combination of letters, numbers or both used by the Inland Revenue to identify an employer for the purposes of these Regulations;

“employer’s PAYE reference”, in relation to an employer, means the combination of the employer’s employer reference and the Inland Revenue office number;

“employment”, subject to regulations 10 to 12, has the meaning given in sections 4 and 5 of ITEPA; and “employer” and “employee” have corresponding meanings;

“employment intermediary” has the meaning given in section 716B(2) of ITEPA ;

“excluded business expenses” has the meaning given in regulation 5;

“family” and “family or household”, in relation to a person, have the meanings given in section 721(4) and (5) of ITEPA;

“free pay” means the appropriate amount, established from an employee’s code (where not used on the cumulative basis) and the tax tables, to be subtracted from relevant payments to arrive at taxable payments (and accordingly represents an appropriate part of reliefs allowable against those payments);

“general earnings” has the meaning given in section 7(3) of ITEPA;

“higher rate”, in relation to the charging of income tax for any tax year, means the rate of income tax determined under section 6(2) of ITA , except where the employee is a Welsh taxpayer where it means the Welsh higher rate of income tax determined under section 6B of that Act ... ;

“ HMRC ” means Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs;

“ ICTA ” means the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 ;

“Inland Revenue” means HMRC ;

“Inland Revenue office”, in relation to an employer, means the office of the Inland Revenue from which codes are normally issued to the employer;

“Inland Revenue office number” means the number which identifies an employer’s Inland Revenue office;

“ ITA ” means the Income Tax Act 2007;

“ITEPA” means the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 ;

“large employer” has the meaning given in regulation 198A;

“lower earnings limit” means the lower earnings limit for Class 1 contributions for the purposes of section 5(1) of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992;

“national insurance number” means the national insurance number allocated within the meaning of regulation 9 of the Social Security (Crediting and Treatment of Contributions, and National Insurance Numbers) Regulations 2001 ;

“net PAYE income” has the meaning given in regulation 3;

“non-cumulative basis” means the basis of deduction of tax provided for in regulation 27;

“non-Real Time Information employer” means an employer other than one within regulation 2A;

“non-Real Time Information pension payer” means a pension payer other than one within regulation 2B;

“notice” means as follows and “notify” must be read accordingly—

notice in writing, or in a form authorised (in relation to the case in question) by directions under section 118 of the Finance Act 1998 (which allows certain claims etc to be made by telephone)

for the purposes of regulation 17 (notice to employee of code) and regulation 19 (amendment of code) notice—

by an approved method of electronic communications;

in writing (other than a notice falling within sub-paragraph (i)); or

by telephone;

“notional payment” has the meaning given in section 710(2)(a) of ITEPA;

“objects” means gives a notice of objection to the Inland Revenue;

“official computer system” has the meaning given in regulation 189;

“other payee” means a person receiving relevant payments in a capacity other than employee, agency worker or pensioner;

“other payer” means a person making relevant payments in a capacity other than employer, agency or pension payer;

“overriding limit” means the limit on the amount of tax to be deducted from a relevant payment and is an amount equal to 50% of the amount of the relevant payment;

“PAYE income” has the meaning given in section 683 of ITEPA;

“PAYE pension income” has the meaning given in section 683(3) of ITEPA;

“PAYE threshold” must be determined in accordance with regulation 9;

“payee” means an employee, agency worker, pensioner or other payee;

“payer” means an employer, agency, pension payer or other payer;

“pension” means a pension, annuity or other payments of PAYE pension income;

“pensioner” means a person receiving PAYE pension income;

“pension payer” means a person making payments of PAYE pension income;

“ PSA ” means a PAYE settlement agreement made in accordance with regulation 105;

“qualifying general earnings”, in relation to a PSA, has the meaning given in regulation 106;

“qualifying payment” means a payment which becomes retrospective employment income as a relevant payment (including a notional payment);

“Real Time Information employer” has the meaning given in regulation 2A;

“Real Time Information pension payer” has the meaning given in regulation 2B;

...

“relevant payments” has the meaning given in regulation 4;

“relevant pension payments” has the meaning given in regulation 6;

“the relevant time”, in relation to retrospective employment income, has the meaning given by section 710(7) of ITEPA , as modified by subsection (7A) of that section, but subject to section 94(5)(c) of the Finance Act 2006;

“reliefs from income tax” includes allowances and deductions;

“retrospective contributions regulations” has the meaning given by regulation 1(2) of the SSC Regulations;

“retrospective employment income” means payments which are retrospectively treated as payments of employment income by virtue of a retrospective tax provision;

“retrospective tax provision” means a provision of the Income Tax Acts charging to income tax amounts of employment income paid before the enactment containing the provision was passed;

“Scottish basic rate” means the Scottish basic rate of income tax for a tax year set by a Scottish rate resolution of the Scottish Parliament under section 80C of the Scotland Act 1998;

“Scottish lower rate” means any rate of income tax for a tax year set by a Scottish rate resolution of the Scottish Parliament under section 80C of the Scotland Act 1998 which is lower than the Scottish basic rate for that tax year

...

“Scottish taxpayer” has the same meaning as in section 989 of ITA (the definitions);

“Scottish upper rate” means any rate of income tax for a tax year set by a Scottish rate resolution of the Scottish Parliament under section 80C of the Scotland Act 1998 which is higher than the Scottish basic rate for that tax year;

“ secondary threshold ” means the secondary threshold for Class 1 contributions for the purposes of section 5(1) of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992;

“seconded expatriate” means an employee meeting one of the following descriptions—

an employee in section 689 of ITEPA (employee of non-UK employer); or

an employee in a branch of an employer where—

these Regulations would not apply to that employer but for that branch,

the employer seconded the employee to that branch, and

the employee was not employed in the United Kingdom immediately before the secondment;

“specified date” for the purposes of Chapter 3 of Part 10, has the meaning given in regulation 198A;

“SSC Regulations” means the Social Security (Contributions) Regulations 2001;

...

“ Student Loan Regulations ” means the Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations 2009 or, in Northern Ireland, the Education (Student Loans) (Repayment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009;

“taxable payments” means relevant payments reduced by free pay or, as the case may be, increased by additional pay (where the employee’s code is not used on the cumulative basis);

“tax month” means the period beginning on the 6th day of a calendar month and ending on the 5th day of the following calendar month;

“tax not deducted because of the overriding limit” means any tax—

which is due at the relevant date in accordance with the appropriate tax tables in respect of any taxable payments or total taxable payments to date, but

which has not been deducted because of the overriding limit;

“tax period” means—

tax quarter, if ... regulation 70 (quarterly tax periods) applies, or

tax month, in every other case;

“tax quarter” means any of the following (inclusive) periods—

6th April to 5th July,

6th July to 5th October,

6th October to 5th January, and

6th January to 5th April;

“tax tables” means the tax tables prepared by the Board of Inland Revenue under section 685 of ITEPA ;

“tax week” means 6th April to 12th April (inclusive) and each successive period of 7 days, except that the final tax week in a tax year (“Week 53”) is just the last day of the tax year (or last 2 days in a leap year);

“tax year” means a year for which any Act provides for income tax to be charged;

“ TMA ” means the Taxes Management Act 1970 ;

“total additional pay to date” means the appropriate amount, established from an employee’s code (where it is a K code to be used on the cumulative basis) and the tax tables, to be added to the total payments to date in order to determine the total taxable payments to date;

“total free pay to date”, in relation to any date, means the appropriate amount, established from an employee’s code (where used on the cumulative basis) and the tax tables, to be subtracted from total payments to date to arrive at total taxable payments to date (and accordingly represents an appropriate part of reliefs allowable against those payments);

“total net tax deducted”, in relation to the relevant payments made to an employee during any period, means the total tax deducted from those payments plus any tax accounted for in accordance with regulation 62(5) (notional payments), less any tax repaid to the employee;

“total payments to date”, in relation to any date, means the sum of all relevant payments made by the employer to the employee from the beginning of the tax year up to and including that date;

“total tax to date” means the tax due at any date in accordance with the appropriate tax tables in respect of any total taxable payments to date;

“total taxable payments to date” means total payments to date reduced by total free pay to date or, as the case may be, increased by total additional pay to date (where the employee’s code is used on the cumulative basis);

“trade dispute” has the meaning given in section 35(1) of the Jobseekers Act 1995 or, in Northern Ireland, in article 2(2) of the Jobseekers (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 .

“tribunal” means the First-tier Tribunal or, where determined by or under Tribunal Procedure Rules, the Upper Tribunal.

“United Kingdom continental shelf” means the area designated under section 1(7) of the Continental Shelf Act 1964.

“Welsh rate” means a rate set by the National Assembly for Wales for the tax year under section 116D of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (income tax);

“Welsh taxpayer” has the same meaning as in section 116E of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (Welsh taxpayers).

(2) References in these Regulations to income tax in respect of PAYE income (however expressed) are references to income tax in respect of that income if reasonable assumptions are, when necessary, made about other income.

Section 2A Real Time Information employers

(1) The following are Real Time Information employers—

(a) an employer who has entered into an agreement with HMRC to comply with the provisions of these Regulations which are expressed as relating to Real Time Information employers,

(b) an employer within paragraph (2),

(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and

(d) on and after 6th October 2013, all employers , except employers within paragraph (3) .

(2) An employer is within this paragraph if the employer has been given a general or specific direction by the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs before 6th October 2013 to deliver to HMRC returns under regulation 67B (real time returns of information about relevant payments).

(3) An employer is within this paragraph if the employer—

(a) has an existing special arrangement under regulation 141 (direct collection and special arrangements), and

(b) has not been given a direction under paragraph (2) by the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.

Section 2B Real Time Information pension payers

(1) The following are Real Time Information pension payers—

(a) a pension payer who has entered into an agreement with HMRC to comply with the provisions of these Regulations which are expressed as relating to Real Time Information pension payers or Real Time Information employers,

(b) a pension payer within paragraph (2),

(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) on and after 6th October 2013, all pension payers.

(2) A pension payer is within this paragraph if the pension payer has been given a general or specific direction by the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs before 6th October 2013 to deliver to HMRC returns under regulation 67B (real time returns of information about relevant payments).

Section 3 Net PAYE income

(1) “Net PAYE income” means PAYE income less any—

(a) allowable pension contributions, and

(b) allowable donations to charity.

(2) In paragraph (1)—

allowable pension contributions“ means any contribution under a registered pension scheme which is withheld from the payment of PAYE income which is allowed to be deducted from employment income by the sponsoring employer under section 193(2) of the Finance Act 2004 (relief under net pay arrangements);

“registered pension scheme” and “sponsoring employer” have the meanings given by section 150(2) and (6) respectively, of the Finance Act 2004.

“allowable donations to charity” means any donation which is withheld from the payment of PAYE income and for which a deduction must be allowed under section 713 of ITEPA (donations to charity: payroll deduction scheme).

Section 4 Relevant payments

(1) In these Regulations, any reference (however expressed) to relevant payments means payments of, or on account of, net PAYE income, except payments of, or on account of,—

(a) PAYE social security income, except in so far as it is provided for in Part 8,

(b) United Kingdom social security pensions,

(c) excluded relocation expenses,

(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(e) excluded pecuniary liabilities, and

(f) excluded notional payments.

(2) In paragraph (1)—

...

“excluded notional payments” means notional payments which an employer is treated as making by section 694 or 695 of ITEPA (non-cash vouchers and credit tokens) as a result of an employee using a non-cash voucher or credit token on behalf of the employer, except where the voucher or token is used as, or as part of, any scheme or arrangement the purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is—

to provide the employee with money or an asset, or

to avoid the making of a relevant payment;

“excluded pecuniary liabilities” means payments made to a person other than an employee to meet the employee’s liability to that other person, but which are not made—

in fulfilment (in whole or in part) of the employee’s right to a sum of money, nor

as, or as part of, any scheme or arrangement the purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is to avoid the making of a relevant payment;

“excluded relocation expenses” means payments in respect of removal expenses, as defined by section 272 of ITEPA (removal benefits and expenses to which section 271 applies), if, and to the extent that, they are payments of net PAYE income;

“PAYE social security income” has the meaning given in section 683(5) of ITEPA;

“United Kingdom social security pensions” means income which is taxable income in accordance with section 578 of ITEPA ( UK social security pensions).

Section 5 Excluded business expenses

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 6 Relevant pension payments

In these Regulations, any reference (however expressed) to relevant pension payments means relevant payments in respect of PAYE pension income.

Section 7 Meaning of “code” etc

(1) In these Regulations, “code” means—

(a) a combination of letters, numbers or both for use in accordance with the tax tables to establish free pay, additional pay, total free pay to date or total additional pay to date;

(b) any of the special codes (whether expressed in words or represented by a combination of letters, numbers or both) for use in accordance with the tax tables or otherwise.

(2) “K code” means a code which gives rise to additional pay or total additional pay to date.

(2A) “S code” means a code which effects deductions of tax at the rates set by a Scottish rate resolution of the Scottish Parliament under section 80C of the Scotland Act 1998 .

(2B) “C code” means a code which effects deductions of tax at the rates calculated under section 6B of ITA.

(3) The special codes are—

(a) the basic rate code, which effects deductions of tax wholly at the basic rate;

(b) the higher rate code, which effects deductions of tax wholly at the higher rate;

(ba) the additional rate code, which effects deductions of tax wholly at the additional rate;

(bb) the appropriate Scottish upper rate code, which effects deductions of tax wholly at a Scottish upper rate for a Scottish taxpayer;

(c) the nil tax code, which requires no deductions of tax;

(ca) the 0T code, which without allowing for personal allowances, effects deductions of tax so that during the tax year the amounts subject to deductions are in accordance with section 10 of ITA (income charged at the basic, higher and additional rates: individuals) or section 11A of ITA (income charged at Scottish rates);

(d) the emergency code, which, after allowing for the personal allowance, effects deductions of tax at—

(i) the basic rate, or

(ii) the basic and higher rates, or

(iii) the basic, higher and additional rates

so that during the tax year the amounts subject to deductions at the rate or rates concerned are in accordance with section 10 of ITA (income charged at the basic, higher and additional rates: individuals);

(e) the emergency IB codes which, after allowing for the personal allowance and the blind person’s allowance, effect deductions at the basic rate, so that during the tax year the amounts subject to deductions at that rate are in accordance with section 10 of ITA .

(4) In paragraph (3)—

“appropriate Scottish upper rate code” means a Scottish upper rate code which effects deductions of tax from an employee who is a Scottish taxpayer at a Scottish upper rate which is considered by HMRC to apply where they have reason to believe that the employee will be chargeable at that rate on all or a substantial part of the employee’s relevant payments;

“blind person’s allowance” means an allowance claimed under either section 265 of ICTA (blind person’s allowance) or section 38 of ITA (blind person’s allowance);

“personal allowance” means an allowance claimed under either section 257(1) of ICTA (personal allowance) or section 35 of ITA (personal allowances for those aged under 65).

Section 8 Employee’s code

(1) An employee’s code is the code—

(a) issued to an employer for use in respect of the employee for a tax year,

(b) applied by these Regulations for use by an employer in respect of the employee, or

(c) issued to an employee in accordance with regulation 142 (direct collection).

(2) A code is issued to an employer if it is contained in a document that is sent—

(a) to the employer, or

(b) to a person acting on behalf of the employer,

by the Inland Revenue, and any code so issued is received by the employer for the purposes of these Regulations.

Section 9 PAYE threshold

(1) The rules set out in Table 1 apply in order to determine whether a relevant payment made by an employer to an employee is a relevant payment which exceeds the PAYE threshold.

(2) Rules 1 to 5 apply if the employer normally pays the employee at regular intervals.

(3) If the employer does not normally pay the employee at regular intervals—

(a) rule 6 applies to determine whether a relevant payment made less than a week since the previous relevant payment exceeds the PAYE threshold, and

(b) rule 7 applies to determine whether any other relevant payment exceeds the PAYE threshold.

Determination of PAYE threshold

(4) Regulations 24 and 30 (employee not paid weekly or monthly)—

(a) apply for the purpose of establishing an employee’s normal payment interval, but

(b) must otherwise be ignored for the purpose of determining whether a relevant payment exceeds the PAYE threshold.

(5) If an employee has more than one normal payment interval in respect of payments made by the same employer, the rules must be applied on the basis of the shorter or shortest of those intervals.

(6) If an employee’s normal payment interval is longer than a year, the rules must be applied as if the normal payment interval were a year.

(7) “Weekly PAYE threshold” means 1/52 of the personal allowance specified in section 257(1) of ICTA, rounded to the nearest pound.

(8) “Monthly PAYE threshold” means 1/12 of the personal allowance specified in section 257(1) of ICTA, rounded to the nearest pound.

(9) The “corresponding proportion of the weekly PAYE threshold” is established by dividing the number of days in the payment interval by 7, and multiplying the result by the weekly PAYE threshold.

Section 10 Application to agencies and agency workers

(1) For the purposes of these Regulations—

(a) agencies are treated as employers; and

(b) agency workers are treated as employees.

(2) For the purposes of the regulations listed in paragraph (3), an agency ceases to employ an agency worker at the earlier of—

(a) the end of the relationship between the agency and agency worker, or

(b) the end of a period of 3 months during which the agency makes no relevant payments to the agency worker,

and not each time the agency worker stops providing services to a client of the agency.

(3) The regulations are—

(4) The following regulations do not apply to agencies or agency workers in their capacity as such—

Section 11 Application to pension payers and pensioners

(1) For the purposes of these Regulations—

(a) pension payers are treated as employers;

(b) pensioners are treated as employees; and

(c) a pensioner’s “employment” with a pension payer starts when the pension starts and ends when the pension ends.

(2) The following regulations do not apply to pension payers or pensioners in their capacity as such—

Section 12 Application to other payers and payees

(1) For the purposes of these Regulations—

(a) other payers are treated as employers;

(b) other payees are treated as employees; and

(c) an other payee’s “employment” with an other payer starts when relevant payments start and ends when relevant payments end.

(2) The following regulations do not apply to other payers or other payees in their capacity as such—

(3) Paragraph (2) is subject to regulation 91(9) (termination awards: former employers and employees).

(4) The following regulation does not apply to other payees in their capacity as such—

Section 13 Determination of code by Inland Revenue

The Inland Revenue must determine the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year.

Section 14 Matters relevant to determination of code

(1) If the Inland Revenue determine a code under this regulation, they must have regard to the following matters so far as known to them—

(a) the reliefs from income tax to which the employee is entitled for the tax year in which the code is determined, so far as the employee’s title to those reliefs has been established at the time of the determination;

(b) any PAYE income of the employee (other than the relevant payments in relation to which the code is being determined);

(c) any tax overpaid for any previous tax year which has not been repaid;

(d) any tax remaining unpaid for any previous tax year which is not otherwise recovered;

(e) any tax repaid to the employee in excess of the amount properly due to the employee which may be recovered as if it were unpaid tax under section 30(1) of TMA (recovery of overpayment of tax etc) and which is not otherwise recovered;

(f) unless the employee objects, any other income of the employee which is not PAYE income; and

(g) such other adjustments as may be necessary to secure that, so far as possible, the tax in respect of the employee’s income in relation to which the code is determined will be deducted from the relevant payments made during that tax year.

(2) If the Inland Revenue determine the code before the beginning of the tax year for which it is determined, the Inland Revenue—

(a) must have regard to any expected change in the amount of any relief referred to in paragraph (1)(a), but

(b) may disregard any such relief if they are not satisfied that the employee will be entitled to it for the tax year for which the code is determined.

(3) Paragraphs (1)(c) and (d) are subject to regulations 186 and 187 (recovery and repayment: adjustment of employee’s code).

Section 14A Determination of code in respect of recovery of relevant debts

(1) HMRC may determine a code so as to effect recovery of all or part of a relevant debt within the meaning of section 684 of ITEPA (sums owed to HMRC ).

(2) A determination in reliance on paragraph (1) does not prevent recovery by other means (whether or not under a provision of TMA ) of all or any part of a relevant debt that is not recovered by deduction in accordance with the code (whether or not it was at any stage expected to be recovered by deduction).

(3) Sums deducted or to be deducted as a result of a determination made in reliance on paragraph (1) are to be treated, for the purposes of employers’ obligations and enforcement, in the same way as amounts of tax which the employer is liable to pay under provisions of these Regulations (so, for example, regulation 84 applies for the purposes of recovery).

(4) Sums deducted as a result of a determination made in reliance on paragraph (1) are to be treated for the purposes of interest on the relevant debt as having been paid on the first day of the tax year in respect of which the determination is made.

Section 14B Determination of code in respect of high income child benefit charge

HMRC may determine a code, if and to the extent that the payee does not object, to secure that—

(a) income tax payable for a tax year by the payee by virtue of section 681B of ITEPA (high income child benefit charge) is deducted from PAYE income of the payee paid during that year, and

(b) repayments are made in a tax year in respect of any amounts overpaid on account of income tax under that section for that tax year.

Section 14C Determination of code in respect of recovery of tax credit debts

(1) HMRC may determine a code, if and to the extent that the payee does not object, to effect the recovery of all or part of a tax credit debt.

(2) Sums deducted or to be deducted as a result of a determination made in reliance on paragraph (1) are to be treated, for the purposes of employers’ obligations and enforcement, in the same way as amounts of tax which the employer is liable to pay under provisions of these Regulations (so, for example, regulation 84 applies for the purposes of recovery).

(3) Sums deducted as a result of a determination made in reliance on paragraph (1) are to be treated for the purposes of interest on the tax credit debt as having been paid on the first day of the tax year in respect of which the determination is made.

(4) In this regulation “tax credit debt” means child tax credit or working tax credit that the payee is liable to repay to the Commissioners under or by virtue of an enactment.

Section 14D Recovery of debts: overall limit

(1) This regulation applies where HMRC determines a code under, or by reference to, one or both of the following provisions—

(a) regulation 14A(1) (determination of code in respect of recovery of relevant debts) ; or

(b) regulation 14C(1) (determination of code in respect of recovery of tax credit debts).

(2) Column 2 of Table 1A sets out the total amount of debt that may be recovered from an employee (“E”) under a code to which this regulation applies, by reference to the expected amount of PAYE income of E in the tax year for which that code is determined.

TOTAL AMOUNT OF DEBT THAT MAY BE RECOVERED

(3) In this regulation the “total amount of debt” means the sum recovered or to be recovered by virtue of a code determined under, or by reference to, one or both of regulations 14A(1) or 14C(1).

Section 15 Flat rate codes

(A1) HMRC may determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year is the additional rate code, if they have reason to believe that the employee will be chargeable at the additional rate on all or a substantial part of the employee’s relevant payments.

(1) The Inland Revenue may determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year is the higher rate code, if they have reason to believe that the employee will be chargeable at the higher rate on all or a substantial part of the employee’s relevant payments.

(2) The Inland Revenue may determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year is the basic rate code, if they have reason to believe that the employee will be chargeable at the basic rate on all or a substantial part of the employee’s relevant payments.

(2A) HMRC may determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee who is a Scottish taxpayer is an appropriate Scottish upper rate code if they have reason to believe that the employee will be chargeable at a Scottish upper rate on all or a substantial part of the employee’s relevant payments.

(3) The Inland Revenue may determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year is the nil tax code, if—

(a) the employee’s PAYE income will be taken into account as taxable income other than PAYE income in any assessment,

(b) the Inland Revenue are not satisfied that the employee’s income will be chargeable, or

(c) the Inland Revenue have reason to believe that the employee will be entitled to a deduction under Chapter 6 of Part 5 of ITEPA (deductions from seafarers' earnings) in respect of the employee’s PAYE income or so much of it as remains after any deductions under sections 188 to 195 of the Finance Act 2004 (members' contributions).

(4) References in this regulation to an employee’s relevant payments, PAYE income and income are references to the payments or income in respect of which the employee’s code is being determined for the purposes of the employment in question.

(4A) For the purposes of this regulation an “appropriate Scottish upper rate code” has the meaning given in regulation 7(4).

Section 16 Continued application of employee’s code

(1) If the Inland Revenue determine that the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee for a tax year remains the same as at the previous 5th April, the Inland Revenue need not issue a code to the employer.

(2) If for any tax year the employer does not receive a code for an employee who was in that employer’s employment on the previous 5th April, the code which applied on that date is treated as having been issued by the Inland Revenue for the tax year in question.

Section 17 Notice to employee of code

(1) The Inland Revenue must give notice to an employee of the code which they have determined for use in respect of that employee for any tax year.

(2) But notice need not be given if—

(a) the code for use in respect of the employee remains the same as at the previous 5th April; ...

(b) the change in the code is solely because of an alteration or proposed alteration—

(i) in the rates of any of the personal reliefs allowable under Chapters 2 (personal allowance etc. ) and 3 (tax reductions etc. ) of Part 3 of the Income Tax Act 2007 ; or

(ii) in the tax tables;

(c) the employee’s PAYE income is not chargeable to tax; or

(d) the employee does not have a liability to tax in respect of any PAYE income.

Section 18 Objections and appeals against employee’s code

(1) An employee who objects to the determination of a code must state the grounds of objection.

(2) On receiving the notice of objection the Inland Revenue may amend the determination of the code by agreement with the employee.

(3) If the Inland Revenue and employee do not reach agreement, the employee may appeal ... against the determination of the code by giving notice to the Inland Revenue.

(4) On an appeal that is notified to the tribunal, the tribunal must determine the code in accordance with these Regulations.

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 19 Amendment of code

(1) Paragraph (2) applies if the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee is found to be inappropriate because the actual circumstances are different from the circumstances by reference to which it was determined, whether by the Inland Revenue or the tribunal .

(2) The Inland Revenue may, and if required by the employee must, amend the code by reference to the actual circumstances.

(3) The Inland Revenue must give notice of the amended code to the employee by the date on which the notice under regulation 20(1) is issued to the employer.

(4) But notice need not be given—

(a) if the change in the code is because of an alteration or a proposed alteration—

(i) in the rates of any of the personal reliefs allowable under Chapters 2 (personal allowance etc. ) and 3 (tax reductions etc. ) of Part 3 of the Income Tax Act 2007; or

(ii) in the tax tables; or

(b) if as a consequence of any change to the code—

(i) the employee’s PAYE income is not chargeable to tax; or

(ii) the employee does not have a liability to tax in respect of any PAYE income.

(5) Regulation 18 (objections and appeals) applies in relation to the amended code as it applies in relation to the original code.

(6) Regulation 18 also applies if the Inland Revenue do not agree that the circumstances have changed and so refuse to amend the code in accordance with paragraph (2).

Section 20 Notice to employer of amended code

(1) If the code for use by an employer in respect of an employee is amended after notice of it has been issued to the employer, the Inland Revenue must issue the amended code to the employer.

(2) An amended code is issued to an employer if it is contained in a document that is sent to the employer or a person acting on behalf of the employer by the Inland Revenue, and any code so issued is received by the employer for the purposes of these Regulations.

(3) On making any subsequent relevant payment to the employee, the employer must deduct or repay tax by reference to the amended code.

(4) Paragraphs (5) and (6) apply if there is a change or proposed change in the rates of any of the personal reliefs allowable under sections 257 and 257A of ICTA (personal allowance and married couple’s allowance).

(5) If the change or proposed change relates to the current tax year, the Inland Revenue may give notice requiring the employer, with effect from the date specified in the notice, to amend specified codes as directed.

(6) If the change relates to the following tax year, the Inland Revenue may give notice requiring the employer to carry forward to the following tax year specified codes of the current tax year and adjust them as directed in the notice.

(7) A code which has—

(a) been amended by virtue of paragraph (5) in respect of the current tax year, or

(b) been carried forward to the following tax year and adjusted by virtue of paragraph (6),

is treated as having been determined and issued by the Inland Revenue as the employee’s code for that tax year.

(8) A notice under paragraphs (5) and (6) may be issued to the employer or to a person acting on behalf of the employer.

Section 21 Deduction and repayment of tax by reference to employee’s code

(1) On making a relevant payment to an employee during a tax year, an employer must deduct or repay tax in accordance with these Regulations by reference to the employee’s code, if the employer has one for the employee.

(2) The employer must deduct or repay tax by reference to the employee’s code, even if the code is the subject of an objection or appeal.

Section 22 The cumulative basis

An employer must deduct or repay tax on the cumulative basis, unless these Regulations provide otherwise.

Section 23 Cumulative basis: deduction and repayment

(1) This regulation provides for deductions and repayments on the basis of total payments to date (the cumulative basis).

(2) In this regulation—

(a) TT is the total tax to date relating to an employee;

(b) UT is any tax not deducted because of the overriding limit when the last relevant payment was made to the employee, and is nil if the payment in question is the first relevant payment to the employee in any tax year;

(c) PT is the previous total tax to date relating to the employee, and is nil if the payment in question is the first relevant payment to the employee in any tax year.

(3) The employer must, before making any relevant payment to the employee, calculate TT.

(4) If TT + UT exceeds PT, the employer must deduct the excess from the relevant payment on making the payment.

(5) But ... the deduction is not to exceed the overriding limit, subject to 62(6) (notional payments).

(6) If TT + UT is less than PT, the employer must repay the difference to the employee on making the payment, subject to regulations 25(4) (extra payment made before main payment) and 64 (trade disputes).

(7) If TT + UT equals PT, the employer must neither deduct nor repay tax when making the payment.

(8) “Previous total tax to date” means the total tax to date corresponding to the employee’s total payments to date and the employee’s code—

(a) at the date of the last preceding relevant payment, or

(b) if later, at the date on which the employer complied with this regulation as if a relevant payment had been made.

(9) But—

(a) if the employee’s code is an amended code, and

(b) the employee’s previous code was not used on the cumulative basis,

“previous total tax to date” means the total net tax deducted by the employer.

(10) Paragraphs (2)(c), (8) and (9) are subject to regulations 43(9) and (10), 52(11) and (12), 53(4) and 61(4) (which modify the meaning of previous total tax to date in certain circumstances).

Section 24 Cumulative basis: employee not paid weekly or monthly

(1) This regulation applies if—

(a) an employer normally makes main relevant payments to an employee at regular intervals which are longer than a week, other than monthly, and

(b) the employee’s code is used on the cumulative basis.

(2) The first main relevant payment in a tax year is treated for the purposes of calculating the deduction or repayment of tax as having been made at the end the period which—

(a) starts on the first day of the tax year, and

(b) finishes at the end of the employee’s normal regular payment interval.

(3) Subsequent main relevant payments in the tax year are treated for the purposes of calculating the deduction or repayment of tax as having been made at the end of the period which—

(a) starts the day after the date on which the previous main relevant payment is treated as having been made (by paragraph (2) or this paragraph), and

(b) finishes at the end of the employee’s normal regular payment interval or the last day of the tax year (if earlier).

(4) If the employee’s main relevant payments are normally made at regular intervals which are longer than a year, any such payment in a tax year is treated, for the purposes of calculating the deduction or repayment of tax, as made on the last day of that tax year.

(5) But, in every case, the employer must record the actual date of every payment in the deductions working sheet.

(6) This regulation does not apply if the payment falls within regulation 31(1) (payments in short payment periods).

Section 25 Cumulative basis: subsidiary PAYE income of employee paid weekly or at greater intervals

(1) This regulation applies if—

(a) an employee’s main relevant payments are normally made at regular intervals of a week or more,

(b) the employee’s code is used on the cumulative basis, and

(c) the employer makes a payment in respect of overtime or other extra earnings (the “extra payment”).

(2) For the purposes of calculating the deduction or repayment of tax, the extra payment is treated as made on the same date as that on which the main relevant payment in the payment period is due to be paid or is due to be treated as paid by regulation 24 (employee not paid weekly or monthly).

(3) But paragraph (4) applies if the extra payment is actually made before the date on which the main relevant payment in the payment period is due to be paid (disregarding the effects of regulation 24).

(4) A repayment which would (but for this paragraph) be due under regulation 23(6) on making the extra payment must not be paid to the employee, but must instead be added to the previous total tax (as defined by regulation 23(8)) on making the next relevant payment.

(5) This regulation does not apply if the extra payment is made in a short payment period (but regulation 31 applies instead if that period contains an extra pay day).

(6) “Payment period”—

(a) in the case of an employee normally paid weekly, means a tax week,

(b) in the case of an employee normally paid monthly, means a tax month,

(c) in the case of an employee normally paid at other regular intervals, has the meaning given in paragraph (7).

(7) In the case mentioned in paragraph (6)(c)—

(a) the first payment period in a tax year starts on 6th April and finishes at the end of the employee’s normal regular payment interval, and

(b) subsequent payment periods in the tax year start the day after the end of the previous payment period and finish—

(i) at the end of the employee’s normal regular payment interval, or

(ii) on 5th April (if earlier).

(8) “Short payment period” means the last payment period in a tax year if, because of paragraph (7)(b)(ii), it is shorter than the previous payment periods.

(9) “Extra pay day” has the meaning given in regulation 31(4).

Section 26 The non-cumulative basis

(1) An employer must deduct tax in accordance with regulation 27 (the non-cumulative basis) from any relevant payment made to an employee if—

(a) the Inland Revenue direct, or

(b) these Regulations provide,

that the non-cumulative basis is to apply.

(2) If this regulation applies then regulation 22 (cumulative basis) does not apply.

Section 27 Non-cumulative basis: general rule for deductions

(1) On making a relevant payment, the employer must deduct the amount of tax which would have been deductible in accordance with the appropriate tax tables, by reference to the employee’s code, if the payment had been made on the first day of the tax year.

(2) This is subject to—

Section 28 Non-cumulative basis: modification of general rule

(1) Paragraphs (2) to (5) modify the general rule in regulation 27(1) (the non-cumulative basis) in certain circumstances.

(2) If regulation 30 (employee not paid weekly or monthly) applies to the employee’s main relevant payments, the employer must deduct from a relevant payment the amount of tax which would have been deductible, by reference to the employee’s code, if the payment (whether or not it is a main relevant payment) had been made on the date given by that regulation.

(3) If the employer does not normally make relevant payments to the employee at regular intervals, the employer must deduct from a relevant payment the amount of tax which would have been deductible, by reference to the employee’s code—

(a) if the payment is the first payment in the tax year, on the date it is made, or

(b) in any other case, on the date found by counting forward x days starting on 5th April, where x is the number of days found by starting with the date of the previous relevant payment and counting forward to the date of the payment in question.

(4) But if two or more relevant payments are made in the same tax week, the employer must deduct from the second or subsequent relevant payment the amount of tax which (subject to regulation 29(5)) would have been deductible, by reference to the employee’s code, if that payment were made at the date given by paragraph (3) for the first payment.

(5) ... the deduction is not to exceed the overriding limit, subject to regulation 62(6) (notional payments).

Section 29 Non-cumulative basis: aggregation of payments

(1) Paragraph (2) applies if—

(a) relevant payments are normally made to an employee at regular intervals of a week or more, and

(b) the employee’s code is used on the non-cumulative basis.

(2) If the relevant payment is the second or subsequent relevant payment made to the employee during the payment period (as defined by regulation 25(6)), the amount of tax to be deducted must be—

(a) calculated by reference to the aggregate of the relevant payments made to the employee during the payment period (as defined by regulation 25(6)),

(b) increased by any tax not deducted because of the overriding limit when the previous relevant payment in that payment period was made to the employee, and

(c) reduced by the amount of tax calculated when the employer made the previous relevant payment in that payment period.

(3) But, for the purposes of the aggregate, any effects of regulation 30(2) (regular payments treated as made at later date) must be disregarded.

(4) Paragraph (5) applies if relevant payments to an employee—

(a) are normally made at regular intervals of less than a week, or

(b) are made at irregular intervals of less than a week.

(5) If the relevant payment is the second or subsequent relevant payment made to the employee during a tax week, the amount of tax to be deducted must be—

(a) calculated by reference to the aggregate of the relevant payments made to the employee in the tax week,

(b) increased by any tax not deducted because of the overriding limit when the previous relevant payment in that tax week was made to the employee, and

(c) reduced by the amount of tax calculated when the employer made the previous relevant payment in that tax week.

Section 30 Non-cumulative basis: employee not paid weekly or monthly

(1) This regulation applies if—

(a) an employer normally makes main relevant payments to an employee at regular intervals which are longer than a week, other than monthly, and

(b) the employee’s code is used on the non-cumulative basis.

(2) Each main relevant payment in a tax year is treated for the purposes of calculating the deduction of tax as having been made at the end the period which—

(a) starts on 6th April, and

(b) finishes at the end of the employee’s regular payment interval.

(3) If the employee’s main relevant payments are normally made at regular intervals which are longer than a year, any such payment in a tax year is treated, for the purposes of calculating the deduction of tax, as made on 5th April in that tax year.

(4) But, in every case, the employer must record the actual date of every payment in the deductions working sheet.

Section 31 Payments in short payment periods

(1) An employer must deduct tax on the non-cumulative basis from any relevant payment made to an employee in a short payment period which includes an extra pay day, even if the employee’s code is normally used on the cumulative basis.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply if the employee’s code is the basic rate code.

(3) If—

(a) the employee’s total payments to date do not exceed the employee’s total free pay to date, and

(b) the employee’s code is normally used on the cumulative basis,

the employer must not deduct any tax from relevant payments made in a short payment period which includes an extra pay day.

(4) “Extra pay day” means the last day in a tax year on which a main relevant payment is due to be made to an employee if—

(a) the employee’s main relevant payments are normally made weekly or at greater intervals which results in the number of pay days varying from tax year to tax year (solely because of the number of days in a calendar year), and

(b) the day falls in a short payment period.

(5) “Short payment period” has the meaning given in regulation 25(8).

Section 32 Higher rate code: deductions

If an employee’s code is the higher rate code the employer must deduct tax at the higher rate, and regulations 22 and 26 (cumulative and non-cumulative basis) do not apply.

Section 32A Additional rate code: deductions

If the employee’s code is the additional rate code the employer must deduct tax at the additional rate and regulations 22 and 26 (cumulative and non-cumulative basis) do not apply.

Section 32B Scottish upper rate codes

(1) If the employee’s code is an appropriate Scottish upper rate code the employer must deduct tax at the Scottish upper rate specified in that code and regulations 22 and 26 (cumulative and non-cumulative basis) do not apply.

(2) For the purposes of this regulation an “appropriate Scottish upper rate code” has the meaning given in regulation 7(4).

Section 33 Nil tax code: no deductions or repayments

(1) If an employee’s code is the nil tax code the employer must not deduct or repay any tax, and so regulation 22 (cumulative basis) does not apply.

(2) But—

(a) if the nil tax code is an amended code, and

(b) the Inland Revenue so direct,

regulation 22 applies to the next relevant payment the employer makes in the same tax year, and the employer must make any repayment of tax due.

Section 34 Simplified deduction scheme for personal employees

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 35 Simplified deduction schemes: records

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 36 Cessation of employment: Form P45

(1) On ceasing to employ an employee in respect of whom a code has been issued, the employer must complete Form P45.

(1A) If Part 3 of Form P45 is not available—

(a) the employer is not required to complete that Part of the Form, and

(b) where the employer does not complete that Part, any requirement, however expressed, in these Regulations which relates only to Part 3 does not apply.

(2) The employer must then—

(a) send Part 1 of that form to the Inland Revenue if the employer is one to whom paragraph (2A) applies , and

(b) provide Parts 1A, 2 and 3 to the employee,

on the day on which the employment ceases or, if that is not practicable, without unreasonable delay.

(2A) This paragraph applies to—

(a) non-Real Time Information employers, and

(b) Real Time Information employers to whom HMRC has given a notice requiring the employer to send to HMRC Form P45 or Form P46 on the commencement of a new employee’s employment.

(3) Retirement on pension is not a cessation of employment for the purposes of this regulation if the PAYE pension income is paid by the same employer after retirement.

(4) The information listed in column 1 of Table 2 must, subject to the conditions set out in column 2, be provided in the various Parts of Form P45 as indicated in columns 3 to 5.

Information which must be provided in Form P45

(5) This regulation is subject to regulations 38, 39 and 180 (death of employee etc).

Section 36A Income subject to retrospective tax provision — information to employee

(1) This regulation applies if—

(a) a payment is made to an employee;

(b) the employment in connection with which it was paid ceases;

(c) the payment becomes a qualifying payment after the cessation of the employment;

(d) the tax year in which the payment was actually made is not closed, and

(e) the amount of the qualifying payment was not included in Form P45.

(2) If this regulation applies the person who made the payment must provide to the employee, without unreasonable delay after the relevant time, details of—

(a) the date on which the qualifying payment was actually made;

(b) the amount of the qualifying payment; and

(c) the amount of tax deducted under regulation 62(4) or (5).

Section 37 PAYE income paid after employment ceased

(1) This regulation applies if a relevant payment is made to an employee after the employment has ceased—

(a) by the former employer in respect of the former employment, or

(b) by any other person in respect of an obligation of the former employer,

and the payment has not been included in Form P45.

(1A) But this regulation does not apply if regulation 37A applies.

(2) The person making the payment must deduct tax on the non-cumulative basis using the 0T Code.

(2A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) But—

(a) the payment does not affect the cessation of employment, and

(b) the provisions listed in paragraph (4) do not apply.

(4) The provisions are—

(5) The person making the payment must record the following information in a deductions working sheet (which the person must prepare for the purpose if one has not already been prepared for that tax year).

(6) The information is—

(a) the date of the payment,

(b) the amount of the relevant payment, and

(c) the amount of tax deducted on making the payment, or to be deducted or accounted for under regulation 62(4) or (5) (notional payments).

(7) The person making the payment must also notify the employee of the information mentioned in paragraph (6) without unreasonable delay.

Section 37A Income paid after cessation of employment subsequently becoming subject to PAYE

(1) This regulation applies if—

(a) a payment has been made, after the cessation of the employment, to a former employee—

(i) by the former employer, or

(ii) by any other person in respect of an obligation of the former employer;

(b) that payment becomes a qualifying payment after the employment ceased; and

(c) the amount of the qualifying payment has not been included in Form P45.

(2) Where a qualifying payment has been made in a closed year, the employer must deduct tax, from any other payment made to the former employee in the tax period at the relevant time—

(a) in accordance with the last code used for the tax year in which the qualifying payment was made, or

(b) if the employer has not been notified of a code for that tax year, at the additional rate of tax applicable for that year.

(3) Where a qualifying payment has been made in an open year, the employer must deduct tax from any other payment made to the former employee—

(a) in accordance with the code in force in the final tax period in which the employee was employed, or

(b) if the employer has not been notified of a code, at the additional rate of tax applicable for that year.

(4) Neither the making of the qualifying payment, nor its subsequently becoming taxable, affect the cessation of the employment, and the provisions listed in regulation 37(4) do not apply in relation that payment.

(5) The employer must record the following information in a deductions working sheet for the tax year in which that payment was made.

If a deductions working sheet has not already been prepared for that tax year, the employer must prepare one.

(6) The information is—

(a) the date on which the qualifying payment was actually made;

(b) the amount of that payment; and

(c) the amount of tax to be deducted or accounted for under regulation 62(4) or(5) (notional payments).

(7) The employer must also notify the employee of the information listed in paragraph (6) without unreasonable delay after the relevant time.

Section 38 Death of employee

(A1) This regulation applies to—

(a) non-Real Time Information employers, and

(b) Real Time Information employers to whom HMRC has given a notice requiring the employer to send to HMRC Form P45 or Form P46 on the commencement of a new employee’s employment.

(1) On the death of an employee (other than a pensioner) in respect of whom a code has been issued by the Inland Revenue, the employer must—

(a) complete Form P45 indicating in Part 1 that the employee has died, and

(b) send it to the Inland Revenue.

(2) The employer must comply with paragraph (1)—

(a) on the day on which the employer learns of the employee’s death, or

(b) if that is not practicable, without unreasonable delay.

(3) The employer must, on making a relevant payment after learning of the employee’s death but before completing Form P45, deduct or repay tax as if the deceased employee were still alive and employed by the employer at the date of the payment.

(4) Regulation 37(2) to (6) applies to any relevant payment which—

(a) is made in respect of the employee’s employment after the date of the employee’s death, and

(b) is not included in Form P45.

Section 39 Death of pensioner

(A1) This regulation applies to—

(a) non-Real Time Information pension payers, and

(b) Real Time Information pension payers to whom HMRC has given a notice requiring the pension payer to send to HMRC Form P45 or Form P46(Pen) on the commencement of a new pensioner’s pension.

(1) On the death of a pensioner in respect of whom a code has been issued by the Inland Revenue, the pension payer must—

(a) complete Form P45 indicating in Part 1 that the pensioner has died, and

(b) send it to the Inland Revenue.

(2) The pension payer must comply with paragraph (1)—

(a) on the day on which the pension payer learns of the pensioner’s death, or

(b) if that is not practicable, without unreasonable delay.

(3) Paragraph (4) applies if the pension payer makes any relevant pension payments after the date of the pensioner’s death—

(a) before completing Form P45, or

(b) after completing Form P45 but during the tax year in which the pensioner died.

(4) The pension payer must, on making any such payment, deduct or repay tax as if the deceased pensioner were still alive and in receipt of a pension at the date of the payment.

(5) Regulation 37(2) to (6) applies to any relevant pension payment which—

(a) is made in a tax year following the tax year in which the pensioner died, and

(b) is not included in Form P45.

Section 40 Duty of employee to give new employer Form P45

(1) An employee who has Parts 2 and 3 of Form P45 must give them to the new employer on commencing a new employment.

(2) If an employee receives Parts 2 and 3 of Form P45 after commencing a new employment, the employee must immediately give them to the new employer.

(3) But paragraphs (4) and (6) apply if an employee objects to the disclosure of the total payments to date to the new employer.

(4) If the employer is a non-Real Time Information employer or a Real Time Information employer to whom HMRC has given a notice requiring the employer to send to HMRC Form P45 or Form P46 on the commencement of a new employee’s employment, the employee may, instead of complying with paragraph (1) or (2), send Parts 2 and 3 of Form P45 to the Inland Revenue before commencing the new employment or as soon as the employee receives Form P45 (as the case may be).

(5) The Inland Revenue—

(a) must then issue a code in respect of the employee to the new employer, and

(b) may direct that the non-cumulative basis is to apply to all relevant payments which the new employer makes to the employee.

(6) If the employer is a Real Time Information employer, the employee need not comply with paragraphs (1) and (2).